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Wei Z, Yang S, Lei J, Guo K, Yuan H, Ming M, Du J, Han Z. Pyridinethiolate-Capped CdSe Quantum Dots for Red-Light-Driven H 2 Production in Water. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401475. [PMID: 38888382 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of low-energy sunlight to produce renewable fuels is a subject of great interest. Here we report the first example of metal chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs) capped with a pyridinethiolate carboxylic acid (pyS-COOH) for red-light-driven H2 production in water. The precious-metal-free system is robust over 240 h, and achieves a turnover number (TON) of 43910±305 (vs Ni) with a rate of 31570±1690 μmol g-1 h-1 for hydrogen production. In contrast to the inactive QDs capped with other thiolate ligands, the CdSe-pyS-COOH QDs give a significantly higher singlet oxygen quantum yield [ΦΔ (1O2)] in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuting Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxiang Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Ming
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehao Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiji Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
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Gamache MT, Gehring B, Hanan GS, Kurth DG. Spectro-electrochemical study of iron and ruthenium bis-terpyridine complexes with methyl viologen-like subunits as models for supramolecular polymers. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:13151-13159. [PMID: 39041831 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00974f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolytes (MEPE) have a variety of attractive properties concerning electrochromism, spin-crossover, rheology, and cell differentiation. Previous studies suggest that these polynuclear structures can be regarded as an assembly of individual subunits and mononuclear complexes can act as models. In this study, we synthesize a monotopic and a ditopic terpyridine ligand with pyridinium units as well as the corresponding iron and ruthenium MEPEs and their mononuclear counterparts. UV-vis studies show that the mononuclear complexes have similar absorption properties to MEPEs. Furthermore, all complexes and MEPEs exhibit electrochromic behavior. Yet only the MEPEs can be deposited on different substrates using a layer-by-layer approach which makes them attractive for applications as electrochromic devices. However, the low solubility particularly of the ruthenium MEPE, renders characterization in solution impractical. Hence, the use of mononuclear complexes with similar monotopic ligands as presented herein can act as a first instance to evaluate the properties of corresponding MEPEs, facilitating the development of metallo-supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira T Gamache
- Chemische Technologie der Materialsynthese, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V-03B, Canada
| | - Benjamin Gehring
- Chemische Technologie der Materialsynthese, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Garry S Hanan
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V-03B, Canada
| | - Dirk G Kurth
- Chemische Technologie der Materialsynthese, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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Schade AH, Mei L. Applications of red light photoredox catalysis in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2472-2485. [PMID: 36880439 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has emerged as an efficient and versatile approach for developing novel synthetic methodologies. Particularly, red light photocatalysis has attracted more attention due to its intrinsic advantages of low energy, few health risks, few side reactions, and high penetration depth through various media. Impressive progress has been made in this field. In this review, we outline the applications of different photoredox catalysts in a wide range of red light-mediated reactions including direct red light photoredox catalysis, red light photoredox catalysis through upconversion, and dual red light photoredox catalysis. Due to the similarities between near-infrared (NIR) and red light, an overview of NIR-induced reactions is also presented. Lastly, current evidence showing the advantages of red light and NIR photoredox catalysis is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Schade
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
| | - Liangyong Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
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Glaser F, Wenger OS. Red Light-Based Dual Photoredox Strategy Resembling the Z-Scheme of Natural Photosynthesis. JACS AU 2022; 2:1488-1503. [PMID: 35783177 PMCID: PMC9241018 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis typically relies on the use of single chromophores, whereas strategies, in which two different light absorbers are combined, are rare. In photosystems I and II of green plants, the two separate chromophores P680 and P700 both absorb light independently of one another, and then their excitation energy is combined in the so-called Z-scheme, to drive an overall reaction that is thermodynamically very demanding. Here, we adapt this concept to perform photoredox reactions on organic substrates with the combined energy input of two red photons instead of blue or UV light. Specifically, a CuI bis(α-diimine) complex in combination with in situ formed 9,10-dicyanoanthracenyl radical anion in the presence of excess diisopropylethylamine catalyzes ca. 50 dehalogenation and detosylation reactions. This dual photoredox approach seems useful because red light is less damaging and has a greater penetration depth than blue or UV radiation. UV-vis transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the subtle change in solvent from acetonitrile to acetone induces a changeover in the reaction mechanism, involving either a dominant photoinduced electron transfer or a dominant triplet-triplet energy transfer pathway. Our study illustrates the mechanistic complexity in systems operating under multiphotonic excitation conditions, and it provides insights into how the competition between desirable and unwanted reaction steps can become more controllable.
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Yu X, Gao F, Zhao W, Lai H, Wei L, Yang C, Wu W. BODIPY-conjugated bis-terpyridine Ru(II) complexes showing ultra-long luminescence lifetimes and applications to triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9314-9322. [PMID: 35670531 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01373h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The poor excited-state properties of bis-terpyridine Ru(II) complexes have significantly limited the applications of these complexes as sensitizers in photocatalysis and triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. In the present work, two novel ruthenium bis-terpyridine complexes (Ru-1 and Ru-2) conjugated with visible-light-harvesting bodipy chromophores were synthesized. These complexes showed strong absorption of visible light, the bodipy-localized intraligand triplet state (3IL) was efficiently populated, and the phosphorescence of bodipy at room temperature in both complexes was observed. The luminescence lifetimes of these complexes were significantly prolonged, with that of the heteroleptic complex Ru-2 prolonged to 37.9 μs and that of the homoleptic bis-terpyridine complex Ru-1 unprecedentedly prolonged to 356 μs, which was hundreds of times longer than the current longest emissive state achieved in ruthenium terpyridine complexes. The ultra-long triplet lifetimes and strong visible-light absorbing ability made them new candidates of triplet sensitizers, and were first applied to TTA-UC for terpyridine Ru(II) complexes with a Ru-1/Py system showing a ΦUC of 2.93% in dilute solutions at concentrations as low as 1.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingke Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Fanrui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Weiyi Zhao
- Sichuan University-Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongxia Lai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Lingling Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Remarkably flexible 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridines and their group 8–10 transition metal complexes – Chemistry and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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De Kreijger S, Schott O, Troian-Gautier L, Cauët E, Hanan GS, Elias B. Red Absorbing Cyclometalated Ir(III) Diimine Photosensitizers Competent for Hydrogen Photocatalysis. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5245-5254. [PMID: 35325530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two new cyclometalated Ir(III) diimine complexes were used as photosensitizers for homogeneous hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). These complexes were characterized by electrochemistry, ultraviolet-visible absorption, time-resolved and steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as by theoretical methods. The metal-ligand-to-ligand charge transfer character of their lowest excited state was shown to be competent for efficient H2 photoproduction in the presence of [Co(dmgH)2(py)Cl] as the hydrogen evolution catalyst, triethanolamine as the sacrificial electron donor, and HBF4 as the proton source. Under optimized experimental conditions, both complexes displayed HER over a period of more than 90 h, with turnover numbers reaching up to 11,650, 10,600, and 174 molH2 molPS-1 under blue-, green-, and red-light irradiation, respectively. Both complexes showed higher stability and efficiency vs HER than most of the previously described systems of the same kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon De Kreijger
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Olivier Schott
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal (Québec) H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Emilie Cauët
- Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Garry S Hanan
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal (Québec) H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
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DiLuzio S, Connell TU, Mdluli V, Kowalewski JF, Bernhard S. Understanding Ir(III) Photocatalyst Structure-Activity Relationships: A Highly Parallelized Study of Light-Driven Metal Reduction Processes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1431-1444. [PMID: 35025486 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput synthesis and screening methods were used to measure the photochemical activity of 1440 distinct heteroleptic [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]+ complexes for the photoreduction of Sn(II) and Zn(II) cations to their corresponding neutral metals. Kinetic data collection was carried out using home-built photoreactors and measured initial rates, obtained through an automated fitting algorithm, spanned between 0-120 μM/s for Sn(0) deposition and 0-90 μM/s for Zn(0) deposition. Photochemical reactivity was compared to photophysical properties previously measured such as deaerated excited state lifetime and emission spectral data for these same complexes; however, no clear correlations among these features were observed. A formal photochemical rate law was then developed to help elucidate the observed reactivity. Initial rates were found to be directly correlated to the product of incident photon flux with three reaction elementary efficiencies: (1) the fraction of light absorbed by the photocatalyst, (2) the fraction of excited state species that are quenched by the electron donor, and (3) the cage escape efficiency. The most active catalysts exhibit high efficiencies for all three steps, and catalyst engineering requirements to maximize these elementary efficiencies were postulated. The kinetic treatment provided the mechanistic information needed to decipher the observed structure/function trends in the high-throughput work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen DiLuzio
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Timothy U Connell
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Velabo Mdluli
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jakub F Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Stefan Bernhard
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Jiao YP, Shi HY, Zhou WY, Jia AQ, Zhang QF. Syntheses and photocatalytic properties of ruthenium(II) complexes with ferrocenyl-functionalised enaminonate ligands. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gamache MT, Auvray T, Kurth DG, Hanan GS. Dinuclear 2,4-di(pyridin-2-yl)-pyrimidine based ruthenium photosensitizers for hydrogen photo-evolution under red light. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16528-16538. [PMID: 34698748 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00868d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report two dinuclear Ru(II) complexes C1 and C2 and compare them to their mononuclear analogues Ref1 and Ref2. The dinuclear species exhibit a much stronger absorption, longer excited-state lifetimes and higher luminescence quantum yields than the mononuclear complexes. In addition, C1 and C2 are easier to reduce. An estimation of the driving forces for the electron transfer processes relevant to photocatalytic hydrogen evolution suggests that C1 and Ref2 possess similar activity as photosensitizer (PS). Yet, the improved photophysical properties of C1 make it a more promising candidate for hydrogen evolution. In hydrogen evolution experiments, C1 indeed exhibits increased activity as PS, however, the catalytic system loses its activity after only a few hours. C2 is less active than the mononuclear complexes despite its superior photophysical properties. This observation is attributed to a lack of driving force for the electron transfer towards the catalyst. Further studies of the dinuclear complex C1 show that it is indeed the PS, which decomposes under the catalytic conditions, presumably due to the electron transfer towards the catalyst being the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira T Gamache
- Chemische Technologie der Materialsynthese, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.,Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V-03B, Canada
| | - Thomas Auvray
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V-03B, Canada
| | - Dirk G Kurth
- Chemische Technologie der Materialsynthese, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Garry S Hanan
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V-03B, Canada
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Rupp MT, Shevchenko N, Hanan GS, Kurth DG. Enhancing the photophysical properties of Ru(II) complexes by specific design of tridentate ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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