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Fang Z, Li CQ, Yang BP, Duan MH. Na(C 2H 10N 2) 2[Zn 3(PO 4) 2(H 0.5PO 4)] 2: A Short-Wave Ultraviolet Open-Framework Zincophosphate Exhibiting Substantial Optical Dispersion Ability. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:18547-18551. [PMID: 39321341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of short-wave ultraviolet (SUV; λ < 280 nm) transparent phosphates with substantial birefringence is crucial for the advancement of SUV laser industry. Despite their SUV transparency and potential for constructing materials with large birefringence, open-framework (OF) phosphates have rarely been explored for their birefringent properties. Herein, through a systematic exploration in this field, a new ethylenediamine-based OF zincophosphate, Na(C2H10N2)2[Zn3(PO4)2(H0.5PO4)]2 (NEZPO), has been developed. NEZPO exhibits remarkable SUV transparency and significant birefringence (Δn = 0.060 at 546 nm), highlighting the potential for the development of benign SUV crystals within the OF phosphates family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Fang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Chao-Qian Li
- College of Physics and Astronomy, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing-Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Hong Duan
- College of Physics and Astronomy, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
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Li Y, Ok KM. Breaking Boundaries: Giant Ultraviolet Birefringence in Dimension-Reduced Zn-Based Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409336. [PMID: 38923746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Birefringent crystals have essential applications in optical communication areas. Low-dimensional structures with inherited structural anisotropy are potential systems for investigating birefringent materials with large birefringence. In this work, the zero-dimensional (0D) [(p-C5H5NO)2ZnCl2] (1) and [p-C5H6NO]2[ZnCl4] (2) were obtained by introducing the π-conjugated p-C5H5NO (4HP) into the three-dimensional (3D) ZnCl2. Remarkably, 1 exhibits a giant birefringence of 0.482@546 nm, which is the largest among Zn-based ultraviolet (UV) compounds and 160 times that of ZnCl2. According to structural and theoretical calculation analyses, the large optical polarizability, high spatial density, ideal distribution of the [(4HP)2ZnCl2]0 cluster, and the low dimension of 1 result in the dramatically increased birefringence compared to ZnCl2. This work will provide a valid route for accelerating the design and synthesis of compounds with excellent birefringence in low-dimensional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Ok
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
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Shen Y, Ding M, Chen G, Luo Y, Zhao S, Luo J. C 9H 7NBrX (X = Cl, Br, NO 3): Three Excellent Birefringent Crystals with Distinct Optical Anisotropy Regulated by Anions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400549. [PMID: 38726954 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
A large optical anisotropy is the most important parameter of birefringent crystals. Integrating π-conjugated groups with large polarizable anisotropy into target compounds is a common strategy for constructing brilliant birefringent crystals. However, the key problem is to enhance the density of the birefringence-active units and further arrange them parallelly. In this study, three novel birefringent crystals, C9H7NBrX (X = Cl, Br, NO3), are successfully synthesized by introducing a new birefringence-active [C9H7NBr]+ unit. Interestingly, these compounds feature similar layered structures but exhibit different optical anisotropies at 550 nm (0.277 for C9H7NBrCl, 0.328 for C9H7NBrBr, and 0.401 for C9H7NBrNO3) owing to the different anions in them. Particularly, the small trigonal planar NO3 anions perfectly fill the interstices of the π-conjugated [C9H7NBr]+ groups with large optical anisotropy, with the resulting compound C9H7NBrNO3 showing superior optical properties compared to the others. The above findings provide strategies for designing new optical materials with large birefringence by matching birefringence-active groups of different sizes. Additionally, a new theory for predicting and comparing the polarizability anisotropy of compounds is proposed, which would guide in exploring large birefringent crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguo Shen
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Mingliang Ding
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yingjie Luo
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Sangen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
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Li Y, Ok KM. Crystal clear: unveiling giant birefringence in organic-inorganic cocrystals. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10193-10199. [PMID: 38966371 PMCID: PMC11220600 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02569e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Coplanar groups with large anisotropic polarizability are suitable as birefringence-active groups for investigating compounds with significant birefringence. In this study, the organic coplanar raw reagent, o-C5H5NO (4HP), was selected as an individual complement. Utilizing the cocrystal engineering strategy, we successfully designed two cocrystals: [LiNO3·H2O·4HP]·4HP (Li-4HP2) and [Mg(NO3)2·6H2O]·(4HP)2 (Mg-4HP), and one by-product: LiNO3·H2O·4HP (Li-4HP), which were grown using a mild aqua-solution method. The synergy of the coplanar groups of NO3 - and 4HP in the structures resulted in unexpectedly large birefringence values of 0.376-0.522@546 nm. Furthermore, the compounds exhibit large bandgaps (4.08-4.51 eV), short UV cutoff edges (275-278 nm), and favorable growth habits, suggesting their potential as short-wave UV birefringent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Ok
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
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Shen Y, Chen B, Chen H, Luo J. (C 3N 6H 7) 2SbF 5·H 2O Exhibiting Strong Optical Anisotropy from the Optimal Arrangement of π-Conjugated (C 3N 6H 7) + Groups. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14242-14246. [PMID: 36043876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An antimony fluoride melamine birefringent crystal, (C3N6H7)2SbF5·H2O, was obtained by introducing the π-conjugated delocalized melamine and antimony trifluoride via a simple aqueous solution evaporation method. It features one-dimensional parallel [C3N6H7]∞ chains further connected by hydrogen bonds originated from [SbF5]2- groups with lone pairs. The experimental optical band gap (4.74 eV) allows it to be used in the ultraviolet region. The first-principles calculations suggest that (C3N6H7)2SbF5·H2O exhibits a large birefringence (∼0.38@550 nm), which is twice larger than that of the commercial CaCO3 crystal. Therefore, introducing the fluoride into π-conjugated melamine may be a good tactic to obtain birefringent crystals with large optical anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguo Shen
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Liu X, Kang L, Guo R, Lin Z. Two metal-free cyanurate crystals with a large optical birefringence resulting from the combination of π-conjugated units. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17495-17498. [PMID: 34812454 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03500b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the planar π-conjugated (HxC3N3O3)x-3 (x = 0-3) groups, cyanurate crystals have recently become a research hotspot in birefringent materials. Herein, by combining the (HxC3N3O3)x-3 (x = 0-3) group with the (CN3H6)+ cationic group, two metal-free cyanurates, GU(H2C3N3O3) (I) and GU3(H2C3N3O3)3(H3C3N3O3) (II), were obtained by the hydrothermal method. These compounds have wide band gaps (∼5 eV) and a large birefringence (∼0.40@400 nm), demonstrating their potential to be ultraviolet birefringent crystals. Moreover, first-principles calculations indicate that their large birefringence values originated from the synergistic effect of the (CN3H6)+ cations and (HxC3N3O3)x-3 (x = 0-3) groups. These findings provide a new design strategy for exploring low-cost UV birefringent crystals with a large birefringence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Kang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Ruixin Guo
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. .,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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