1
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Vajedi FS, Rasoolzadeh R, Angnes L, Santos ECS, Silva LDPC. Ultrasensitive Aptasensing Platform for the Detection of β-Amyloid-42 Peptide Based on MOF Containing Bimetallic Porphyrin Graphene Oxide and Gold Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2218-2239. [PMID: 38527228 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The prompt detection of diseases hinges on the accessibility and the capability to identify relevant biomarkers. The integration of aptamers and the incorporation of nanomaterials into signal transducers have not only expedited but also enhanced the development of nanoaptasensors, enabling heightened sensitivity and selectivity. Here, the bimetallic nickel-cobalt-porphyrin metal-organic framework ((Ni + Cu)TPyP MOF) is regarded as an electron mediator, immobilization platform for an Alzheimer aptamer and to increase the electrochemical signal for the detection of the main biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid β (Aβ-42). Furthermore, the ((Ni + Cu)TPyP MOF) was combined with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), on a gold electrode (GE) to provide an efficient interface for immobilizing aptamer strands. Concurrently, the incorporation of rGO and AuNPs imparts enhanced electrical conductivity and efficacious catalytic activity, establishing them as adept electrochemical indicators. Owing to the superior excellent electrical conductivity of rGO and AuNPs, coupled with the presence of ample mesoporous channels and numerous Ni and Cu metal sites within (Ni + Cu)TPyP MOF, this nanostructure with abundant functional groups is proficient in immobilizing a substantial quantity of aptamer. These interactions are achieved through robust π-π stacking and electrostatic interactions, alongside the high affinity between the thiol group of the aptamer and AuNPs concurrently. The as-prepared ternary (Au@(Ni + Cu)TPyP MOF/rGO) nanostructure electrode exhibited an enhancement in its electrochemically active surface area of about 7 times, compared with the bare electrode and the Aβ-42 redox process is highly accelerated, so the peak currents are significantly higher than those obtained with bare GE substrate. Under the optimized conditions, the designed aptasensor had the quantitative detection of Aβ-42 with a low detection limit of 48.6 fg mL-1 within the linear range of 0.05 pg mL-1 to 5 ng mL-1 by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), accompanied by precise reproducibility, satisfactory stability (95.6% of the initial activity after 10 days), and minimal impact of interfering agents. Recorded results in human blood plasma demonstrated the high efficacy of porphyrin MOF system sensing even in the clinical matrix. The great performance of this aptasensor indicates that our new design of Au@(Ni + Cu)TPyP MOF/rGO nanostructure provides more opportunities for the detection of chemical signals in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Sadat Vajedi
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reza Rasoolzadeh
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, 24020-141 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evelyn C S Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, CT Bl A, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ludmila de Paula Cabral Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química e de Petróleo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24210-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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2
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Kalaiselvan A, Naniyil A, Ipe RM, Krishna Isukapalli SV, Vennapusa SR, Andrews AP, Gokulnath S. Stable Inner 2H Tautomer of N-Confused-like Porphyrin Embedded with a Carbazole Subunit: Synthesis, Metal Coordination, and Magnetic and Anion Sensing Studies. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14377-14387. [PMID: 37787478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
A new class of N-confused porphyrin 1 embedded with a carbazole subunit was prepared via [3 + 1] acid-catalyzed condensation of appropriate precursors. 1 underwent smooth metal complexation with Pd(II) and Cu(II) salts to provide the corresponding diamagnetic 1-Pd and paramagnetic 1-Cu, respectively. The single-crystal X-ray structure of 1-Pd is evident with a square-planar Pd-center through C-H activation of inverted pyrrole. Superconducting quantum interference device analysis combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results provided insights into the paramagnetic nature of 1-Cu. Further, a ratiometric enhancement of near-IR fluorescence at 746 nm was found to be reversible upon adding CN- and F- ions. The solid-state structure of 1-Pd confirms that the anionic species is due to NH deprotonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Kalaiselvan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Athira Naniyil
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Ruth Mariam Ipe
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sai Vamsi Krishna Isukapalli
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sivaranjana Reddy Vennapusa
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Alex P Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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3
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Saleem Q, Shahid S, Rahim A, Bajaber MA, Mansoor S, Javed M, Iqbal S, Bahadur A, Aljazzar SO, Pashameah RA, AlSubhi SA, Alzahrani E, Farouk AE. A highly explicit electrochemical biosensor for catechol detection in real samples based on copper-polypyrrole. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13443-13455. [PMID: 37152558 PMCID: PMC10155604 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07847c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechol is a pollutant that can lead to serious health issues. Identification in aquatic environments is difficult. A highly specific, selective, and sensitive electrochemical biosensor based on a copper-polypyrrole composite and a glassy carbon electrode has been created for catechol detection. The novelty of this newly developed biosensor was tested using electrochemical techniques. The charge and mass transfer functions and partially reversible oxidation kinetics of catechol on the redesigned electrode surface were examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry scan rates. Using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and differential pulse voltammetry, the characteristics of sensitivity (8.5699 μA cm-2), LOD (1.52 × 10-7 μM), LOQ (3.52 × 10-5 μM), linear range (0.02-2500 μM), specificity, interference, and real sample detection were investigated. The morphological, structural, and bonding characteristics were investigated using XRD, Raman, FTIR, and SEM. Using an oxidation-reduction technique, a suitable biosensor material was produced. In the presence of interfering compounds, it was shown that it was selective for catechol, like an enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasar Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Sammia Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Majed A Bajaber
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Javed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST) H-12 Islamabad 46000 Pakistan
| | - Ali Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University Wenzhou 325060 China
| | - Samar O Aljazzar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P. O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Adel Pashameah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 24230 Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah A AlSubhi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd-ElAziem Farouk
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
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4
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Mishra VK, Chaudhary N, Haldar C. Electronically Tuned Copper Porphyrins for the Selective Epoxidation of Alkenes. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Metallic Effects on p-Hydroxyphenyl Porphyrin Thin-Film-Based Planar Optical Waveguide Gas Sensor: Experimental and Computational Studies. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060944. [PMID: 35335756 PMCID: PMC8950903 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal effects on the gas sensing behavior of metal complexes of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (THPP) thin film was investigated in terms of detecting NO2 gas by the planar optical waveguide. For this purpose, several THPP and metal complexes were synthesized with different central metal ions: Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II). Planar optical gas sensors were fabricated with the metalloporphyrins deposited on K+ ion-exchanged soda-lime glass substrate with the spin coating method serving as host matrices for gas interaction. All of the THPP complex’s films were fully characterized by UV-Vis, IR and XPS spectroscopy, and the laser light source wavelength was selected at 520 and 670 nm. The results of the planar optical waveguide sensor show that the Zn–THPP complex exhibits the strongest response with the lowest detectable gas concentration of NO2 gas for both 520 nm and 670 nm. The Ni–THPP and Co–THPP complexes display good efficiency in the detection of NO2, while, on the other hand, Cu–THPP shows a very low interaction with NO2 gas, with only 50 ppm and 200 ppm detectable gas concentration for 520 nm and 670 nm, respectively. In addition, molecular dynamic simulations and quantum mechanical calculations were performed, proving to be coherent with the experimental results.
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Liu Q, Ren W, Zhang S, Huang Y, Chen D, Zeng W, Zhou Z, He L, Guo W, Li J. d‐Orbital Reconstructions Forced by Double Bow‐Shaped Deformations and Second Coordination Sphere Effects of Cu(II) Heme Analogs in HER**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103892. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution for Hunan University of Science and Technology Yuhu District Xiangtan 411201 P. R. China
| | - Wanjie Ren
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yanqi Lake, Huairou District Beijing 101408 P. R. China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution for Hunan University of Science and Technology Yuhu District Xiangtan 411201 P. R. China
| | - Yang Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Suzhou Research Institute of LICP Institution for Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Dilong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution for Hunan University of Science and Technology Yuhu District Xiangtan 411201 P. R. China
| | - Wennan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution for Hunan University of Science and Technology Yuhu District Xiangtan 411201 P. R. China
| | - Zaichun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution for Hunan University of Science and Technology Yuhu District Xiangtan 411201 P. R. China
| | - Lin He
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Suzhou Research Institute of LICP Institution for Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Wenping Guo
- National Energy Center for Coal to Clean Fuels Synfuels China Company Ltd Huairou District Beijing 101400 P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yanqi Lake, Huairou District Beijing 101408 P. R. China
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7
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Payami E, Neshad S, Aghaiepour A, Teimuri‐Mofrad R. Novel
meso
‐substituted ferrocene‐appended porphyrins: Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical evaluation. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Payami
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Saeed Neshad
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Alireza Aghaiepour
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Reza Teimuri‐Mofrad
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
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8
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Aggarwal A, Bhupathiraju NVSDK, Farley C, Singh S. Applications of Fluorous Porphyrinoids: An Update †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1241-1265. [PMID: 34343350 DOI: 10.1111/php.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and related macrocycles have been studied broadly for their applications in medicine and materials because of their tunable physicochemical, optoelectronic and magnetic properties. In this review article, we focused on the applications of fluorinated porphyrinoids and their supramolecular systems and summarized the reports published on these chromophores in the past 5-6 years. The commercially available fluorinated porphyrinoids: meso-perfluorophenylporphyrin (TPPF20 ) perfluorophthalocyanine (PcF16 ) and meso-perfluorophenylcorrole (CorF15 ) have increased photo and oxidative stability due to the presence of fluoro groups. Because of their tunable properties and robustness toward oxidative damage these porphyrinoid-based chromophores continue to gain attention of researchers developing advanced functional materials for applications such as sensors, photonic devices, component for solar cells, biomedical imaging, theranostics and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Aggarwal
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College of the City University of New York, Long Island City, NY
| | - N V S Dinesh K Bhupathiraju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY
| | - Christopher Farley
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College of the City University of New York, Long Island City, NY
| | - Sunaina Singh
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College of the City University of New York, Long Island City, NY
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9
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Castro KADF, Westrup KCM, Silva S, Pereira PMR, Simões MMQ, Neves MDGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS, Tomé JPC, Nakagaki S. Iron(III) Complexation with Galactodendritic Porphyrin Species and Hydrocarbons’ Oxidative Transformations. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. D. F. Castro
- Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catálise Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) CP 19061, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba Paraná Brazil
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Kátia C. M. Westrup
- Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catálise Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) CP 19061, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Sandrina Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | | | - Mário M. Q. Simões
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | | | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - João P. C. Tomé
- Centro de Química Estrutural Instituto Superior Técnico Departamento de Química Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Shirley Nakagaki
- Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catálise Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) CP 19061, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba Paraná Brazil
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10
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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11
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Hasanin MS, Abdelraof M, Fikry M, Shaker YM, Sweed AMK, Senge MO. Development of Antimicrobial Laser-Induced Photodynamic Therapy Based on Ethylcellulose/Chitosan Nanocomposite with 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis( m-Hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123551. [PMID: 34200763 PMCID: PMC8230394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new antimicrobial strategies that act more efficiently than traditional antibiotics is becoming a necessity to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Here we report the efficacy of laser-light-irradiated 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (mTHPP) loaded onto an ethylcellulose (EC)/chitosan (Chs) nanocomposite in eradicating multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Surface loading of the ethylcelllose/chitosan composite with mTHPP was carried out and the resulting nanocomposite was fully characterized. The results indicate that the prepared nanocomposite incorporates mTHPP inside, and that the composite acquired an overall positive charge. The incorporation of mTHPP into the nanocomposite enhanced the photo- and thermal stability. Different laser wavelengths (458; 476; 488; 515; 635 nm), powers (5-70 mW), and exposure times (15-45 min) were investigated in the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) experiments, with the best inhibition observed using 635 nm with the mTHPP EC/Chs nanocomposite for C. albicans (59 ± 0.21%), P. aeruginosa (71.7 ± 1.72%), and S. aureus (74.2 ± 1.26%) with illumination of only 15 min. Utilization of higher doses (70 mW) for longer periods achieved more eradication of microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Hasanin
- Cellulose & Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.O.S.); Tel.: +353-1-896-8537 (M.O.S.)
| | - Mohamed Fikry
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza P.O. 12613, Egypt;
| | - Yasser M. Shaker
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.S.); (A.M.K.S.)
| | - Ayman M. K. Sweed
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.S.); (A.M.K.S.)
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.O.S.); Tel.: +353-1-896-8537 (M.O.S.)
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12
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Castro KA, Rodrigues JM, Faustino M, Tomé JP, Cavaleiro JA, Neves MDGP, Simões MM. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange mediated by a silica coated nanomagnet porphyrin hybrid. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Majumdar R, Wannasiri C, Sukwattanasinitt M, Ervithayasuporn V. Porous silsesquioxane cage and porphyrin nanocomposites: sensing and adsorption for heavy metals and anions. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01698e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A porous silsesquioxane cage/porphyrin nanocomposite was designed as a dual fluorescent probe for the sensing and adsorption of both heavy metal ions and anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)
- Center for Inorganic and Materials Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
| | - Chidchanok Wannasiri
- Department of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)
- Center for Inorganic and Materials Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
| | - Mongkol Sukwattanasinitt
- Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok
| | - Vuthichai Ervithayasuporn
- Department of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)
- Center for Inorganic and Materials Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
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14
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The great performance of TiO2 nanotubes electrodes modified by copper(II)porphyrin in the reduction of carbon dioxide to alcohol. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Bhansali K, Raut S, Barange S, Bhagat P. Sulphonic acid functionalized porphyrin anchored with a meso-substituted triazolium ionic liquid moiety: a heterogeneous photo-catalyst for metal/base free C–C cross-coupling and C–N/C–H activation using aryl chloride under visible light irradiation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03637d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report an easy process to synthesize sulphonic acid functionalized porphyrin with meso-substituted triazolium ionic liquid moiety for metal/base free C–C cross-coupling and C–N/C–H activation using aryl chloride under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Bhansali
- Department of Chemisty
- School of Advanced Science
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632014
- India
| | - Subodh Raut
- Department of Chemisty
- School of Advanced Science
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632014
- India
| | - Shital Barange
- Department of Chemisty
- School of Advanced Science
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632014
- India
| | - Pundlik Bhagat
- Department of Chemisty
- School of Advanced Science
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632014
- India
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16
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Catalytic comparison of various polar Zn(II)-Schiff base complexes and VO(II)-Schiff base complexes in (ep)oxidation processes of 1,2-cyclohexene and cyclohexane. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Pinto SMA, Vinagreiro CS, Tomé VA, Piccirillo G, Damas L, Pereira MM. Nitrobenzene method: A keystone in meso-substituted halogenated porphyrin synthesis and applications. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article briefly describes the available synthetic approaches for meso-arylporphyrins giving particular emphasis for one-pot nitrobenzene and nitrobenzene/NaY methods regarding the synthesis of meso-halogenated arylporphyrins. The review also describes the relevant applications of these halogenated porphyrins and their metalloporphyrin counterparts, prepared via nitrobenzene method, as photosensitizers for therapy (PDT and PDI), diagnostic (molecular contrast agents) and also for catalytic oxidation and CO2 cycloaddition reactions to epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. A. Pinto
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina S. Vinagreiro
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa A. Tomé
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giusi Piccirillo
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Damas
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariette M. Pereira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Castro KADF, Figueira F, Almeida Paz FA, Tomé JPC, da Silva RS, Nakagaki S, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS, Simões MMQ. Copper-phthalocyanine coordination polymer as a reusable catechol oxidase biomimetic catalyst. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8144-8152. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of a new phthalocyanine coordination polymer (Cu4CuPcSPy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. D. F. Castro
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Flávio Figueira
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | | | - João P. C. Tomé
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Roberto S. da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of São Paulo
- Ribeirão Preto
- Brazil
| | - Shirley Nakagaki
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Paraná
- Curitiba
- Brazil
| | | | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Mário M. Q. Simões
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
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19
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Branco TM, Valério NC, Jesus VIR, Dias CJ, Neves MG, Faustino MA, Almeida A. Single and combined effects of photodynamic therapy and antibiotics to inactivate Staphylococcus aureus on skin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 21:285-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Antonangelo AR, Grazia Bezzu C, Mughal SS, Malewschik T, McKeown NB, Nakagaki S. A porphyrin-based microporous network polymer that acts as an efficient catalyst for cyclooctene and cyclohexane oxidation under mild conditions. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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21
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Castro KADF, Figueira F, Mendes RF, Cavaleiro JAS, Neves MDGPMS, Simões MMQ, Almeida Paz FA, Tomé JPC, Nakagaki S. Copper-Porphyrin-Metal-Organic Frameworks as Oxidative Heterogeneous Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. D. F. Castro
- Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catálise; Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CP 19081; CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- QOPNA & Departamento de Química; Universidade de Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Flávio Figueira
- QOPNA & Departamento de Química; Universidade de Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Ricardo F. Mendes
- CICECO-Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro & Departamento de Química; Universidade de Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- QOPNA & Departamento de Química; Universidade de Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | | | - Mário M. Q. Simões
- QOPNA & Departamento de Química; Universidade de Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Filipe A. Almeida Paz
- CICECO-Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro & Departamento de Química; Universidade de Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - João P. C. Tomé
- QOPNA & Departamento de Química; Universidade de Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Shirley Nakagaki
- Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catálise; Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CP 19081; CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
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22
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Doble S, Osinski AJ, Holland SM, Fisher JM, Geier GR, Belosludov RV, Ziegler CJ, Nemykin VN. Magnetic Circular Dichroism of Transition-Metal Complexes of Perfluorophenyl-N-Confused Porphyrins: Inverting Electronic Structure through a Proton. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3689-3698. [PMID: 28475333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutral and deprotonated anionic Ni(II), Pd(II), Cu(II), and Cu(III) complexes of tetrakis(perfluorophenyl)-N-confused porphyrin (PF-NCP) were prepared and investigated by UV-visible and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopies. As in the previously reported Ni(II) adduct of tetraphenyl N-confused porphyrin, we observe sign reverse (positive to negative intensities with increasing energy) features in the MCD spectra of the neutral Ni(II), Pd(II), and Cu(II) complexes of PF-NCP, which is indicative of rare ΔHOMO < ΔLUMO relationships. Upon deprotonation of Ni(II), Pd(II), and Cu(II) complexes, these features revert to those of more typical porphyrin MCD spectra consistent with a ΔHOMO > ΔLUMO condition. The Cu(III) PF-NCP complex shows features similar to those of the deprotonated divalent metal systems. Spectroscopic features in all target complexes as well as previously published metal-free and Ni(II) NCP systems were correlated with the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations. Calculation data are consistent with the tautomeric rearrangement of the electronic structures of NCP cores playing dominant roles, with smaller contribution from the central metal ions in the observed optical and magneto-optical properties. This is true for all described NCP systems to date, as they affect the stabilization/destabilization of the N-confused porphyrin-centered Gouterman orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Doble
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota-Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Allen J Osinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Shelby M Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University , Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Julia M Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University , Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - G Richard Geier
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University , Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Rodion V Belosludov
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Christopher J Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota-Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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23
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da Silva VS, dos Santos Vieira WC, Meireles AM, Ucoski GM, Nakagaki S, Idemori YM, DeFreitas-Silva G. Biomimetic oxidation of cyclic and linear alkanes: high alcohol selectivity promoted by a novel manganese porphyrin catalyst. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03072f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel β-brominated Mn-porphyrin acts as a good catalyst for alkane (cyclohexane, adamantine and n-hexane) oxidation in biomimetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Santos da Silva
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)
- 31.270-901
- Belo Horizonte
| | | | - Alexandre Moreira Meireles
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)
- 31.270-901
- Belo Horizonte
| | - Geani Maria Ucoski
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Catálise
- Departamento de Química – Centro Politécnico
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)
- 81.531-980
- Curitiba
| | - Shirley Nakagaki
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Catálise
- Departamento de Química – Centro Politécnico
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)
- 81.531-980
- Curitiba
| | - Ynara Marina Idemori
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)
- 31.270-901
- Belo Horizonte
| | - Gilson DeFreitas-Silva
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)
- 31.270-901
- Belo Horizonte
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24
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Castro KA, de Lima FH, Simões MM, Neves MGP, Paz FAA, Mendes RF, Nakagaki S, Cavaleiro JA. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity under homogeneous conditions of ethylene glycol substituted porphyrin manganese(III) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Figueira F, Rodrigues JM, Farinha AA, Cavaleiro JA, Tomé JP. Synthesis and anion binding properties of porphyrins and related compounds. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616300135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades the preparation of pyrrole-based receptors for anion recognition has attracted considerable attention. In this regard porphyrins, phthalocyanines and expanded porphyrins have been used as strong and selective receptors while the combination of those with different techniques and materials can boost their applicability in different applications as chemosensors and extracting systems. Improvements in the field, including the synthesis of this kind of compounds, can contribute to the development of efficient, cheap, and easy-to-prepare anion receptors. Extensive efforts have been made to improve the affinity and selectivity of these compounds and the continuous expansion of related research makes this chemistry even more promising. In this review, we summarize the most recent developments in anion binding studies while outlining the strategies that may be used to synthesize and functionalize these type of macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Figueira
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João M.M. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia A.S. Farinha
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - José A.S. Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João P.C. Tomé
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent, B-9000, Belgium
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26
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27
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Fernández L, Esteves VI, Cunha Â, Schneider RJ, Tomé JP. Photodegradation of organic pollutants in water by immobilized porphyrins and phthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461630007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
New methods for water treatment are required as a result from an increasing awareness in the reduction of the pollution impact in the environment. In the perspective of the photo-oxidation of organic pollutants present in water, the principal incentive for the preparation of heterogeneous photocatalysts is their easy recovery from the reaction mixture, which allows their reuse in successive runs, minimizing the loss of their original photocatalytic properties. Different types of supports can be used in the immobilization of photoactive species, such as porphyrins (Pors) and phthalocyanines (Pcs). This mini-review will consider the different methodologies for the immobilization of Pors and Pcs and their photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of organic pollutants in water, addressing also their recycling ability in successive water treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Fernández
- QOPNA, and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I. Esteves
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ângela Cunha
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Rudolf J. Schneider
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, D-12205, Germany
| | - João P.C. Tomé
- QOPNA, and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent, B-9000, Belgium
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28
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Bhupathiraju NVSDK, Rizvi W, Batteas JD, Drain CM. Fluorinated porphyrinoids as efficient platforms for new photonic materials, sensors, and therapeutics. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:389-408. [PMID: 26514229 PMCID: PMC6180335 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01839k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrinoids are robust heterocyclic dyes studied extensively for their applications in medicine and as photonic materials because of their tunable photophysical properties, diverse means of modifying the periphery, and the ability to chelate most transition metals. Commercial applications include their use as phthalocyanine dyes in optical discs, porphyrins in photodynamic therapy, and as oxygen sensors. Most applications of these dyes require exocyclic moieties to improve solubility, target diseases, modulate photophysical properties, or direct the self-organization into architectures with desired photonic properties. The synthesis of the porphyrinoid depends on the desired application, but the de novo synthesis often involves several steps, is time consuming, and results in low isolated yields. Thus, the application of core porphyrinoid platforms that can be rapidly and efficiently modified to evaluate new molecular architectures allows researchers to focus on the design concepts rather than the synthesis methods, and opens porphyrinoid chemistry to a broader scientific community. We have focused on several widely available, commercially viable porphyrinoids as platforms: meso-perfluorophenylporphyrin, perfluorophthalocyanine, and meso-perfluorophenylcorrole. The perfluorophenylporphyrin is readily converted to the chlorin, bacteriochlorin, and isobacteriochlorin. Derivatives of all six of these core platforms can be efficiently and controllably made via mild nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions using primary S, N, and O nucleophiles bearing a wide variety of functional groups. The remaining fluoro groups enhance the photo and oxidative stability of the dyes and can serve as spectroscopic signatures to characterize the compounds or in imaging applications using (19)F NMR. This review provides an overview of the chemistry of fluorinated porphyrinoids that are being used as a platform to create libraries of photo-active compounds for applications in medicine and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V S Dinesh K Bhupathiraju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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