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Marwitz A, Dutta AK, Conner RL, Sanz LA, Jacobsohn LG, Knope KE. Unlocking Arene Phosphorescence in Bismuth-Organic Materials. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11053-11062. [PMID: 38823026 PMCID: PMC11186004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Three novel bismuth-organic compounds, with the general formula [Bi2(HPDC)2(PDC)2]·(arene)·2H2O (H2PDC = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid; arene = pyrene, naphthalene, and azulene), that consist of neutral dinuclear Bi-pyridinedicarboxylate complexes and outer coordination sphere arene molecules were synthesized and structurally characterized. The structures of all three phases exhibit strong π-π stacking interactions between the Bi-bound PDC/HPDC and outer sphere organic molecules; these interactions effectively sandwich the arene molecules between bismuth complexes and thereby prevent molecular vibrations. Upon UV irradiation, the compounds containing pyrene and naphthalene displayed red and green emission, respectively, with quantum yields of 1.3(2) and 30.8(4)%. The emission was found to originate from the T1 → S0 transition of the corresponding arene and result in phosphorescence characteristic of the arene employed. By comparison, the azulene-containing compound displayed very weak blue-purple phosphorescence of unknown origin and is a rare example of T2 → S0 emission from azulene. The pyrene- and naphthalene-containing compounds both display radioluminescence, with intensities of 11 and 38% relative to bismuth germanate, respectively. Collectively, these results provide further insights into the structure-property relationships that underpin luminescence from Bi-based materials and highlight the utility of Bi-organic molecules in the realization of organic emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
C. Marwitz
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States of America
| | - Anuj K. Dutta
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States of America
| | - Robin L. Conner
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson
University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States of America
| | - Lulio A. Sanz
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States of America
| | - Luiz G. Jacobsohn
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson
University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States of America
| | - Karah E. Knope
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States of America
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2
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Bhatia H, Guo J, Savory CN, Rush M, James DI, Dey A, Chen C, Bučar DK, Clarke TM, Scanlon DO, Palgrave RG, Schroeder BC. Exploring Bismuth Coordination Complexes as Visible-Light Absorbers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Properties. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:416-430. [PMID: 38101319 PMCID: PMC10777407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth-based coordination complexes are advantageous over other metal complexes, as bismuth is the heaviest nontoxic element with high spin-orbit coupling and potential optoelectronics applications. Herein, four bismuth halide-based coordination complexes [Bi2Cl6(phen-thio)2] (1), [Bi2Br6(phen-thio)2] (2), [Bi2I6(phen-thio)2] (3), and [Bi2I6(phen-Me)2] (4) were synthesized, characterized, and subjected to detailed photophysical studies. The complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, and NMR studies. Spectroscopic analyses of 1-4 in solutions of different polarities were performed to understand the role of the organic and inorganic components in determining the ground- and excited-state properties of the complexes. The photophysical properties of the complexes were characterized by ground-state absorption, steady-state photoluminescence, microsecond time-resolved photoluminescence, and absorption spectroscopy. Periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on the solid-state structures to understand the role of the organic and inorganic parts of the complexes. The studies showed that changing the ancillary ligand from chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br) to iodine (I) bathochromically shifts the absorption band along with enhancing the absorption coefficient. Also, changing the halides (Cl, Br to I) affects the photoluminescent quantum yields of the ligand-centered (LC) emissive state without markedly affecting the lifetimes. The combined results confirmed that ground-state properties are strongly influenced by the inorganic part, and the lower-energy excited state is LC. This study paves the way to design novel bismuth coordination complexes for optoelectronic applications by rigorously choosing the ligands and bismuth salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Bhatia
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Junjun Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher N. Savory
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Thomas
Young Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Rush
- Polysolar
Ltd, High Cross, Aurora Cambridge at BAS, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United
Kingdom
| | - David Ian James
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blount’s Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Avishek Dey
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dejan-Krešimir Bučar
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey M. Clarke
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - David O. Scanlon
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Thomas
Young Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11
0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G. Palgrave
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bob C. Schroeder
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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Marwitz A, Dutta AK, McDonald MA, Knope KE. Efficient Europium Sensitization via Low-Level Doping in a 2-D Bismuth-Organic Coordination Polymer. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:3330-3337. [PMID: 38510753 PMCID: PMC10950293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
A new bismuth-organic compound containing 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC) was synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure consists of 2-D {Bi(phen)(HPDC)(PDC)}n sheets wherein the PDC ligands bridge metal centers via three unique bonding modes. The 2-D sheets are further connected through strong hydrogen-bonding interactions to form a 3-D supramolecular network. The parent compound displayed yellow photoluminescence in the solid state at room temperature. Doping studies were undertaken to incorporate Eu3+ into the structure, statistically replacing Bi3+ in small quantities (1, 5, and 10 mol % Eu3+ relative to Bi3+). All three compounds displayed characteristic Eu3+ emission, with total quantum yields as high as 16.0% and sensitization efficiencies between 0.21 and 0.37 depending on the Eu3+ doping percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
C. Marwitz
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Anuj K. Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Morgan A. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Karah E. Knope
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
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4
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Birnthaler D, Narobe R, Lopez-Berguno E, Haag C, König B. Synthetic Application of Bismuth LMCT Photocatalysis in Radical Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Birnthaler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rok Narobe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eliseo Lopez-Berguno
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Haag
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Synthesis, Structure and Photoluminescence Properties of Cd and Cd-Ln Pentafluorobenzoates with 2,2′:6′,2′-Terpyridine Derivatives. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new complexes [Cd(tpy)(pfb)2] (1, tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine), [Ln2Cd2(tpy)2(pfb)10] (Ln = Eu (2Eu), Tb (2Tb)), [Ln2Cd2(tbtpy)2(pfb)10]·2MeCN (Ln = Eu (3Eu), Tb (3Tb), tbtpy = 4,4′,4″-tri-tert-butyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine), [Eu2Cd2(tppz)(pfb)10]n (4, tppz = 2,3,5,6-tetra-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine) based on pentafluorobenzoic acid (Hpfb) have been prepared and investigated. The effect of tridentate ligands on geometry heterometallic scaffolds synthesized complexes is discussed. The supramolecular crystal structures of the new compounds are stabilized by π-π, C-F···π, C-H···O, C-H...F, F….F interactions. Non-covalent interactions have been studied using Hirschfeld surface analysis. The obtained compounds were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, luminescence spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, CHN analysis. Complexes 2Ln and 3Ln exhibit metal-centered photoluminescence, but the presence of ligand luminescence bands indicates incomplete energy transfer from the d-block to the lanthanide ion.
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Marwitz AC, Nicholas AD, Breuer LM, Bertke JA, Knope KE. Harnessing Bismuth Coordination Chemistry to Achieve Bright, Long-Lived Organic Phosphorescence. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16840-16851. [PMID: 34628857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new bismuth(III)-organic compound, Hphen[Bi2(HPDC)2(PDC)2(NO3)]·4H2O (Bi-1; PDC = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), was synthesized, and the structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound was found to display bright-blue-green phosphorescence in the solid state under UV irradiation, with a luminescent lifetime of 1.776 ms at room temperature. The room temperature and low-temperature (77 K) emission spectra exhibited the vibronic structure characteristic of Hphen phosphorescence. Time-dependent density functional theory studies showed that the excitation pathway arises from an energy transfer from the dimeric structural unit to Hphen, with participation from a nine-coordinate Bi center. The triplet state of Hphen is believed to be stabilized via supramolecular interactions, which, when coupled with the heavy-atom effect induced by Bi, leads to the observed long-lived luminescence. The compound displayed a solid-state quantum yield of over 27%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such compound to exhibit phenanthrolinium phosphorescence with such long-lived, room temperature lifetimes in the solid state. To further elucidate the energy-transfer mechanism, Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Tb, Sm) ions were successfully doped into the parent compound, and the resulting materials exhibited dual emission from Hphen and Ln, promoting tunability of the emission color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Marwitz
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Aaron D Nicholas
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Leticia M Breuer
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Jeffery A Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Karah E Knope
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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Adcock AK, Marwitz AC, Sanz LA, Lee Ayscue R, Bertke JA, Knope KE. Synthesis, structural characterization, and luminescence properties of heteroleptic bismuth-organic compounds. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01242h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and photoluminescent properties of four bismuth-organic compounds, their lanthanide doped analogs, and an isostructural europium complex are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa K. Adcock
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - Alexander C. Marwitz
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - Lulio A. Sanz
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - R. Lee Ayscue
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - Karah E. Knope
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
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