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Hulushe ST, Watkins GM, Khanye SD. A cobalt(II) coordination polymer-derived catalyst engineered via temperature-induced semi-reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) dehydration for efficient liquid-phase epoxidation of olefins. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11326-11343. [PMID: 38899354 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00739e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformations provide more avenues for phase transitions, which have piqued great interest in crystal engineering. In this work, a 3D Co(II)-based coordination polymer (CP), {Co2(OH2)8(btec)}·4H2O (1), (where (btec)4- = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate) undergoes SCSC transition upon heating at 180 °C to afford an anhydrous phase [Co2(btec)] (1'). Room-temperature water-vapour induced semi-reversible SCSC transformation of 1' involves condensation of two water molecules coordinating to the metal cluster, yielding a new framework [Co2(OH2)2(btec)] (2). These SCSC transitions were accomplished through a sequential bond breaking and new bond formation process which was accompanied by colour changes from orange (1) → violet (1') → pink (2). All materials were structurally elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and further established by various analytical techniques. According to SCXRD data, all the frameworks possess octahedral geometries around the cobalt(II) sphere. SCXRD studies further revealed that 1 is a polymeric architecture with a binodal 4-c sql topology while 1' and 2 possess (3,6)-c kgd and (4,6)-c scu 3D nets, respectively. By virtue of multitopicity exhibited by the tetracarboxylate, the coordination number of the linker around the Co(II) sphere increased from four (in 1) to eight (in 1') and then decreased to six (in 2). Most interestingly, permanent porosity could be observed for the dihydrate 2, originated from potential void space as substantiated by dinitrogen (N2) sorption isotherm. These porous frameworks were active catalysts for the aerobic epoxidation of the model substrate cyclohexene using molecular oxygen (O2) as the final oxidant in the presence of the sacrificial i-butyraldehyde (IBA) reductant. For using the dihydrous phase 2, cyclohexene and various other olefins were catalytically oxidised to their corresponding epoxides with up to 38.5% conversion and 99.0% selectivity. The catalyst 2 can be expediently recycled in four runs without significant loss of activity. This research demonstrates that a little innovation in the active-site-engineered organic-inorganic hybrid materials can significantly enhance the catalytic performance and selectivity of coordination polymer-derived heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya T Hulushe
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa.
| | - Gareth M Watkins
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa.
| | - Setshaba D Khanye
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa
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2
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Zha Q, An J, Jiang B, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Liu J, Zhang Z. Polyoxometalate-loaded hyper-crosslinked nanoparticles as a Pickering interfacial catalyst for solvent-free epoxidation of allyl chloride under static conditions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 657:903-912. [PMID: 38091913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Epoxidation of allyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) carried out in heterogeneous catalytic systems suffer from poor reaction efficiency due to their heavy mass transfer resistance present at the liquid-liquid interface. Pickering interfacial catalysis (PIC) provides an elegant solution by involving the design of amphiphilic heterogeneous catalysts, which can act as emulsifiers simultaneously. In this study, interface-active polyoxometalate-loaded hyper-crosslinked nanoparticles (HCNPs) were designed. The structural properties of materials were characterized in detail by elemental analysis, Zeta potential, ICP-OES, SEM, TEM, BET, FT-IR, TGA, and XPS. The prepared nanoparticles can build efficient W/O PIC systems with allyl chloride and H2O2. Systematic experiments indicate that catalysts' surface properties, catalyst dosage, and water/oil volume ratio significantly affect the PIC system's catalytic activity and emulsion properties. Moreover, this PIC system maintains high stability after the reaction and can be reused for at least 8 cycles. Excitingly, these interface-active HCNPs can also efficiently promote allyl chloride epoxidation in the absence of solvent and external stirring, illustrating that this approach holds great potential for developing catalytic systems suitable for multiphase reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Zha
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Jigang An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Bowen Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Zhongguang Zhang
- Nanjing Yanchang Reaction Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211500, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Nanjing Yanchang Reaction Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211500, PR China.
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Hulushe ST, Watkins GM, Khanye SD. Enhanced Catalytic Activity of a Copper(II) Metal-Organic Framework Constructed via Semireversible Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Dehydration. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7511-7528. [PMID: 38405543 PMCID: PMC10882598 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a copper(II) metal-organic framework, [Cu2(btec)(OH2)4]·2H2O (1) [(btec)4- = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate], that undergoes single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations into two anhydrous phases 2' and 2″ with the chemical formula [Cu2(btec)], triggered by two-step dehydration at 403 and 433 K, respectively. After immersion in water for 3 days at room temperature, 2' transformed into [Cu2(btec)(OH2)] (3), while both 2' and 2″ took 1 week to revert to 1. Dynamic vapor sorption studies validated water-induced reversible structural transformations at 70% relative humidity (RH). According to single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), the local coordination geometry of the Cu2+ ion in 2' changed from a saturated octahedron to a coordinatively unsaturated square-based pyramid in 3, manifested by changes in color and dimensionality. From a topological point of view, all of the scaffolds show a binodal (3,6)-connected kgd topology with the point symbol {43}2{46}. In addition, the materials were thoroughly characterized using routine spectroscopic data and various analytical techniques. The catalytic activity of the microporous materials in the liquid-phase oxidation of styrene in acetonitrile, using 30% (wt) H2O2 as the oxidant, was investigated. The excellent performance of the monohydrous phase 3 was shown to be superior to the pristine framework and the anhydrous counterparts, as evidenced by a good turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) = 82.6 and 21.0 h-1, respectively. Within 4 h, the substrates were catalytically oxidized to the desired products with up to 67% conversion and 100% benzaldehyde selectivity. It is worth noting that the accessible active metal sites and higher surface area enhanced the catalytic properties of 3. Furthermore, the maintenance of catalytic efficiency over five cycles and reusability are illustrated and discussed in terms of the structural differences of the microporous frameworks. Thus, a preliminary reaction mechanism for the selective oxidation of styrene is proposed. This study not only provides a fascinating example of MOF chromism achieved by thermal activation and rehydration but also sheds some light on the relationship between pore-surface- or metal-engineered sites in MOFs and their heterogeneous catalytic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya T. Hulushe
- Department
of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa
| | - Gareth M. Watkins
- Department
of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa
| | - Setshaba D. Khanye
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa
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Karbalaee Hosseini A, Moghadaskhou F, Tadjarodi A, Safarkoopayeh B. Dual-Ligand Strategy for the Design and Construction of a Cd-Zn Heterometallic Metal-Organic Framework by One-Pot Synthesis as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Epoxidation Reaction of Olefins. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:21156-21163. [PMID: 38096807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as catalysts is reported in various industrial applications. In contrast to monometallic MOFs, heterometallic MOFs with mixed organic ligands showed enhanced catalytic properties. The catalytic properties of heterometallic MOFs can be enhanced by generating defects and the synergistic effect between the two heterometals at secondary building units. By using a solvothermal technique, a Cd-Zn heterometallic MOF with a new morphology, [Cd2Zn(DPTTZ)0.5(OBA)3(H2O)(HCOOH)] (IUST-4) [DPTTZ = 2,5-di(4-pyridyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole, OBA = 4,4'-oxybis(benzoic acid)], was synthesized via a mixed-ligand strategy and characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray crystallographic analysis showed that IUST-4 is a neutral 3D metal-organic framework crystallized in the monoclinic system with space group C2/c. In this study, the catalytic properties of IUST-4 for the epoxidation of cyclooctene were investigated. IUST-4 was selected as the optimal catalyst for epoxy product production due to its high selectivity and yield. Moreover, the catalytic performance of IUST-4 was maintained despite five recycling cycles without significant degradation. The epoxidation of cyclooctene with IUST-4 has several advantages, including good selectivity, easy recovery, and short-time reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Karbalaee Hosseini
- Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moghadaskhou
- Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Tadjarodi
- Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Barzin Safarkoopayeh
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 1417935840 Tehran, Iran
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Kang X, Ren C, Mei Z, Fan X, Xue J, Shao Y, Gu J. Hydrothermal Assembly, Structural Multiplicity, and Catalytic Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction of a Series of Coordination Polymers Based on a Pyridine-Tricarboxylic Acid. Molecules 2023; 28:7474. [PMID: 38005197 PMCID: PMC10673224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A pyridine-tricarboxylic acid, 5-(3',5'-dicarboxylphenyl)nicotinic acid (H3dpna), was employed as a adjustable block to assemble a series of coordination polymers under hydrothermal conditions. The seven new coordination polymers were formulated as [Co(μ3-Hdpna)(μ-dpey)]n·nH2O (1), [Zn4.5(μ6-dpna)3(phen)3]n (2), [Co1.5(μ6-dpna)(2,2'-bipy)]n (3), [Zn1.5(μ6-dpna)(2,2'-bipy)]n (4), [Co3(μ3-dpna)2(4,4'-bipy)2(H2O)8]n·2nH2O (5),[Co(bpb)2(H2O)4]n[Co2(μ3-dpna)2(H2O)4]n·3nH2O (6), and [Mn1.5(μ6-dpna)(μ-dpea)]n (7), wherein 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (dpey), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,2'-bipyridine(2,2'-bipy),4,4'-bipyridine(4,4'-bipy),1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene (bpb), and 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane (dpea) were employed as auxiliary ligands. The structural variation of polymers 1-7 spans the range from a 2D sheet (1-4, 6, and 7) to a 3D metal-organic framework (MOF, 5). Polymers 1-7 were investigated as heterogeneous catalysts in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction, leading to high condensation product yields (up to 100%) under optimized conditions. Various reaction conditions, substrate scope, and catalyst recycling were also researched. This work broadens the application of H3dpna as a versatile tricarboxylate block for the fabrication of functional coordination polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yongliang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.K.); (C.R.); (Z.M.); (X.F.); (J.X.)
| | - Jinzhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.K.); (C.R.); (Z.M.); (X.F.); (J.X.)
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Bai X, Han X, Wang Y, Zhang A, Yang Y, Lu Y, Liu S. Two 3D Two-Fold Interpenetrated Dia-Like Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Sulfide Selective Oxidation Activity. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13221-13229. [PMID: 37552041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Two new three-dimensional (3D) polyoxometalate-based metal-organic frameworks (POMOFs), [M2(btap)4(H2O)4(HPMo10VI Mo2VO40)] (M = Co (1) and Cd (2); btap = 3, 5-bis(1', 2', 4'-triazol-1'-yl)pyridine), have been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions and characterized in detail. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) analysis indicates that 1 and 2 are isostructural. In complexes 1 and 2, the metal ion is coordinated with the ligand to form two different left and right helical one-dimensional chains, which are alternately connected in a twisted form to build a two-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional structure, and the polyoxometalate is encapsulated into in the pores generated by the interpenetrating structure. It is noteworthy that 1 and 2, as recyclable catalysts, possess favorable heterogeneous catalytic activity and excellent sulfoxide selectivity in sulfide oxidation reactions, with H2O2 as an oxidant. By reason of the high dispersion of polyoxometalate with good intrinsic activity in the skeleton structure, the title complex has high activity. In addition, no obvious decrease of sulfoxide yield is observed after at least five cycles. These results indicate the excellent catalytic activity and sustainability of 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xu Han
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ange Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China
| | - Shuxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P. R. China
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Huang X, Zhou Z, Qin L, Zhang D, Wang H, Wang S, Yang L. Structural Regulation of Two Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Heterogeneous Catalysis of Quinazolinones. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5565-5575. [PMID: 36989459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Two dimeric {ε-Zn4PMo12}-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [ε-PMo8VMo4VIO34(OH)6Zn4][LO] (SDUT-21, LO = [5-((4'-carboxybenzyl)oxy)isophthalic acid]) and [TBA]3[ε-PMo8VMo4VIO37(OH)3Zn4][LN] (SDUT-22, TBA+ = tetrabutylammonium ion, LN = [5-((4-carboxybenzyl)imino)isophthalic acid]), combining the advantages of polyoxometalates (POMs) and MOFs, were synthesized by the one-pot assembly strategy. The dimeric {ε-Zn4PMo12} units act as nodes that are linked by the flexible ligands and extended into two- or three-dimensional frameworks. The cyclic voltammetry and proton conductivity measurements of SDUT-21 and SDUT-22 were performed and indicated the high electron and proton transfer abilities. These materials also e xhibited the catalytic performance for the synthesis of quinazolinones in the heterogeneous state, and the different binding capacities toward the substrates caused the catalytic activity of SDUT-21 to be higher than that of SDUT-22 under the same conditions. In addition, the used catalysts could be readily recovered for five successive cycles and maintained high catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Lan Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Daopeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Haining Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Suna Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
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Polyoxometalate-Encapsulated Metal-Organic Frameworks with Diverse Cages for the C–H Bond Oxidation of Alkylbenzenes. CHINESE JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2023.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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