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Ballinas-Indilí R, Sánchez Vergara ME, Rosales-Amezcua SC, Hernández Méndez JA, López-Mayorga B, Miranda-Ruvalcaba R, Álvarez-Toledano C. Synthesis of New Ruthenium Complexes and Their Exploratory Study as Polymer Hybrid Composites in Organic Electronics. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1338. [PMID: 38794531 PMCID: PMC11125087 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric hybrid films, for their application in organic electronics, were produced from new ruthenium indanones in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by the drop-casting procedure. Initially, the synthesis and structural characterization of the ruthenium complexes were performed, and subsequently, their properties as a potential semiconductor material were explored. Hence hybrid films in ruthenium complexes were deposited using PMMA as a polymeric matrix. The hybrid films were characterized by infrared spectrophotometry and atomic force microscopy. The obtained results confirmed that the presence of the ruthenium complexes enhanced the mechanical properties in addition to increasing the transmittance, favoring the determination of their optical parameters. Both hybrid films exhibited a maximum stress around 10.5 MPa and a Knoop hardness between 2.1 and 18.4. Regarding the optical parameters, the maximum transparency was obtained at wavelengths greater than 590 nm, the optical band gap was in the range of 1.73-2.24 eV, while the Tauc band gap was in the range of 1.68-2.17 eV, and the Urbach energy was between 0.29 and 0.50 eV. Consequently, the above comments are indicative of an adequate semiconductor behavior; hence, the target polymeric hybrid films must be welcomed as convenient candidates as active layers or transparent electrodes in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ballinas-Indilí
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Campo 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida 1o de Mayo s/n, Colonia Santa María las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico (R.M.-R.)
| | - María Elena Sánchez Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Av. Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Saulo C. Rosales-Amezcua
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, México City 04510, Mexico (C.Á.-T.)
| | - Joaquín André Hernández Méndez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Av. Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Byron López-Mayorga
- Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, 11 avenida, Ciudad de Guatemala 01012, Guatemala;
| | - René Miranda-Ruvalcaba
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Campo 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida 1o de Mayo s/n, Colonia Santa María las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico (R.M.-R.)
| | - Cecilio Álvarez-Toledano
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, México City 04510, Mexico (C.Á.-T.)
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Park J, Kim M, Choi J, Lee S, Kim J, Han D, Jang H, Park M. Recent Progress in High-voltage Aqueous Zinc-based Hybrid Redox Flow Batteries. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201052. [PMID: 36479849 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The energy density of redox flow batteries (RFBs) is generally affected by the standard electrode potential and the solubility of the redox active species. These crucial factors are closely related to the solvent in which the active materials are dissolved. Aqueous RFBs have been widely studied due to their excellent reaction kinetics and high solubility of the redox couple in aqueous media. However, the low voltage of conventional aqueous RFBs has hindered them from being candidates for practical applications. Recently, high-voltage aqueous RFBs are implemented based on the low negative potential of the Zn/[Zn(OH)4 ]2- reaction in an alkaline solution. Here, we review recent progress in the design of high energy density RFBs in both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes, notably focusing on the Zn/MnO2 hybrid RFBs in detail. Furthermore, strategies for inhibiting zinc dendritic growth and stabilizing manganese redox couple in the RFBs system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Park
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, 50, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, 50, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyeong Choi
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, 50, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobeom Lee
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, 50, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Kim
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, 50, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Duho Han
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, 50, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Jang
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, 50, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoon Park
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, 50, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Research Center of Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2 Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Zheng X, Wang Y, Xu Y, Ahmad T, Yuan Y, Sun J, Luo R, Wang M, Chuai M, Chen N, Jiang T, Liu S, Chen W. Boosting Electrolytic MnO 2-Zn Batteries by a Bromine Mediator. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8863-8871. [PMID: 34633819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An aqueous electrolytic MnO2-Zn battery with eye-catching Mn2+/MnO2 cathode chemistry has been attracting immense interest for next-generation energy storage devices due to its irreplaceable advantages. However, the limited MnO2 conductivity restricts its long service life at high areal capacities. Here, we report a high-performance electrolytic MnO2-Zn battery via a bromine redox mediator, to enhance its electrochemical performance. The MnO2/Br2-Zn battery displays a high discharge voltage of 1.98 V with a capacity of ∼5.8 mAh cm-2. It also shows an excellent rate performance of 20 C with a long-term stability of over 600 cycles. Furthermore, the scaled-up MnO2/Br2-Zn battery with a capacity of ∼950 mAh exhibits a stable 100 cycles with a practical cell energy density of ∼32.4 Wh kg-1 and an attractively low energy cost of below 15 US$ kWh-1. The design approach can be generalized to other electrodes and battery systems, thus opening up new possibilities for large-scale energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- National Center for Material Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Touqeer Ahmad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifei Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihao Luo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Chuai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Taoli Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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