1
|
Křížková A, Bastien G, Rončević I, Císařová I, Rybáček J, Kašička V, Kaleta J. Chlorinated Cubane-1,4-dicarboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36724049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report radical chlorination of cubane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid leading preferentially to one monochlorinated cubane dicarboxylate (ca. 70%) that is accompanied by four dichlorinated derivatives (ca. 20% in total). The exact positions of the chlorine atoms have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction of the corresponding single crystals. The acidity constants of all dicarboxylic acids in water were determined by capillary electrophoresis (3.17 ± 0.04 and 4.09 ± 0.05 for monochlorinated and ca. 2.71 ± 0.05 and 3.75 ± 0.05 for dichlorinated cubanes). All chlorinated derivatives as well as the parent diacid showed high thermal stability (decomposition above 250 °C) as documented by differential scanning calorimetry. The probable reaction pathways leading to individual isomers were proposed, and the energies of individual transition states and intermediates were obtained using density functional theory calculations (B3LYP-D3BJ/6-311+G(d,p)). The relative strain energies for all newly prepared derivatives as well as for hypothetical hexahalogenated (fluorinated, chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated) derivatives of cubane-1,4-dicarboxylic acids were predicted using wavefunction theory methods. The hexafluorinated derivative was identified as the most strained compound (57.5 kcal/mol), and the relative strain decreased as the size of halogen atoms increased (23.7 for hexachloro, 16.7 for hexabromo, and 4.0 kcal/mol for the hexaiodo derivative).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Křížková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Bastien
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Rončević
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Carborynes (1,2-dehydro-o-carborane and 1,3-dehydro-o-carborane), three-dimensional analogues of benzyne, can be generated in situ from the precursors 1-X-2-Li-1,2-C2B10H10 (X = Br, I, OTs, OTf), or 1-Me3Si-2-[IPh(OAc)]-1,2-C2B10H10 or [1-Li-3-N2-1,2-C2B10H10][BF4]. They are a class of very useful synthons for the synthesis of a large variety of functionalized carborane derivatives for potential application in medicine, materials science and organometallic/coordination chemistry. The experimental data demonstrate that there is a correspondence between the reactions of carborynes and those of benzyne with alkenes, dienes, alkynes, aromatics or heteroaromatics in a pericyclic reaction fashion. On the other hand, carborynes have unique properties of their own owing to their steric/electronic features. They undergo regioselective sp2/sp3 C-H bond and N-Li bond insertion reactions, which has not been observed for benzyne. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in this interesting research field with considerable attention devoted to the reaction modes and the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaozao Qiu
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai 200032, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mills HA, Alsarhan F, Ong TC, Gembicky M, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Icosahedral m-Carboranes Containing Exopolyhedral B-Se and B-Te Bonds. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19165-19174. [PMID: 34855370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogen-containing carboranes have been known for several decades and possess stable exopolyhedral B(9)-Se and B(9)-Te σ bonds despite the electron-donating ability of the B(9) vertex. While these molecules are known, little has been done to thoroughly evaluate their electrophilic and nucleophilic behavior. Herein, we report an assessment of the electrophilic reactivity of m-carboranylselenyl(II), -tellurenyl(II), and -tellurenyl(IV) chlorides and establish their reactivity pattern with Grignard reagents, alkenes, alkynes, enolates, and electron-rich arenes. These electrophilic reactions afford unique electron-rich B-Y-C (Y = Se, Te) bonding motifs not commonly found before. Furthermore, we show that m-carboranylselenolate, and even m-carboranyltellurolate, can be competent nucleophiles and participate in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Arene substitution chemistry is shown to be further extended to electron-rich species via palladium-mediated cross-coupling chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison A Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fadi Alsarhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ta-Chung Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Le TP, Rončević I, Dračínský M, Císařová I, Šolínová V, Kašička V, Kaleta J. Polyhalogenated Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-dicarboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10303-10319. [PMID: 34269057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the highly selective radical chlorination of 2,2-difluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid. Together with radical hydrodechlorination by TMS3SiH, four new bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane cages carrying two fluorine and one to three chlorine atoms in bridge positions have been obtained. The exact positions of all halogen atoms have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The acidity constants (pKa) for all new derivatives have been determined by capillary electrophoresis, and these experimental values show excellent agreement with pKas predicted by DFT methods. Extensive DFT calculations have been used to rationalize the selective formation of four out of nine possible F2Cl1-4 isomers of bridge-halogenated bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and to obtain relative strain energies for all possible isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Le
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Rončević
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Šolínová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kaleta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|