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Poddutoori PK. Advances and opportunities in Group 15 porphyrin chemistry. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14287-14296. [PMID: 37791453 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02583g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of Group 15 porphyrins has been established relatively well among the main-group porphyrins. Thus far phosphorus(III), phosphorus(V), arsenic(III), arsenic(V), antimony(III), antimony(V), and bismuth(III) porphyrins have been reported. Their unique axial-bonding ability, rich redox, and optical properties offer an advantage over other main-group or transition metal porphyrins. They could be excellent candidates for a variety of applications such as solar energy harvesting, molecular electronics, molecular catalysis, and biomedical applications. Despite these unique properties, the Group 15 porphyrins are not exploited at their fullest capacity. Recently, there has been some interest, where the richness of Group 15 porphyrin chemistry was explored for some of the above applications. In this context, this article summarizes recent advances in Group 15 porphyrin chemistry and attempts to unravel the tremendous opportunities of these remarkable porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth K Poddutoori
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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Sharma JK, Bayard BJ, Zosel N, Ali SS, Holzer N, Nesterov VN, Karr PA, D'Souza F, Poddutoori PK. Hypervalent Phosphorus(V) Porphyrins with meso-Methoxyphenyl Substituents: Significance of the Number and Position of Methoxy Groups in Promoting Intramolecular Charge Transfer. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16573-16585. [PMID: 36223643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To study the photophysical and redox properties as a function of meso-aryl units, a series of hypervalent phosphorus(V) porphyrins, PP(OMe)2·PF6, PMP(OMe)2·PF6, PDMP(OMe)2·PF6, P345TMP(OMe)2·PF6, and P246TMP(OMe)2·PF6, with phenyl (P), 4-methoxyphenyl (MP), 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl (DMP), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl (345TMP), and 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl (246TMP) units, respectively, have been synthesized. The P(+5) in the cavity makes the porphyrin ring electron-poor, whereas the methoxy groups make the meso-phenyl rings electron-rich. The presence of electron-rich and electron-poor portions within the porphyrin molecule promoted an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Also, the study suggests that the ICT depends on the number and position of the methoxy groups. The ICT is more prominent in m-methoxy-substituted phosphorus(V) porphyrins (PDMP(OMe)2.PF6, P345TMP(OMe)2·PF6) and almost no ICT was found in no-methoxy, o-methoxy, and/or p-methoxy phosphorus(V) porphyrins (PP(OMe)2·PF6, PMP(OMe)2·PF6, P246TMP(OMe)2·PF6). Transient absorption studies indicate that the ICT takes place on the picosecond time scale. The most striking results come from P246TMP(OMe)2·PF6, where each phenyl ring carries three methoxy units, like the P345TMP(OMe)2·PF6, but it failed to induce the ICT process. Electrochemical studies and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were used to support the experimental results. This study extensively explores why and how slight variations in meso-aryl substitutions lead to intricate changes in the photophysical and redox properties of phosphorus(V) porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatan K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Brandon J Bayard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Nick Zosel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Syeda S Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Noah Holzer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Vladimir N Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Paul A Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Wayne State College, 1111 Main Street, Wayne, Nebraska 68787, United States
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Prashanth K Poddutoori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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Holzer N, Sharma JK, Peterson S, Bayard BJ, Nesterov VN, Karr PA, D'Souza F, Poddutoori PK. Antimony(+5) ion induced tunable intramolecular charge transfer in hypervalent antimony( v) porphyrins. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5890-5903. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00675h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimony(+5) insertion induces both electron-rich and electron-poor parts within the porphyrin structure resulting in a push–pull style intramolecular charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Holzer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - Jatan K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, USA
| | - Steven Peterson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - Brandon J. Bayard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - Vladimir N. Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, USA
| | - Paul A. Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Wayne State College, 1111 Main Street, Wayne, Nebraska 68787, USA
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, # 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, USA
| | - Prashanth K. Poddutoori
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
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