1
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Hasegawa S, Harano K, Motokura K. RhRu Bimetallic Oxide Cluster Catalysts for Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Arenes and Carboxylic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19059-19069. [PMID: 38842195 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Noble-metal-based bimetallic oxide clusters are promising novel catalysts. In this study, we developed carbon-supported RhRu bimetallic oxide clusters (RhRuOx/C) with a mean diameter of 1.2 nm, which showed remarkable catalytic activity for the cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of arenes and carboxylic acids with O2 as the sole oxidant. RhRu bimetallic oxide cluster formation was confirmed by aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Kinetic isotope and substituent effects indicated that arene C-H bond cleavage was the rate-determining step and proceeded via electrophilic concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism, with a carboxylate as an internal base. Density functional theory calculations supported the proposed mechanism and indicated that the active center for C-H bond activation was Rh(V) rather than Rh(III), while Ru enhanced the electrophilicity of the Rh(V) site by decreasing the negative charge of the surrounding oxygen atoms. Electron-rich arenes showed relatively high reactivity for the RhRuOx/C-catalyzed CDC reaction, and both aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids were applicable to the reaction. The RhRuOx/C catalyst is promising for the CDC reaction of arenes and carboxylic acids to produce aryl esters. This work promotes the development of noble-metal-based bimetallic oxide clusters for C-H bond activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Harano
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ken Motokura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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2
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Gonzálvez MA, Williams CM, Martínez M, Bernhardt PV. Kinetico-Mechanistic Studies on a Reactive Organocopper(II) Complex: Cu-C Bond Homolysis versus Heterolysis. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4662-4671. [PMID: 36877141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Organocopper(II) reagents are an unexplored frontier of copper catalysis. Despite being proposed as reactive intermediates, an understanding of the stability and reactivity of the CuII-C bond has remained elusive. Two main pathways can be considered for the cleavage mode of a CuII-C bond: homolysis and heterolysis. We recently showed how organocopper(II) reagents can react with alkenes via radical addition, a homolytic pathway. In this work, the decomposition of the complex [CuIILR]+ [L = tris(2- dimethylaminoethyl)amine, Me6tren, R = NCCH2-] in the absence and presence of an initiator (RX, X = Cl, Br) was evaluated. When no initiator was present, first-order CuII-C bond homolysis occurred producing [CuIL]+ and succinonitrile, via radical termination. When an excess of the initiator was present, a subsequent formation of [CuIILX]+ via a second-order reaction was found, which results from the reaction of [CuIL]+ with RX following homolysis. However, when Brønsted acids (R'-OH: R' = H, Me, Ph, PhCO) were present, heterolytic cleavage of the CuII-C bond produced [CuIIL(OR')]+ and MeCN. Kinetic studies were undertaken to obtain the thermal (ΔH⧧, ΔS⧧) and pressure (ΔV⧧) activation parameters and deuterium kinetic isotopic effects, which provided an understanding of the strength of the CuII-C bond and the nature of the transition state for the reactions involved. These results reveal possible reaction pathways for organocopper(II) complexes relevant to their applications as catalysts in C-C bond forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Gonzálvez
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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3
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Barišić D, Pajić M, Halasz I, Babić D, Ćurić M. Mechanochemical halogenation of unsymmetrically substituted azobenzenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:680-687. [PMID: 35821698 PMCID: PMC9235908 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct and selective mechanochemical halogenation of C–H bonds in unsymmetrically substituted azobenzenes using N-halosuccinimides as the halogen source under neat grinding or liquid-assisted grinding conditions in a ball mill has been described. Depending on the azobenzene substrate used, halogenation of the C–H bonds occurs in the absence or only in the presence of PdII catalysts. Insight into the reaction dynamics and characterization of the products was achieved by in situ Raman and ex situ NMR spectroscopy and PXRD analysis. A strong influence of the different 4,4’-substituents of azobenzene on the halogenation time and mechanism was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Barišić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Pajić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Babić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manda Ćurić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
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Barišić D, Halasz I, Bjelopetrović A, Babić D, Ćurić M. Mechanistic Study of the Mechanochemical Pd II-Catalyzed Bromination of Aromatic C–H Bonds by Experimental and Computational Methods. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Barišić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alen Bjelopetrović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Babić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manda Ćurić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Rafols L, Josa D, Aguilà D, Barrios LA, Roubeau O, Cirera J, Soto-Cerrato V, Pérez-Tomás R, Martínez M, Grabulosa A, Gamez P. Piano-Stool Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Delayed Cytotoxic Activity: Origin of the Lag Time. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7974-7990. [PMID: 33979132 PMCID: PMC8659375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
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We have recently reported a series
of piano-stool ruthenium(II)
complexes of the general formula [RuCl2(η6-arene)(P(1-pyrenyl)R2R3)] showing excellent
cytotoxic activities (particularly when R2 = R3 = methyl). In the present study, new members of this family of compounds
have been prepared with the objective to investigate the effect of
the steric hindrance of a bulky phosphane ligand, namely diisopropyl(1-pyrenyl)phosphane
(L), on exchange reactions involving the coordinated
halides (X = Cl, I). Two η6-arene rings were used,
i.e. η6-methyl benzoate (mba) and η6-p-cymene (p-cym), and four complexes
were synthesized, namely [RuCl2(mba)(L)] (1Cl2iPr), [RuI2(mba)(L)] (1I2iPr), [RuCl2(p-cym)(L)] (2Cl2iPr), and [RuI2(p-cym)(L)]
(2I2iPr). Unexpectedly, all of
the complexes exhibited poor cytotoxic activities after 24 h of incubation
with cells, in contrast to the related compounds previously reported.
However, it was observed that aged DMSO solutions of 2I2iPr (from 2 to 7 days) exhibited better activities
in comparison to freshly prepared solutions and that the activity
improved over “aging” time. Thorough studies were therefore
performed to uncover the origin of this lag time in the cytotoxicity
efficiency. The data achieved clearly demonstrated that compounds 2I2iPr and 2Cl2iPr were undergoing a series of transformation reactions in DMSO (with
higher rates for the iodido complex 2I2iPr), ultimately generating cyclometalated species through a mechanism
involving DMSO as a coordinated proton abstractor. The cyclometalated
complexes detected in solution were subsequently prepared; hence,
pure [RuCl(p-cym)(κ2C-diisopropyl(1-pyrenyl)phosphane)] (3CliPr), [RuI(p-cym)(κ2C-diisopropyl(1-pyrenyl)phosphane)]
(3IiPr), and [Ru(p-cym)(κS-dmso)(κ2C-diisopropyl(1-pyrenyl)phosphane)]PF6 (3dmsoiPr) were synthesized and fully
characterized. Remarkably, 3CliPr, 3IiPr, and 3dmsoiPr are all very efficient cytotoxic agents,
exhibiting slightly better activities in comparison to the chlorido
noncyclometalated complexes [RuCl2(η6-arene)(P(1-pyrenyl)R2R3)] described in an earlier report. For comparison
purposes, the iodido compounds [RuI2(mba)(dimethyl(1-pyrenyl)phosphane)]
(1I2Me) and [RuI2(p-cym)(dimethyl(1-pyrenyl)phosphane)] (2I2Me), bearing the less hindered dimethyl(1-pyrenyl)phosphane ligand,
have also been prepared. The cytotoxic and chemical behaviors of 1I2Me and 1I2Me were comparable to those of their chlorido counterparts reported
previously. DMSO gradually converts half-sandwich,
1-pyrenyl-containing
ruthenium(II) complexes into cyclometalated species showing notable
cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Rafols
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dana Josa
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Aguilà
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leoní A Barrios
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Roubeau
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jordi Cirera
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca de Química Teórica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Soto-Cerrato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Campus Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain.,Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Tomás
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Campus Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain.,Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnald Grabulosa
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick Gamez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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