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Woern K, Poddel'sky AI, Mayer A, Schrenk C, Schnepf A, Klementyeva SV. A Series of Cyclopentadienyl Lanthanum Complexes with Metalloid Germanium Clusters. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38984981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
A series of cyclopentadienyllanthanum complexes with the disilylated metalloid germanium cluster [Ge9(Hyp)2]2- [Hyp = Si(SiMe3)3] has been prepared and fully characterized. The synthetic procedure is based on the salt metathesis reaction of two different cyclopentadienyllanthanum diiodides CpLaI2 (Cp: Cp*, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; Cpttt, 1,2,4-tri-tert-butylcyclopentadienyl) with K2[Ge9(Hyp)2] in tetrahydrofuran (THF) with a subsequent extraction with n-hexane. The composition of the obtained compounds and the mode of coordination of the germanium cluster to the rare-earth metal are strongly influenced by the steric demand of the cyclopentadienyl ligands and the crystallization conditions. The centrosymmetric dimeric compounds with the common formula [CpLa(solv)(η2,3-Ge9(Hyp)2)]2 [1, Cp = Cp*, solv-THF; 2, Cp = Cpttt, solv-NCCH2C(Me)NSiMe3] have been isolated by the slow evaporation of a n-hexane solution, while a mononuclear complex [CptttLa(THF)2(η3-Ge9(Hyp)2)] (4) was found by crystallization from THF. The repeated recrystallization of 1 from n-hexane afforded the asymmetric dimer [Cp*La(THF)(η2,3-Ge9(Hyp)2)][Cp*La(η2,3-Ge9(Hyp)2)] (3) with only one coordinated THF molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Woern
- Chemistry Department, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrey I Poddel'sky
- Chemistry Department, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 275, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alex Mayer
- Chemistry Department, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudio Schrenk
- Chemistry Department, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Chemistry Department, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Svetlana V Klementyeva
- Chemistry Department, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Giarrana L, Zimmer M, Morgenstern B, Scheschkewitz D. Tetrylene-Functionalized Si 7-Siliconoids. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38502920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The core expansion of metallic or metalloid clusters by the addition of further homo- or heteronuclear vertices is pivotal to the nucleation and growth of particles. The exohedral grafting of a low-valent functionality followed by endohedral incorporation have been identified as key steps. Following previous work on the Si6 series, we now report the synthesis and full characterization of the amidinatotetrylene-functionalized seven-vertex siliconoids Si7R5[E(NtBu)2CPh] (E = Si, Ge, Sn). In the case of the silylene derivative, the solid-state structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Giarrana
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Service Center X-ray Diffraction, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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3
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Klementyeva SV, Woern K, Schrenk C, Zhang M, Khusniyarov MM, Schnepf A. [(thf) 5Ln(Ge 9{Si(SiMe 3) 3} 2)] (Ln = Eu, Sm, Yb): Capping Metalloid Germanium Cluster with Lanthanides. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5614-5621. [PMID: 36967670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of three neutral complexes with different coordination modes of a di-silylated metalloid germanium cluster to divalent lanthanides [(thf)5Ln(ηn-Ge9(Hyp)2)] (Ln = Yb (1, n = 1); Eu (2, n = 2, 3), Sm (3, n = 2, 3); Hyp = Si(SiMe3)3) by the salt metathesis of LnI2 with K2[Ge9(Hyp)2] in THF. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In thf solution, the formation of contact or solvate-separated ion pairs depending on the concentration is assumed. Compound 2 exhibits a blue luminescence typical for Eu2+. The solid-state magnetic measurements of compounds 2 and 3 confirm the presence of divalent europium and samarium, respectively.
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4
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Wallach C, Klein W, Fässler TF. Oxidative coupling of silylated nonagermanide clusters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5486-5489. [PMID: 35416209 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01250b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyhedral main group element clusters of tetrel elements are discussed as suitable building units to form atom-precise nano-structures. Herein we report the oxidative coupling of two [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]2- clusters (TMS = trimethylsilyl) resulting in the dimeric cluster [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]22-. The dimer is structurally characterized as the [NHCiPrCu]+ adduct {NHCiPrCu[Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]}2 [NHCiPr = 1,3-di(isopropyl)imidazolylidine]. The linkage of two molecular [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]2- anions under formation of an exo Ge-Ge bond occurs in the presence of Cy2BCl (Cy = cyclohexyl) and is mediated by trace amounts of oxygen as indicated by the isolation of the by-product Cy2B-O-BCy2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wallach
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Wilhelm Klein
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas F Fässler
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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5
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Kunz T, Şahin O, Schnepf A. Three different ways for the synthesis of the metalloid cluster [Ge
9
(Hyp
t
BuPh2
)
3
]
−. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kunz
- Chemistry Department University Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Orhan Şahin
- Chemistry Department University Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Chemistry Department University Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
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6
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Xu HL, Qiao L, Sun ZM. [Co 2@(Ge 17Ni)] 4-: the first edge-sharing double-cage endohedral germanide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3190-3193. [PMID: 35171154 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06038d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here a new double-cage endohedral Ge cluster, [Co2@(Ge17Ni)]4-, fused through two [Co@(Ge9Ni)] moieties with a shared Ni-Ge edge. This ternary Co-Ge-Ni species not only represents the first double-cage example of an 18-vertex Zintl cluster, but also fills in the missing link of the edge fusion model in the double-cage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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7
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Gour K, Bisai MK, Sen SS. Hypersilyl Substituent in Heavier Low‐valent Group 14 Chemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Gour
- CSIR-NCL: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis INDIA
| | - Milan Kumar Bisai
- CSIR-NCL: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis INDIA
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- National Chemical Laboraotry Catalysis Division Dr. Homi Bhabha RoadPashan 411008 Pune INDIA
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8
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Schnepf A, Gienger C. Substitution of Hyp (Hyp = Si(SiMe3)3) at metalloid [Ge9(Hyp)3]- clusters using phosphine stabilized Au(I)Cl. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14207-14213. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01665f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present two new intermetalloid cluster compounds [(nBu3P)AuGe9(Hyp)2Au(PnBu3)]2 (1) and [Au(iPr2POC6H4OPiPr2)AuGe9(Hyp)2]2 (2) which are obtained from the reaction of KGe9(Hyp)3 (Hyp = Si(SiMe3)3) with respective Au(I) phosphine precursors. The products...
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9
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Kunz T, Graf V, Schrenk C, Schnepf A. Ge 14Br 8-xCl x(PEt 3) 4: Insight into the Reaction Route to Metalloid Clusters of Germanium. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15364-15370. [PMID: 34510891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The isolation of the germanium mixed halide cluster Ge14Br8-xClx(PEt3)4 (2) by the reaction of a metastable GeIBr solution (toluene/PEt3) with GeCl2·dioxane provides new insights into the complex formation mechanism of metalloid germanium clusters through the disproportionation reaction of GeIX (X = Cl and Br). It is shown that the GeII halide is involved in at least two steps in the build-up reaction of 2. The molecular structure of 2 is presented together with a plausible reaction mechanism leading to the binary cluster Ge14Br8(PEt3)4 and future aspects of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kunz
- Chemistry Department, University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Victoria Graf
- Chemistry Department, University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Claudio Schrenk
- Chemistry Department, University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Chemistry Department, University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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10
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Streitferdt V, Tiefenthaler SM, Shenderovich IG, Gärtner S, Korber N, Gschwind RM. NMR‐Spectroscopic Detection of an Elusive Protonated and Coinage Metalated Silicide [NHC
Dipp
Cu(η
4
‐Si
9
)H]
2−
in Solution. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Streitferdt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | | | | | - Stefanie Gärtner
- Central Analytics University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Nikolaus Korber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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11
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Klementyeva SV, Schrenk C, Zhang M, Khusniyarov MM, Schnepf A. (thf) 2Ln(Ge 9{Si(SiMe 3) 3} 3) 2 (Ln = Eu, Sm): the first coordination of metalloid germanium clusters to lanthanides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4730-4733. [PMID: 33977949 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01151k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of the first rare earth complexes of metalloid group 14 clusters [(thf)2Ln(Ge9Hyp3)2] (Ln = Eu, Sm, Hyp = Si(SiMe3)3). X-Ray crystallographic analysis and DFT calculations reveal a novel η2-coordination mode of the Ge9Hyp3 units and a slight distortion of the Ge9 cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Klementyeva
- Chemistry Department, University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
| | - Claudio Schrenk
- Chemistry Department, University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstraße 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Marat M Khusniyarov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstraße 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Chemistry Department, University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
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12
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Wallach C, Geitner FS, Fässler TF. FLP-type nitrile activation and cyclic ether ring-opening by halo-borane nonagermanide-cluster Lewis acid-base pairs. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6969-6976. [PMID: 34123324 PMCID: PMC8153081 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though homoatomic nine-atom germanium clusters are known for two decades, their chemical properties are still rarely investigated. We now discovered that Zintl ion main group-element clusters possess a reactive lone pair of electrons, and we show a new pathway to bind ligands with functional groups to the [Ge9] cluster core through Ge-C bond formation. We report on the reactivity of [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]2- (TMS = trimethylsilyl) towards a series of Lewis acidic bromo-boranes. The reaction of [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]2- and DAB o-tol-Br (DAB = 1,3,2-diazaborolidine; o-tol = 2-methylphenyl) resulted, depending on the reaction protocol, either in the formation of [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2DAB o-tol]- (1a) with direct Ge-B interactions, or in [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2(CH2)4O-DAB o-tol]- (2a) featuring a ring-opened thf moiety. Ring opening reactions occur for all bulkier DABR-Br [R: o-xyl (2,6-dimethylphenyl), Mes (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), Dipp (2,6-diisopropylphenyl)], DAB(ii)Dipp-Br and acyclic ( i Pr2N)2BBr without Ge-B bond formation as shown for the structural characterization of the ring-opened products of thf (3, 4) and trimethylene oxide (5). In contrast to thf, the activation of CH3CN requires the simultaneous presence of Lewis-acid and Lewis-basic reactants allowing the formation of [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2CH3C[double bond, length as m-dash]N-DABMes]- (6a). Within the presented compounds, 3 and 4 show an unusual substitution pattern of the three ligands at the [Ge9] core in the solid state. The [Ge9] cluster/borane systems correspond to intermolecular frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), in which the [Ge9] cluster with several lone pairs represents the Lewis base, and the borane is the Lewis acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wallach
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Felix S Geitner
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Thomas F Fässler
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching b. München Germany
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