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Chen F, Zhao XX, Zhang HT, Ma YN, Chen X. Facile Friedel-Crafts alkylation of arenes under solvent-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2187-2191. [PMID: 38391292 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation of arenes is an important part of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. However, the reactivity of arenes is weakened by electron-withdrawing substituents, leading to limited substrate scopes and applications. Herein, we developed an efficient HOTf-promoted Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of broad arenes with α-aryl-α-diazoesters under metal-free and solvent-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijing Chen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Hao-Tian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Yan-Na Ma
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Xuenian Chen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Chen F, Guo W, Ma YN, Chen X. 9,9'-Bis- o-carboranes: synthesis and exploration of properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:614-617. [PMID: 38100063 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05041f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A highly efficient Pd-catalyzed B(9)-H/B(9)-H oxidative dehydrogenation coupling of carboranes to synthesize 9,9'-bis-o-carboranes has been developed. The properties and derivatization of 9,9'-bis-o-carborane were also examined, which provided diverse bis-o-carborane derivatives and bis-nido-carborane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijing Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Yan-Na Ma
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Xuenian Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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Wu Y, Lu W, Ma YN, Chen F, Ren W, Chen X. Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid Promoted Controllable Electrophilic Aromatic Nitration. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37463455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a facile and controllable electrophilic aromatic nitration method with commercially available 68% HNO3 as the nitrating reagent and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (HOTf) as the catalyst in hexafluoroisopropanol or under solvent-free conditions. The electrophilic nitration products of different arenes can be obtained in almost quantitative yields by tuning the loading of HOTf. The strong acidity and water absorbing property of HOTf allowed this transformation to reach completion in a short time at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxuan Wu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yan-Na Ma
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Feijing Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Henan Scientific Research Platform Service Center, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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Ren H, Zhang P, Xu J, Ma W, Tu D, Lu CS, Yan H. Direct B-H Functionalization of Icosahedral Carboranes via Hydrogen Atom Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7638-7647. [PMID: 36946888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and selective functionalization of icosahedral carboranes (C2B10H12) at the boron vertexes is a long-standing challenge owing to the presence of 10 inert B-H bonds in a similar chemical environment. Herein, we report a new reaction paradigm for direct B-H functionalization of icosahedral carboranes via B-H homolysis enabled by a nitrogen-centered radical-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) strategy. Both the HAT process of the carborane B-H bond and the resulting boron-centered carboranyl radical intermediate have been confirmed experimentally. The reaction occurs at the most electron-rich boron vertex with the lowest B-H bond dissociation energy (BDE). Using this strategy, diverse carborane derivatization, including thiolation, selenation, alkynylation, alkenylation, cyanation, and halogenation, have been achieved in satisfactory yields under a photoinitiated condition in a metal-free and redox-neutral fashion. Moreover, the synthetic utility of the current protocol was also demonstrated by both the scale-up reaction and the construction of carborane-based functional molecules. Therefore, this methodology opens a radical pathway to carborane functionalization, which is distinct from the B-H heterolytic mechanism in the traditional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Deshuang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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