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Pavoor Veedu A, Kuppusamy S, Mohan AM, Deivasigamani P. Chromogenic probe adhered porous polymer monolith as real-time solid-state sensor for the detection of ultra-trace toxic mercury ions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117399. [PMID: 37838196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The escalating predicament of water pollution has spurred the development of new chromogenic materials for the efficient detection/screening of toxic mercuric (Hg2+) ions. In this study, we report a simple and efficient detection stratagem by infusing a chromogenic ion-receptor (BTDA), i.e., 4-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-N, N-dimethylaniline onto a structurally intertwined meso-/macro-pore polymer template for the target-specific sensing of ultra-trace Hg2+. The structural/surface features of the monolithic polymer template, prepared from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), facilitate voluminous infusion and uniform decoration of ion-receptor molecules across the continuous porous poly(GMA-co-EGDMA) framework, resulting in a solid-state colorimetric sensory system. The bimodal polymer network's intriguing surface and structural morphology of the chromogenic sensor material are interpreted using scanning/transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, optical spectroscopy, surface area, porosity and thermal analysis. The proposed Hg2+ sensor offers a linear response range of 1-150 μg/L, with a detection and quantification limit of 0.29 and 0.97 μg/L, respectively. The poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-BTDA sensor exhibits a quick ion-sensing response (40 s) with distinct color transitions from pastel yellow to olive as a function of increasing Hg2+ concentration. The matrix tolerance studies for the proposed sensory system reveal high selectivity for Hg2+, with a recovery of ≥99.2% in on-site environmental samples. The sensor material exhibits excellent data reproducibility and reliability up to seven cycles of reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Pavoor Veedu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Satheesh Kuppusamy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Akhila Maheswari Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Prabhakaran Deivasigamani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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P V A, Deivasigamani P. Structurally engineered ion-receptor probe immobilized porous polymer platform as reusable solid-state chromogenic sensor for the ultra-trace sensing and recovery of mercury ions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131431. [PMID: 37099907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an efficacious solid-state optical sensor through the synergistic coalescences of an original chromoionophoric probe and a structurally engineered porous polymer monolith for the selective and sensitive colorimetric spotting of ultra-trace toxic mercury ions. The unique properties of the bimodal macro-/meso-pore structured polymer, i.e., poly(AAm-co-EGDMA) monolith, offer voluminous and uniform anchoring of probe molecules, i.e., (Z)-N-phenyl-2-(quinoline-4-yl-methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (PQMHC). The structure/surface features of the sensory system, i.e., surface area, pore dimensions, monolith framework, elemental mapping, and phase composition, were examined by p-XRD, XPS, FT-IR, HR-TEM-SAED, FE-SEM-EDAX, and BET/BJH analysis. The sensor's ion-capturing ability was established through naked eye color transition and UV-Vis-DRS response. The sensor exhibits a strong binding affinity for Hg2+, with a linear signal response in the concentration range of 0-200 μg/L (r2 >0.999), with a detection limit of 0.33 μg/L. The analytical parameters were optimized to facilitate pH-dependent visual sensing of ultra-trace Hg2+ in ≤ 30 s. The sensor exhibits high chemical/physical stability characteristics, with reliable data reproducibility (RSD ≤1.94 %), while testing with natural/synthetic water and cigarette samples. The proposed work offers a cost-effective and reusable naked-eye sensory system for the selective sensing of ultra-trace Hg2+, with potential prospects of commercialization considering their simplicity, viability, and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju P V
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Prabhakaran Deivasigamani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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Qin N, Liu Z, Zhao L, Bao M, Mei X, Li D. Promising instrument-free detections of various analytes using smartphones with Spotxel ® Reader. ANAL SCI 2022; 39:139-148. [PMID: 36460855 PMCID: PMC9718457 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In consideration of the problems related to food safety, environmental pollution, and the spread of infected diseases nowadays, we urgently need testing methods that can be easily performed by common people. Smartphone-based detections are promising for general applications. However, some of these analytical strategies require a combination of accessories and instruments, such as portable electrochemical workstations, mini multi-mode microplate readers, and complex temperature control devices, etc., which are small but still expensive. Herein, we comprehensively introduce a free app (Spotxel® Reader) that can provide accurate data analysis for microplate or parallel-format test sensors without an instrument. By simulating the optical signal of the test samples through a smartphone, the sensing results can be obtained for free. We discuss the detection strategies involved in the reported smartphone-based analyses using Spotxel® Reader. Prospects for the development of this free app for future detection applications are presented. This review aims to popularize free analysis software, so that ordinary people may realize convenient tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyi Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 China
| | - Zirui Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001 China
| | - Lanbin Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengfan Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001 China ,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 China
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Tarasi S, Ramazani A, Morsali A, Hu ML, Ghafghazi S, Tarasi R, Ahmadi Y. Drug Delivery Using Hydrophilic Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Effect of Structure Properties of MOFs on Biological Behavior of Carriers. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13125-13132. [PMID: 35946902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To study the influence of pore structural properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on drug adsorption and delivery, we synthesized two MOF termed TMU-6(RL1) {[Zn(oba)(RL1)0.5]n·(DMF)1.5} and TMU-21(RL2) {[Zn(oba)(RL2)0.5]n·(DMF)1.5} with amine basic N-donor pillars containing phenyl or naphthyl cores with various hydrophilic properties around the main center of the reaction. TG, IR, XPS, and PXRD analyses were used to extensively characterize the MOFs. The synthesized carriers showed high adsorption efficiency, stability, and controlled release. As an anticancer drug, Nimesulide (Nim) was adsorbed to MOFs using multiple adsorption mechanisms, such as Hostπ-πGuest interaction and HostN-H···OGuest hydrogen bonds. Moreover, Hirshfeld surface analysis showed when the benzene core was replaced with the naphthalene core, the percentage of intermolecular interactions of π···π and N···H by amine sites in TMU-21(RL2) decreased compared with TMU-6(RL1), while the percentage of these interactions with guest molecules increased. The results showed that changes in the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity properties of MOFs would alter their ability to adsorb Nim in the pore of the frameworks. In vitro anticancer studies also showed that the cytotoxicity of Nim in MOFs@Nim composites against human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa cells) and human colon cancer cell line (HT-29 cells) is much higher than that of free Nim. Generally, based on the results, it can be said that the biological behavior of carriers can be regulated by adjusting the structure properties of MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Tarasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.,Department of Agronomy, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.,Department of Animal Science, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-175, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Mao-Lin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Shiva Ghafghazi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Tarasi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Yavar Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran 1939614464, Iran
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