1
|
Abdi G, Gryl M, Sławek A, Kowalewska E, Mazur T, Podborska A, Mech K, Zawal P, Pritam A, Kmita A, Alluhaibi L, Maximenko A, Vijayakumar C, Szaciłowski K. Influence of crystal structure and composition on optical and electronic properties of pyridinium-based bismuth iodide complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14649-14662. [PMID: 37791584 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02910g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impacts of structure and composition on the optical and electronic properties of a series of pyridinium-based bismuth iodide complexes. Organic substrates with various functional groups, such as 4-aminopyridine (4-Ampy), 4-methylpyridine (4-Mepy), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (4-Dmapy), and 4-pyridinecarbonitrile (4-CNpy) with different electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups at the para position of the pyridine ring were employed. Crystallographic analysis reveals various bismuth iodide structures, including 1D chains and discrete 0D motifs. The optical band gap of these materials, identified via diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and verified with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, is influenced by the crystal packing and stabilising interactions. Through a comprehensive analysis, including Hirshfeld surface (HS) and void assessment, the study underscores the influence of noncovalent intermolecular interactions on crystal packing. Spectroscopic evaluations provide insights into electronic interactions, elucidating the role of electron donor and acceptor substituents within the lattice. Thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) indicates structural stability up to 250 °C. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) reveals significant conductivity in the range of 10-20 mS per pixel at 298.15 K. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Bi L3 edge indicates a similar oxidation state and electronic environment across all samples, underscoring the role of bismuth centres surrounded by iodides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisya Abdi
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Kawiory 30, 30-055 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marlena Gryl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Sławek
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Kawiory 30, 30-055 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Kowalewska
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Kawiory 30, 30-055 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Mazur
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Kawiory 30, 30-055 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Podborska
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Kawiory 30, 30-055 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Mech
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Kawiory 30, 30-055 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zawal
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Kawiory 30, 30-055 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anurag Pritam
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Kawiory 30, 30-055 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Angelika Kmita
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Kawiory 30, 30-055 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Lulu Alluhaibi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS, Czerwone Maki 98, 30-392 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alexey Maximenko
- National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS, Czerwone Maki 98, 30-392 Kraków, Poland
| | - Chakkooth Vijayakumar
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
| | - Konrad Szaciłowski
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Kawiory 30, 30-055 Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma D, Balasubramaniam S, Kumar S, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Reversing Lewis acidity from bismuth to antimony. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8889-8892. [PMID: 34378571 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03038h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Investigations on the boundaries between the neutral and cationic models of (Mesityl)2EX (E = Sb, Bi and X = Cl-, OTf-) have facilitated reversing the Lewis acidity from bismuth to antimony. We use this concept to demonstrate a higher efficiency of (Mesityl)2SbOTf over (Mesityl)2BiOTf in the catalytic reduction of phosphine oxides to phosphines. The experiments supported with computations described herein will find use in designing new Lewis acids relevant to catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Selvakumar Balasubramaniam
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Eluvathingal D Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| |
Collapse
|