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Gu YQ, Ma MX, Yang QY, Yang K, Li HQ, Hu MQ, Liang H, Chen ZF. In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of novel Rh(III) and Pd(II) complexes with pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106838. [PMID: 37717414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Six pyrazolopyrimidine rhodium(III) or palladium(II) complexes, [Rh(L1)(H2O)Cl3] (1), [Rh(L2)(CH3OH)Cl3] (2), [Rh(L3)(H2O)Cl3] (3), [Rh2(L4)Cl6]·CH3OH (4), [Rh(L5)(CH3CN)Cl3]·0.5CH3CN (5), and [Pd(L5)Cl2] (6), were synthesized and characterized. These complexes showed high cytotoxicity against six tested cancer cell lines. Most of the complexes showed higher cytotoxicity to T-24 cells in vitro than cisplatin. Mechanism studies indicated that complexes 5 and 6 induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest through DNA damage, and induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress response. In addition, complex 5 also induced cell apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction. Complexes 5 and 6 showed low in vivo toxicity and high tumor growth inhibitory activity in mouse tumor models. The inhibitory effect of rhodium complex 5 on tumor growth in vivo was more pronounced than that of palladium complex 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qiong Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; School of Environment and Life Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Meng-Xue Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; School of Environment and Life Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Huan-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Mei-Qi Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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Cid-Seara KM, Pereira-Cameselle R, Bolaño S, Talavera M. Selective Schiff Base Formation of Group 9 Organometallic Complexes with Functionalized Spirobifluorene Ligands. Molecules 2023; 28:7155. [PMID: 37894636 PMCID: PMC10609629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic amines are important compounds present in a wide variety of products, which makes the development of new systems for their detection an interesting field of study. New organometallic complexes of group 9 [MCp*X(2'-R-2-py-SBF)] (M = Ir, Rh; R = H, X = Cl (6), R = H, X = OAc (7), R = CHO, X = Cl (8)), and [IrCp*Cl(2', 7-diCHO-2-py-SBF)] (9) (Cp* pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, SBF = 9,9'-spirobifluorene) bearing bidentate C-N ligands based on 9,9'-spirobifluorene were obtained and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis when possible. The formation of a Schiff base to give complexes with the formula [MCp*Cl(2'-CH=NR-2-py-SBF)] (M = Ir, Rh; R = alkyl or aryl (10-12)), through condensation of an amine, and the aldehyde group present in these new complexes was studied leading to a selective reactivity depending on the nature of the amine and the metal center. While the iridium complexes only react with aromatic amines, the rhodium derivative requires heat for those but can react at room temperature with aliphatic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal M. Cid-Seara
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Bolaño
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria Talavera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Sakthikumar K, Kabuyaya Isamura B, Krause RWM. Exploring the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and biothermodynamic properties of novel morpholine derivative bioactive Mn(ii), Co(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes - combined experimental and theoretical measurements towards DNA/BSA/SARS-CoV-2 3CL Pro. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1667-1697. [PMID: 37731703 PMCID: PMC10508264 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00394e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel class of bioactive complexes (1-3) [MII(L)2(bpy)], where, L = 2-(4-morpholinobenzylideneamino)phenol, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, MII = Mn (1), Co (2) or Ni (3), were assigned to octahedral geometry based on analytical and spectral measurements. Gel electrophoresis showed that complex (2) demonstrated significant DNA cleavage activity compared to the other complexes under the action of oxidation agent (H2O2). The DNA binding constant properties measured by various techniques were in the following sequence: (2) > (3) > (1) > (HL), which suggests that the complexes might intercalate DNA, a possibility that is also supported by their biothermodynamic characteristics. The binding constant results for BSA from electronic absorption and fluorometric titrations demonstrate that complex (2) exhibits the highest binding effectiveness among them all, which means that all the compounds could interact with BSA through a static approach, additionally supported by FRET measurements. DFT and docking calculations were employed to realize the electronic structure, reactivity, and interaction capability of all substances with DNA, BSA, and the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. These binding energies fell within the ranges -7.7 to -8.5, -8.2 to -10.1 and -6.7 to -9.3 kcal mol-1, respectively. The higher reactivity of the complexes than the ligand is supported by FMO theory. The in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and radical scavenging characteristics revealed that complexes (2-3) have better biological efficacy than the others. The cytotoxicity and binding properties also show good correlation with the partition coefficient (log P), which is encouraging because all of the experimental findings are closely correlated with the theoretical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunganathan Sakthikumar
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University Grahamstown 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa
| | - Bienfait Kabuyaya Isamura
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University Grahamstown 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Rui Werner Maçedo Krause
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University Grahamstown 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa
- Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University Grahamstown 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa +27 741622674 +27 46 603 7030
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Mrkvicová A, Peterová E, Nemec I, Křikavová R, Muthná D, Havelek R, Kazimírová P, Řezáčová M, Štarha P. Rh(III) and Ru(II) complexes with phosphanyl-alkylamines: inhibition of DNA synthesis induced by anticancer Rh complex. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1583-1602. [PMID: 37750220 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This investigation was designed to synthesize half-sandwich Rh(III) and Ru(II) complexes and study their antiproliferative activity in human cancer cell lines. Materials & methods: Nine compounds were prepared and tested by various assays for their anticancer activity and mechanism of action. Results: Hit Rh(III) complex 6 showed low-micromolar potency in cisplatin-sensitive (A2780) and -resistant (A2780cis) ovarian carcinoma cell lines, promising selectivity toward these cancer cells over normal lung fibroblasts and an unprecedented mechanism of action in the treated cells. DNA synthesis was decreased and CDKN1A expression was upregulated, but p21 expression was not induced. Conclusion: Rh complex 6 showed high antiproliferative activity, which is induced through a p21-independent mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Mrkvicová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Peterová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Nemec
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Křikavová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Muthná
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Havelek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kazimírová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Řezáčová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Štarha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Wang W, Zhang L, Dong W, Wei K, Li J, Sun J, Wang S, Mao X. A colorimetric aptasensor fabricated with group-specific split aptamers and complex nanozyme for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin determination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131995. [PMID: 37437481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing simultaneous detection methods for multiple targets is crucial for the field of food analysis. Herein, enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were taken as model targets. For the first time, a strategy to generate group-specific split aptamers was established by revealing and splitting the critical binding domain, and the split aptamers were exploited to design a four-way DNA junction (4WJ) which could regulate the enzymatic activity of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS)-AuNPs nanozyme to develop a colorimetric aptasensor. A pair of split aptamers were obtained for ENR (Kd = 15.00 nM) and CIP (Kd = 4.870 nM). The mechanism of COS binding with double-stranded DNA in the 4WJ was elucidated. Under optimal conditions, the colorimetric aptasensor enabled a wide linear detection range of 1.4-1400 nM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 321.1 pM and 961.0 pM towards ENR and CIP, respectively, which exhibited excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and availability in detecting ENR/CIP in seafood. This study expands the general strategies for generating robust aptamers and nanozyme complex and provides a good reference for developing multi-target detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Wenhui Dong
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Kaiyue Wei
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Sai Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
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Bulygina LA, Khrushcheva NS, Nelyubina YV, Dorovatovskii P, Strelkova TV, Alexeev MS, Mandegani Z, Nabavizadeh SM, Kuznetsov NY. Bilateral metalloheterocyclic systems based on palladacycle and piperidine-2,4-dione pharmacophores. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2337-2354. [PMID: 36825470 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The design of molecules with effective anticancer properties constructed from both dually active metal complex and organic fragments is a novel trend in medicinal chemistry. This concept suggests the impact of a drug on several biological targets or the synergistic action of both fragments as a single unit. We propose that the combination of a Pd-metallocomplex fragment and an organic unit can be an interesting model for anticancer drug discovery. The first phase in the development of such suggested molecules is the synthesis of bilateral metallosystems containing bioactive 6-substituted piperidin-2-one and a palladated N-phenylpyrazolic fragment. Both fragments were incorporated into one molecule through the fused pyrazole-piperidine-2-one unit followed by pyrazol-directed cyclopalladation of the phenyl-group with Pd(OAc)2. An effect of acceleration of the rate of the palladation by NH-lactam was observed. The synthesized hybrid palladacycles have been characterized and tested for their cytotoxic activity on three cancerous cell lines as PPh3 complexes, revealing structures with potential for further development and structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila A Bulygina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalya S Khrushcheva
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Pavel Dorovatovskii
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 123182, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V Strelkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Michael S Alexeev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation. .,A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Zeinab Mandegani
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - S Masoud Nabavizadeh
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Nikolai Yu Kuznetsov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation. .,A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Wang L, Liu X, Wu Y, He X, Guo X, Gao W, Tan L, Yuan XA, Liu J, Liu Z. In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Assay of Mitochondrially Targeted Fluorescent Half-Sandwich Iridium(III) Pyridine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3395-3408. [PMID: 36763897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Half-sandwich iridium(III) complexes show potential value in the anticancer field. However, complexes with favorable luminescence performance are rare, which limits further investigation of the anticancer mechanism. In this paper, 10 triphenylamine-modified fluorescent half-sandwich iridium(III) pyridine complexes {[(η5-Cpx)Ir(L)Cl2]} (Ir1-Ir10) were prepared and showed potential antiproliferative activity, effectively inhibiting the migration of A549 cells. Ir6, showing the best activity among these complexes, exhibited excellent fluorescence performance (absolute fluorescence quantum yield of 15.17%) in solution. Laser confocal detection showed that Ir6 followed an energy-dependent cellular uptake mechanism, specifically accumulating in mitochondria (Pearson co-localization coefficient of 0.95). A Western blot assay further confirmed the existence of a mitochondrial apoptotic channel. Additionally, Ir6 could arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, catalyze NADH oxidation, reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, induce an increase in the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and exhibit a mechanism of oxidation. An in vivo antitumor assay confirmed that Ir6 can effectively inhibit tumor growth and is safer than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xian He
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Wenshan Gao
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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Antiproliferative activity and DNA binding studies of cyclometalated complexes of platinum(II) containing 2-vinylpyridine. Biometals 2022; 35:617-627. [PMID: 35445906 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic activity of four cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes [PtMe(vpy)(L)], containing 2-vinylpyridine (vpy) and the phosphine ligands (L) PMe2Ph (1a), PPh3 (1b), PMePh2 (1c), and P(c-Hex)3 (1d), were evaluated against human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), human lung cancer (A549), human colon cancer (SW1116), and non-tumor epithelial breast (MCF-10 A) cell lines. The highest activity was found for 1c with IC50 values of 21.10 µM, 23.36 µM, and 12.96 µM, compared to cisplatin, which was 10.12 µM, 47.57 µM, and 19.50 µM against the A549, SW1116, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. 1a-d showed a higher selectivity index (SI) than cisplatin. Docking studies confirmed interaction to the DNA minor groove for all complexes. Genotoxicity studies on 1c showed interactions with the genomic content of malignant cells. Compared with cisplatin as a positive control, a slight shift was found in the electrophoresis mobility, which was utilized further to study the direct interaction of 1c with DNA.
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