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Tubau À, Gómez-Coca S, Speed S, Font-Bardía M, Vicente R. New series of mononuclear β-diketonate cerium(III) field induced single-molecule magnets. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9387-9405. [PMID: 38757803 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00848k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Five new β-diketonate Ce3+ mononuclear complexes, [Ce(Btfa)3(H2O)2] (1), [Ce(Btfa)3(phen)] (2), [Ce(Btfa)3(bipy)] (3), [Ce(Btfa)3(terpy)] (4) and [Ce(Btfa)3(bathophen)(DMF)] (5), where Btfa- = 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionate, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl, terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and bathophen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, have been synthesized and structurally characterized through X-ray diffraction of single crystals. The central Ce3+ atom displays a coordination number of 8 for 1, 2 and 3 and of 9 for 4 and 5. Under a 0 T external magnetic field, none of the given compounds exhibits single molecule magnet (SMM) behaviour. However, a small magnetic field, between 0.02 and 0.1 T, is enough for all the compounds to exhibit slow relaxation of the magnetization. A comprehensive magnetic analysis, with experimental magnetic data and ab initio calculations, was undertaken for all the complexes, and the study highlights the significance of the different spin relaxation mechanisms that must be considered for a Ce3+ lanthanide ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ànnia Tubau
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Gómez-Coca
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saskia Speed
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mercè Font-Bardía
- Departament de Mineralogia, Cristal lografia i Dipòsits Minerals and Unitat de Difracció de R-X. Centre Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Solé i Sabarís 1-3, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Vicente
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Thomas JR, Giansiracusa MJ, Sulway SA. Approaching the 1000 K energy barrier in high coordinate lanthanide single-ion magnets: Increasing Ueff in the [Dy(Tp 2-py)F] + moiety with tetrahydrofuran. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9252-9256. [PMID: 38764426 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Using the existing architecture of [Dy(Tp2-py)F]+ that supports a terminal Dy-F bond, the synthesis and isolation of [Dy(Tp2-py)F(THF)2](PF6) and its diamagnetic yttrium analogue have been achieved. Alternating current magnetic susceptibility studies show an increased effective energy barrier of Ueff = 661(6) cm-1 (951(8) K), the highest yet reported for a high coordinate (n > 8) lanthanide single-ion magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod R Thomas
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | | | - Scott A Sulway
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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3
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Moorthy S, Tarannum I, Kumari K, Singh SK. A highly anisotropic family of hexagonal bipyramidal Dy(III) unsaturated 18-crown-6 complexes exceeding the blockade barrier over 2700 K: a computational exploration. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38787652 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00632a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, we have explored a series of unsaturated hexa-18-crown-6 (U18C6) ligands towards designing highly anisotropic Dy(III) based single-ion magnets (SIMs) with the general formula [Dy(U18C6)X2]+ (where U18C6 = [C12H12O6] (1), [C12H12S6] (2), [C12H12Se6] (3), [C12H12O4S2] (4), [C12H12O4Se2] (5) and X = F, Cl, Br, I, OtBu and OSiPh3). By analysing the electronic structure, bonding and magnetic properties, we find that the U18C6 ligands prefer stabilising the highly symmetric eight-coordinated hexagonal bipyramidal geometry (HBPY-8), which is the source of the near-Ising type anisotropy in all the [Dy(U18C6)X2]+ complexes. Moreover, the ability of sulfur/selenium substituted U18C6 ligands to stabilize the highly anisotropic HBPY-8 geometry makes them more promising towards engineering the equatorial ligand field compared to substituted saturated 18C6 ligands where the exodentate arrangement of the S lone pairs results in low symmetry. Magnetic relaxation analysis predicts a record barrier height over 2700 K for [Dy(C12H12O6)F2]+ and [Dy(C12H12S6)X2]+ (where X = F, OtBu and OSiPh3) complexes, nearly 23% higher than those of the top performing Dy(III) based SIMs in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Moorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
| | - Ibtesham Tarannum
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
| | - Kusum Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
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4
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Stewart R, Canaj AB, Liu S, Regincós Martí E, Celmina A, Nichol G, Cheng HP, Murrie M, Hill S. Engineering Clock Transitions in Molecular Lanthanide Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11083-11094. [PMID: 38619978 PMCID: PMC11046435 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Molecular lanthanide (Ln) complexes are promising candidates for the development of next-generation quantum technologies. High-symmetry structures incorporating integer spin Ln ions can give rise to well-isolated crystal field quasi-doublet ground states, i.e., quantum two-level systems that may serve as the basis for magnetic qubits. Recent work has shown that symmetry lowering of the coordination environment around the Ln ion can produce an avoided crossing or clock transition within the ground doublet, leading to significantly enhanced coherence. Here, we employ single-crystal high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-level ab initio calculations to carry out a detailed investigation of the nine-coordinate complexes, [HoIIIL1L2], where L1 = 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecane and L2 = F- (1) or [MeCN]0 (2). The pseudo-4-fold symmetry imposed by the neutral organic ligand scaffold (L1) and the apical anionic fluoride ion generates a strong axial anisotropy with an mJ = ±8 ground-state quasi-doublet in 1, where mJ denotes the projection of the J = 8 spin-orbital moment onto the ∼C4 axis. Meanwhile, off-diagonal crystal field interactions give rise to a giant 116.4 ± 1.0 GHz clock transition within this doublet. We then demonstrate targeted crystal field engineering of the clock transition by replacing F- with neutral MeCN (2), resulting in an increase in the clock transition frequency by a factor of 2.2. The experimental results are in broad agreement with quantum chemical calculations. This tunability is highly desirable because decoherence caused by second-order sensitivity to magnetic noise scales inversely with the clock transition frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stewart
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Center
for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Angelos B. Canaj
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Shuanglong Liu
- Center
for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department
of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Emma Regincós Martí
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Anna Celmina
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Gary Nichol
- EastCHEM
School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Hai-Ping Cheng
- Center
for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department
of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mark Murrie
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Stephen Hill
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Center
for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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5
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Kobayashi K, Suzuki M, Sato T, Horii Y, Yoshida T, Breedlove BK, Yamashita M, Katoh K. Spin dynamics phenomena of a cerium(III) double-decker complex induced by intramolecular electron transfer. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38651377 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Switchable spin dynamic properties in single-molecule magnets (SMMs) via an applied stimulus have applications in single-molecule devices. Many SMMs containing heavy lanthanoid ions with strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy have been reported to exhibit SMM characteristics in the absence of an external magnetic field. On the other hand, SMMs containing light lanthanoid cerium(III) (Ce3+) ions exhibit field-induced slow magnetic relaxation. We investigated the chemical conversion of a diamagnetic Ce4+ ion (4f0) to a paramagnetic Ce3+ ion (4f1) in Ce-phthalocyaninato double-decker complexes (TBA+[Ce(obPc)2]- (1) and TBA+[Ce(Pc)2]- (2)) which exhibit field-induced SMM behaviour due to a 4f1 system. The phthalocyaninato ligands with electron-donating substituents (obPc2- = 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octabutoxyphthalocyaninato) in 1 have a significant effect on the valence state of the Ce ion, which is reflected in its magnetic properties due to the mixed valence state of the Ce ion. Given that Ce double-decker complexes with π-conjugated ligands undergo intramolecular electron transfer (IET) to the Ce ion mixed valence state, characterised by a mixture of 4f0 and 4f1 configurations, we examined the dynamic disorder inherent in IET influencing magnetic relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tetsu Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoji Horii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Kitauoya Higashimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yoshida
- Cluster of Nanomaterials, Graduate School of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakae-Dani, Wakayama, 640-8510, Japan
| | - Brian K Breedlove
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Keiichi Katoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Josai University, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakaddo, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
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Yang W, Rosenkranz M, Velkos G, Ziegs F, Dubrovin V, Schiemenz S, Spree L, de Souza Barbosa MF, Guillemard C, Valvidares M, Büchner B, Liu F, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Covalency versus magnetic axiality in Nd molecular magnets: Nd-photoluminescence, strong ligand-field, and unprecedented nephelauxetic effect in fullerenes NdM 2N@C 80 (M = Sc, Lu, Y). Chem Sci 2024; 15:2141-2157. [PMID: 38332818 PMCID: PMC10848757 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nd-based nitride clusterfullerenes NdM2N@C80 with rare-earth metals of different sizes (M = Sc, Y, Lu) were synthesized to elucidate the influence of the cluster composition, shape and internal strain on the structural and magnetic properties. Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed a very short Nd-N bond length in NdSc2N@C80. For Lu and Y analogs, the further shortening of the Nd-N bond and pyramidalization of the NdM2N cluster are predicted by DFT calculations as a result of the increased cluster size and a strain caused by the limited size of the fullerene cage. The short distance between Nd and nitride ions leads to a very large ligand-field splitting of Nd3+ of 1100-1200 cm-1, while the variation of the NdM2N cluster composition and concomitant internal strain results in the noticeable modulation of the splitting, which could be directly assessed from the well-resolved fine structure in the Nd-based photoluminescence spectra of NdM2N@C80 clusterfullerenes. Photoluminescence measurements also revealed an unprecedentedly strong nephelauxetic effect, pointing to a high degree of covalency. The latter appears detrimental to the magnetic axiality despite the strong ligand field. As a result, the ground magnetic state has considerable transversal components of the pseudospin g-tensor, and the slow magnetic relaxation of NdSc2N@C80 could be observed by AC magnetometry only in the presence of a magnetic field. A combination of the well-resolved magneto-optical states and slow relaxation of magnetization suggests that Nd clusterfullerenes can be useful building blocks for magneto-photonic quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Ziegs
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
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7
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Mortensen ML, Bisht S, Abbas M, Firouzi H, McCandless GT, Shatruk M, Balkus KJ. Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks Exhibiting Fluoro-Bridged Extended Chains: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:219-228. [PMID: 38150361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Two fluoro-bridged lanthanide-containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized using 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (BPDC), a fluorinated modulator, and a lanthanide nitrate. The syntheses of MOFs containing Gd3+ or Tb3+ and a closely related MOF structure containing Ho3+, Gd3+, or Tb3+ are presented. The presence of the fluorinated metal chains in these MOFs is shown through single crystal X-ray diffraction, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, 19F nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements reveal weak antiferromagnetic exchange between the Ln3+ ions mediated by fluoride anions along the zigzag ladder chains present in the crystal structures of these MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Shubham Bisht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 102 Varsity Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Hamid Firouzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Gregory T McCandless
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Michael Shatruk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 102 Varsity Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Kenneth J Balkus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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8
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Krešáková L, Doroshenko A, Tarasenko R, Rohlíček J, Orendáč M, Černák J. Synthesis, structure and slow magnetic relaxation of Ce(III) phenylacetate complex. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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9
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Approaching the uniaxiality of magnetic anisotropy in single-molecule magnets. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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10
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Shao D, Sahu PP, Tang WJ, Zhang YL, Zhou Y, Xu FX, Wei XQ, Tian Z, Singh SK, Wang XY. A single-ion magnet building block strategy toward Dy 2 single-molecule magnets with enhanced magnetic performance. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18610-18621. [PMID: 36448324 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A molecular dysprosium(III) complex [Dy(DClQ)3(H2O)2] (1) was used as a building unit for the construction of lanthanide SMMs, leading to the isolation of two dinuclear Dy(III) complexes, namely [Dy2(DClQ)6(MeOH)2] (2) and [Dy2(DClQ)6(bpmo)2]·6MeCN (3) (DClQ = 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, bpmo = 4,4'-dipyridine-oxide). Structural analyses revealed the same N3O5 coordination environment of the Dy(III) centers with a distorted biaugmented trigonal prism (C2V symmetry) and triangular dodecahedron (D2d symmetry) for 2 and 3, respectively. Magnetic studies revealed the presence of ferromagnetic and weak antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the Dy3+ centers in 2 and 3, respectively. Interestingly, slow relaxation of magnetization at zero fields was evidenced with an Ueff of 51.4 K and 159.0 K for complexes 2 and 3, respectively. The detailed analysis of relaxation dynamics discloses that the Orbach process is dominant for 2 whereas Raman and QTM play an important role in 3. Theoretical calculations were carried out to provide insight into the magnetic exchange interactions and relaxation dynamics for the complexes. Due to a single-ion magnet (SIM) of 1, the foregoing results demonstrate a SIM modular synthetic route for the preparation of dinuclear lanthanide SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Shao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Prem Prakash Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi-502285, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
| | - Wan-Jie Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Lu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Xue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Qin Wei
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Shanxi Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Light Materials Modification and Application, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, 030619, P. R. China
| | - Zhengfang Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, P. R. China
| | - Saurabh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi-502285, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
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