1
|
Kim H, Yu NK, Tian N, Medford AJ. Assessing Exchange-Correlation Functionals for Heterogeneous Catalysis of Nitrogen Species. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:11159-11175. [PMID: 39015419 PMCID: PMC11247500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Increasing interest in the sustainable synthesis of ammonia, nitrates, and urea has led to an increase in studies of catalytic conversion between nitrogen-containing compounds using heterogeneous catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) is commonly employed to obtain molecular-scale insight into these reactions, but there have been relatively few assessments of the exchange-correlation functionals that are best suited for heterogeneous catalysis of nitrogen compounds. Here, we assess a range of functionals ranging from the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to the random phase approximation (RPA) for the formation energies of gas-phase nitrogen species, the lattice constants of representative solids from several common classes of catalysts (metals, oxides, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)), and the adsorption energies of a range of nitrogen-containing intermediates on these materials. The results reveal that the choice of exchange-correlation functional and van der Waals correction can have a surprisingly large effect and that increasing the level of theory does not always improve the accuracy for nitrogen-containing compounds. This suggests that the selection of functionals should be carefully evaluated on the basis of the specific reaction and material being studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Neung-Kyung Yu
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Nianhan Tian
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Andrew J. Medford
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al-Ithawi WKA, Aluru R, Baklykov AV, Khasanov AF, Kovalev IS, Nikonov IL, Kopchuk DS, Novikov AS, Santra S, Zyryanov GV, Ranu BC. Mechanosynthesis of Polyureas and Studies of Their Responses to Anions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4160. [PMID: 37896404 PMCID: PMC10611254 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyureas (PUs) have already found wide practical applications, and various methods of their synthesis have been reported. In this manuscript, we wished to report the very first mechanochemical approach towards aromatic PUs via reactions between isomeric 2,2'-, 3,3'-, and 4,4'-diaminobiphenyls and triphosgene under solvent-free conditions following ball-milling. By using this synthetic approach, both PUs and azomethine-capped Pus were obtained. The fluorescence response of the above-mentioned PUs towards various anions in solutions were studied and selective fluorescence responses towards the hydroxyl and fluoride anions were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wahab K. A. Al-Ithawi
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
- Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Rammohan Aluru
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Artem V. Baklykov
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia;
| | - Albert F. Khasanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Igor S. Kovalev
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Igor L. Nikonov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia;
| | - Dmitry S. Kopchuk
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia;
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia;
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Sougata Santra
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia;
| | - Brindaban C. Ranu
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dar MA. Implications of the Pore Size of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Monolayers on the Selectivity of Dual-Boron Atom Catalysts for the Reduction of N 2 to Urea and Ammonia: A Computational Investigation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13672-13679. [PMID: 37555942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation of urea by electrocatalytic means remains a great challenge due to the lack of a suitable catalyst that is capable of not only activating inert N2 and CO2 molecules but also circumventing the complexity associated with subsequent reaction steps leading to urea formation. Herein, by means of comprehensive density functional theory simulations, we investigate the catalytic activity of highly stable transition-metal-free dual-boron atom-doped graphitic carbon-nitride monolayers with different pore sizes toward urea production under ambient conditions. As per the results, dual boron atoms impregnated in g-C2N and g-C6N6 monolayers with large pore diameters can successfully activate the N2 molecule and lead to the spontaneous formation of the *NCO*N intermediate, which is the most crucial step for urea formation via direct coupling of N2 and CO2. Interestingly, the B2@g-C2N and B2@g-C6N6 favor urea production with low limiting potentials of -1.11 and -1.18 V compared to very high limiting potentials of -1.71 and -1.88 V, respectively, for ammonia synthesis, leading to an almost 100% Faradaic efficiency for urea formation over ammonia. The dual-boron doping in g-C3N4 with a smaller pore size depicts comparatively weaker N2 adsorption than g-C2N and g-C6N6 counterparts. Further, B2@g-C3N4 prefers ammonia formation at a very low limiting potential of -0.40 V compared to a very high limiting potential of -2.11 V for urea formation. Thus, our findings clearly highlight the critical role played by the pore size of carbon-nitride monolayers in tuning the reactivity and catalytic activity of dual-boron atom catalysts toward urea formation in a selective manner, thereby providing valuable guidance in exploring other highly efficient urea catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Ahmad Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora 192122, Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ding J, Ye R, Fu Y, He Y, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhong Q, Kung HH, Fan M. Direct synthesis of urea from carbon dioxide and ammonia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4586. [PMID: 37524739 PMCID: PMC10390537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Runping Ye
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yanghe Fu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Yiming He
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
- Department of Materials Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Ye Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Yulong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, PR China
| | - Qin Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Harold H Kung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Maohong Fan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roy P, Pramanik A, Sarkar P. Dual-Silicon-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Sheet: An Efficient Metal-Free Electrocatalyst for Urea Synthesis. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10837-10844. [PMID: 34726413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Searching for an alternative nonhazardous catalyst for direct urea synthesis that avoids the traditional route of NH3 synthesis followed by CO2 addition is a challenging field of research nowadays. Based on first-principles calculations, we herein propose a novel electrocatalyst comprising of totally nonmetal earth abundant elements (dual-Si doped g-C6N6 sheet) which is capable of activating N2 and making it susceptible toward direct insertion of CO into the N-N bond, producing *NCON* which is the precursor for urea production by direct coupling of N2 and CO2 followed by multiple proton coupled electron transfer processes. Remarkably, the calculated onset potential for urea production is much less than that of NH3 synthesis and hydrogen evolution reactions, and also the faradaic efficiency is nearly 100% for production urea over ammonia, which promotes exclusive electrocatalytic urea synthesis by suppressing the NH3 synthesis as well as hydrogen evolution reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prodyut Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan-731235, India
| | - Anup Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia-723104, India
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan-731235, India
| |
Collapse
|