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Barthélemy A, Scherer H, Weller H, Krossing I. On the Synthesis and Structure of 'Naked' Ga(I) and In(I) Salts and the Surprising Stability of Simple Ga(I) and In(I) Salts in the Coordinating Solvents Ether and Acetonitrile. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400897. [PMID: 38597591 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present the solid-state structures of solvent-free Ga[pf] and In[pf] salts ([pf]-=[Al(ORF)4]-; RF=C(CF3)3), which are very rare examples of salts with truly 'naked' metal cations. Both salts may serve as starting materials for subvalent gallium and indium chemistry with very weakly coordinating ligands providing the freedom of choice for solvents and ligands for the future. On the other hand, we report and rationalize the formation and isolation of [M(OEt2)2][pf] and [M(MeCN)2][pf] (M=Ga, In), underlining the surprising stability of these subvalent group 13 M+ ions against disproportionation. Unexpectedly, dicoordinate and carbene analogous [M(L)2]+ ions with the [pf]- counterion are stable in L=acetonitrile and diethyl ether at room temperature, opening up possible applications for example in organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Barthélemy
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Weller
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Fetrow T, Cashman BK, Carpenter SH, Janicke MT, Anderson NH, Klamm BE, Mason HE, Tondreau AM. Oxidative Dissolution of Lanthanide Metals Ce and Ho in Molten GaCl 3. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9385-9389. [PMID: 37851526 PMCID: PMC11135323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Gallium trichloride (GaCl3) was used as a solvent for the oxidative dissolution of the lanthanide (Ln) metals cerium (Ce) and holmium (Ho). Reactions were performed at temperatures above 100 °C in sealed vessels to maintain the liquid phase for GaCl3 during the oxidizing reactions. The best results were obtained from reactions using 8 equiv of GaCl3 to metal where the inorganic complexes [Ga][Ln(GaCl4)4] [Ln = Ce (1), Ho (2)] could be isolated. Recrystallization of 1 and 2 employing fluorobenzene (C6H5F) produced [Ga(η6-C6H5F)2][Ln(GaCl4)4] [Ln = Ce (3), Ho (4)] where reversible η6 coordination of C6H5F to [Ga]+ was observed. All complexes were characterized through elemental analysis (F and Cl), IR and UV-vis-near-IR spectroscopies, and both solution and solid-state NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor
V. Fetrow
- Pit
Technologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Brenna K. Cashman
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stephanie H. Carpenter
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Michael T. Janicke
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Nickolas H. Anderson
- Pit
Technologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Bonnie E. Klamm
- Pit
Technologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Harris E. Mason
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Aaron M. Tondreau
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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3
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Sucena SF, Demirer TI, Baitullina A, Hagenbach A, Grewe J, Spreckelmeyer S, März J, Barkleit A, Maia PIDS, Nguyen HH, Abram U. Gold-Based Coronands as Hosts for M 3+ Metal Ions: Ring Size Matters. Molecules 2023; 28:5421. [PMID: 37513293 PMCID: PMC10385047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The controlled, self-assembled synthesis of multinuclear coordination compounds can be performed via different approaches. Frequently, steric, geometric and/or electronic factors located at the ligand systems predefine the way in which metal ions can assemble them to large aggregates. For the compounds in the present paper, also the Pearson's acidities and preferred coordination geometries of the metal ions were used as organization principles. The ligand under study, 2,6-dipicolinoylbis(N,N-diethylthiourea), H2L1ethyl, possesses 'soft' sulfur and 'hard' nitrogen and oxygen donors. One-pot reactions of this compound with [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) and M3+ salts (M = Sc, Y, La, Ln, Ga, In) give products with gold-based {Au3(L1ethyl)3}3+ or {Au2(L1ethyl)2}2+ coronands, which host central M3+ ions. The formation of such units is templated by the M3+ ions and the individual size of the coronand rings is dependent on the ionic radii of the central ions in a way that small ions such as Ga3+ form a [Ga⊂{Au2(L1ethyl)2}]+ assembly, while larger ions (starting from Sc3+/In3+) establish neutral [M⊂{Au3(L1ethyl)3}] units with nine-coordinate central ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Ferreira Sucena
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Türkan Ilgin Demirer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Baitullina
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adelheid Hagenbach
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Grewe
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Spreckelmeyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane März
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Astrid Barkleit
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pedro Ivo da Silva Maia
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Compostos Bioativos (NDCBio), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Av. Dr. Randolfo Borges 1400, Uberaba 38025-440, MG, Brazil
| | - Hung Huy Nguyen
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, VNU University of Science, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ulrich Abram
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Morris LJ, Mahawar P, Okuda J. Hydroboration and Deoxygenation of CO 2 Mediated by a Gallium(I) Cation. J Org Chem 2022; 88:5090-5096. [PMID: 36413220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydroboration of CO2 to formoxy borane occurs under ambient conditions in acetonitrile using pinacolborane HBpin in the presence of gallium(I) cation [(Me4TACD)Ga][BAr4] (1; Me4TACD = N,N',N″,N'''-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane; Ar = C6H3-3,5-Me2). Slow turnover was accompanied by side reactions including ligand scrambling of HBpin to give BH3(CH3CN) and crystalline B2pin3. When 1 was reacted with CO2 alone, the formation of the gallium(III) carbonato complex [(Me4TACD)Ga(κ2-O2CO)][BAr4] (3) along with CO was observed. This complex was assumed to form via the unstable oxido cation [(Me4TACD)Ga=O]+ (4). Reaction of 1 with N2O in the presence of BPh3 confirmed the formation of the oxido cation, which was spectroscopically characterized as a triphenylborane adduct [(Me4TACD)Ga=O(BPh3)][BAr4] (4·BPh3). CO was also detected when CO2 was reacted with 1 in the presence of HBpin, suggesting that compound 3 may also be formed in initial stages of catalysis. Compound 3 reacts with HBpin to give formoxy borane, borane redistribution products, and an unidentified Me4TACD-containing species 5, which was also observed in "catalytic" runs starting from 1, HBpin, and CO2. Hydroboration of CO2 using HBpin with slow turnover and competitive ligand scrambling was also observed in the presence of gallium(III) hydride dication [(Me4TACD)GaH][BAr4]2 (2), which is unreactive toward CO2 in the absence of HBpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Morris
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pritam Mahawar
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Morris LJ, Ghana P, Rajeshkumar T, Carpentier A, Maron L, Okuda J. Ein Brønsted‐saures Galliumhydrid: Einfache Umwandlung von NNNN‐Makrocyclus‐geträgertem [Ga
I
]
+
in [Ga
III
H]
2+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Morris
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University 52062 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Priyabrata Ghana
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University 52062 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- CNRS INSA UPS UMR 5215 LPCNO Université de Toulouse 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Frankreich
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- CNRS INSA UPS UMR 5215 LPCNO Université de Toulouse 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Frankreich
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRS INSA UPS UMR 5215 LPCNO Université de Toulouse 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Frankreich
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University 52062 Aachen Deutschland
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Morris LJ, Ghana P, Rajeshkumar T, Carpentier A, Maron L, Okuda J. A Brønsted Acidic Gallium Hydride: Facile Interconversion of NNNN-Macrocycle Supported [GaI]+ and [GaIIIH]2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114629. [PMID: 34932267 PMCID: PMC9304309 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Protonolysis of [Cp*M] (M=Ga, In, Tl) with [(Me4TACD)H][BAr4Me] (Me4TACD=N,N′,N′′,N′′′‐tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane; [BAr4Me]−=[B{C6H3‐3,5‐(CH3)2}4]−) provided monovalent salts [(Me4TACD)M][BAr4Me], whereas [Cp*Al]4 yielded trivalent [(Me4TACD)AlH][BAr4Me]2. Protonation of [(Me4TACD)Ga][BAr4Me] with [Et3NH][BAr4Me] gave an unusually acidic (pKa(CH3CN)=24.5) gallium(III) hydride dication [(Me4TACD)GaH][BAr4Me]2. Deprotonation with IMe4 (1,3,4,5‐tetramethyl‐imidazol‐ylidene) returned [(Me4TACD)Ga][BAr4Me]. These reversible processes occur with formal two‐electron oxidation and reduction of gallium. DFT calculations suggest that gallium(I) protonation is facilitated by strong coordination of the tetradentate ligand, which raises the HOMO energy. High nuclear charge of [(Me4TACD)GaH]2+ facilitates hydride‐to‐metal charge transfer during deprotonation. Attempts to prepare a gallium(III) dihydride cation resulted in spontaneous dehydrogenation to [(Me4TACD)Ga]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Morris
- Aachen University of Technology: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52062, Aachen, GERMANY
| | - Priyabrata Ghana
- Aachen University of Technology: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, GERMANY
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Toulouse 3 University: Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, FRANCE
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- Toulouse 3 University: Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, FRANCE
| | - Laurent Maron
- Toulouse 3 University: Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, INSA, UPS, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO,, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, FRANCE
| | - Jun Okuda
- RWTH Aachen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, GERMANY
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