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González-Pinardo D, Goicoechea JM, Fernández I. Metal Influence on Cyaphide-Azide 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions: Aromaticity and Activation Strain. Chemistry 2024:e202303977. [PMID: 38224196 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The factors governing 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions involving C≡P-containing compounds are computationally explored in detail using quantum chemical tools. To this end, the parent process involving tBuN3 and tBuCP is analyzed and compared to the analogous reaction involving organometallic cyaphide complexes (metal=Au, Pt, Ge, Mg), in order to understand the role of the metal fragment in such transformations. It is found that while the metal fragment does not significantly influence the aromaticity of the corresponding concerted transition states or the regioselectivity of the transformation, it may modify the reactivity of the cyaphide complexes (i. e. Ge and Mg cyaphide complexes are comparatively more reactive). The computed reactivity trends and the factors behind the regioselectivity of the cycloaddition reaction are quantitatively analyzed with the help of the activation strain model in combination with the energy decomposition analysis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Pinardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universidad, Campus Universitario, 28040-, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirwood Ave., Bloomington, IN-47405
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universidad, Campus Universitario, 28040-, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Passadis S, Hadjithoma S, Fairbairn NJ, Hedley GJ, Bandeira NAG, Tsipis AC, Miras HN, Keramidas AD, Kabanos TA. Hafnium(IV) Chemistry with Imide-Dioxime and Catecholate-Oxime Ligands: Unique {Hf 5} and Metalloaromatic {Hf 6}-Oxo Clusters Exhibiting Fluorescence. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20253-20267. [PMID: 36461927 PMCID: PMC9768755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Hafnium(IV) molecular species have gained increasing attention due to their numerous applications ranging from high-resolution nanolithography, heterogeneous catalysis, and electronics to the design of molecule-based building blocks in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with applications in gas separation, sorption, luminescence sensing, and interim storage of radioactive waste. Despite great potential, their chemistry is relatively underdeveloped. Here, we use strong chelators (2Z-6Z)-piperidine-2,6-dione (H3pidiox) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde oxime (H3dihybo) to synthesize the first ever reported pentanuclear {Hf5/H3pidiox} and hexanuclear {Hf6/H3dihybo} clusters (HfOCs). The {Hf6} clusters adopt unique core structures [Hf6IV(μ3-O)2(μ-O)3] with a trigonal-prismatic arrangement of the six hafnium atoms and have been characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy in the solid state, NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry in solution. One-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) 1H NMR and mass spectroscopies reveal the exceptional thermodynamic stability of the HfOCs in solution. Interestingly, the conjunction of the oxime group with the catechol resulted in the remarkable reduction of the clusters' band gap, below 2.51 eV. Another prominent feature is the occurrence of pronounced metalloaromaticity of the triangular {Hf3} metallic component revealed by its NICSzz scan curve calculated by means of density functional theory (DFT). The NICSzz(1) value of -44.6 ppm is considerably higher than the -29.7 ppm found at the same level of theory for the benzene ring. Finally, we investigated the luminescence properties of the clusters where 1 emits light in the violet region despite the lack of fluorescence of the free H3pidiox ligand, whereas the {Hf6} 3 shifts the violet-emitting light of the H3dihybo to lower energy. DFT calculations show that this fluorescence behavior stems from ligand-centered molecular orbital transitions and that HfIV coordination has a modulating effect on the photophysics of these HfOCs. This work not only represents a significant milestone in the construction of stable low-band-gap multinuclear HfIV clusters with unique structural features and metal-centered aromaticity but also reveals the potential of Hf(IV) molecule-based materials with applications in sensing, catalysis, and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatis
S. Passadis
- Section
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Ioannina, Ioannina45110, Greece
| | - Sofia Hadjithoma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia1678, Cyprus
| | | | - Gordon J. Hedley
- WestCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Nuno A. G. Bandeira
- BioISI—BioSystems
and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade
de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016Lisboa, Portugal,
| | - Athanassios C. Tsipis
- Section
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Ioannina, Ioannina45110, Greece,
| | - Haralampos N. Miras
- WestCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,
| | | | - Themistoklis A. Kabanos
- Section
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Ioannina, Ioannina45110, Greece,
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3
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Mandal S, Datta A. Metal‐free Kinugasa reaction catalyzed by external electric field. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata West Bengal India
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4
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Wang H, Lin Y, Chen S, Ruan Y, Xia H. Metallacycle Expansion and Annulation: Access to
Tetrazolo‐Fused
Osmacycles by Reaction of Cyclic Osmium Carbyne with Sodium Azide. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yu‐Mei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yonghong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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5
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Wu J, Lin L, Zhu J. Probing the origin of ambiphilic reactivity in osmapentalyne complexes: Interplay of ring strain, aromaticity, and phosphonium substituent. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Lin L, Dai C, Zhu J. Probing the origin of the stereoselectivity and enantioselectivity of cobalt-catalyzed [2 + 2] cyclization of ethylene and enynes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01412e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical calculations reveal the origin of the stereoselectivity and enantioselectivity of cobalt-catalyzed [2 + 2] cyclization of ethylene and enynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
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7
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Zhang J, Sheong FK, Lu Z, Zhang H, Lin Z. Unexpected Electronic Behavior of Organic Azide and
Metal‐Carbyne
in Their 1,
3‐Dipolar
Cycloaddition Reaction. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong, China
| | - Fu Kit Sheong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong, China
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