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White CM, Zorigt N, Deng T, Driver TG. Iodine(III)-Mediated Oxidation of Anilines to Construct Dibenzazepines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301141. [PMID: 37053500 PMCID: PMC10330268 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of an efficient process that produces bioactive medium-sized N-heterocyclic scaffolds from 2-substituted anilines using either iodosobenzene or (bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo)-benzene is reported. The tether between the sulfonamide and the aryl group can be varied to access dihydroacridine-, dibenzazepine-, or dibenzazocine scaffolds. While substitution on the aniline portion is limited to electron-neutral- or electron-poor groups, a broader range of functional groups are tolerated on the ortho-aryl substituent and site selective C-NAr bond formation can be achieved. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that medium-ring formation occurs via radical reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Margaret White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 W Taylor St. MC 111, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Naranchimeg Zorigt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 W Taylor St. MC 111, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Tianning Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 W Taylor St. MC 111, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Tom G Driver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 W Taylor St. MC 111, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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Maier DIH, Bezuidenhoudt BCB, Marais C. Strategies in the synthesis of dibenzo[ b,f]heteropines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:700-718. [PMID: 37284586 PMCID: PMC10241096 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dibenzo[b,f]azepine skeleton is important in the pharmaceutical industry, not only in terms of existing commercial antidepressants, anxiolytics and anticonvulsants, but also in reengineering for other applications. More recently, the potential of the dibenzo[b,f]azepine moiety in organic light emitting diodes and dye-sensitized solar cell dyes has been recognised, while catalysts and molecular organic frameworks with dibenzo[b,f]azepine derived ligands have also been reported. This review provides a brief overview of the different synthetic strategies to dibenzo[b,f]azepines and other dibenzo[b,f]heteropines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charlene Marais
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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Xu S, Huo Y, Hu X, Wang F, Pan L, Shi X. Cationic Half-Sandwich Tetrahydrofluorenyl Rare-Earth Metal Complexes as Stable Single-Site Catalysts for (Co)Polymerization of Styrene and Butadiene. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4980-4989. [PMID: 36916485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
As indenyl-derivates, the tetrahydrofluorenyl ligands had an expanded "wingspan" with considerable steric hindrance. In this text, the rare-earth metal complexes bearing tetrahydrofluorenyl ligands have been synthesized and fully characterized by NMR (1H and 13C) and X-ray diffraction analyses. Upon the activation by [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], all the scandium complexes exhibited excellent catalytic activity for highly syndioselective polymerization of styrene with a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 2.0), suggesting the beneficial influence of tetrahydrofluorenyl ligands in stabilizing the single-site active species during the polymerization. Moreover, the scandium-based catalytic systems also promoted the 1,4-regular polymerization of butadiene and its copolymerization with styrene, affording diblock copolymers featuring a highly syndiotactic polystyrene block and a 1,4-specific PBD block. The kinetics investigation revealed the huge gap in TMS-Sc-catalyzed polymerization reactivity ratios (rBD/rSt > 300) between butadiene and styrene, and this further proved the block structure of styrene-butadiene copolymers. The morphology and mechanical property of the selected diblock copolymer were, respectively, investigated by atomic force microscopy and stress-strain experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suting Xu
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanchen Huo
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaochao Shi
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
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Zhang J, Aydogan C, Patias G, Smith T, Al-Shok L, Liu H, Eissa AM, Haddleton DM. Polymerization of Myrcene in Both Conventional and Renewable Solvents: Postpolymerization Modification via Regioselective Photoinduced Thiol-Ene Chemistry for Use as Carbon Renewable Dispersants. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:9654-9664. [PMID: 35935282 PMCID: PMC9344384 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric dispersants are useful materials used in many different industries and often derived from oil-based chemicals, for example, in automotive fluids so as to prevent particulates from precipitation and causing potential damage. These are very often polyisobutene derivatives, and there is a growing need to replace these using chemicals using renewable resources such as the use of naturally occurring myrcene. Polymyrcene (PMy), with an ordered microstructure, has been successfully synthesized via both anionic and radical polymerization in different solvents and subsequently subjected to functionalization via photoinduced thiol-ene click reactions with a number of thiols, methyl thioglycolate, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercapto-1-hexanol, 2-mercaptoethanol, and 1-thioglycerol, using 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as a photoinitiator under UV irradiation (λ = 365 nm) at ambient temperature. The polarity of the solvent has an important impact on the microstructure of the produced polymyrcene and, in particular, 1,2-unit (∼4%), 3,4-unit (∼41%), and 1,4-unit (∼51%) PMy were obtained via anionic polymerization in a polar solvent (THF) at ambient temperature, while 3,4-unit (∼6%) and 1,4-unit (∼94%, including cis and trans) PMy were obtained with cyclohexane as the solvent. Subsequently, photochemical thiol-ene reactions were carried out on the resulting PMy with different isomers exhibiting different reactivities of the double bonds. This strategy allows for the introduction of functional/polar groups (-COOH, -OH) into hydrophobic PMy in a controlled process. Hydrogenation of PMy and derivatized PMy was carried out to investigate any effects on the stabilities of the products which are desirable for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Cansu Aydogan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Georgios Patias
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Timothy Smith
- Lubrizol,
Ltd., Nether Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire DE56 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Al-Shok
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Huizhe Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Ahmed M. Eissa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - David M. Haddleton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
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You F, Kang X, Nishiura M, Zhai J, Xu S, Wang J, Shi X, Hou Z. Living 3,4-Isoselective (Co)polymerization of Biobased β-Farnesene Catalyzed by Phosphine-Functionalized Fluorenyl Rare-Earth Metal Catalysts. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fen You
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jingjing Zhai
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Suting Xu
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jixing Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaochao Shi
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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