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Mahato S, VandeVen W, MacNeil GA, Pulfer JM, Storr T. Untangling ancillary ligand donation versus locus of oxidation effects on metal nitride reactivity. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2211-2220. [PMID: 38332824 PMCID: PMC10848731 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We detail the relative role of ancillary ligand electron-donating ability in comparison to the locus of oxidation (either metal or ligand) on the electrophilic reactivity of a series of oxidized Mn salen nitride complexes. The electron-donating ability of the ancillary salen ligand was tuned via the para-phenolate substituent (R = CF3, H, tBu, OiPr, NMe2, NEt2) in order to have minimal effect on the geometry at the metal center. Through a suite of experimental (electrochemistry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy) and theoretical (density functional theory) techniques, we have demonstrated that metal-based oxidation to [MnVI(SalR)N]+ occurs for R = CF3, H, tBu, OiPr, while ligand radical formation to [MnV(SalR)N]+˙ occurs with the more electron-donating substituents R = NMe2, NEt2. We next investigated the reactivity of the electrophilic nitride with triarylphosphines to form a MnIV phosphoraneiminato adduct and determined that the rate of reaction decreases as the electron-donating ability of the salen para-phenolate substituent is increased. Using a Hammett plot, we find a break in the Hammett relation between R = OiPr and R = NMe2, without a change in mechanism, consistent with the locus of oxidation exhibiting a dominant effect on nitride reactivity, and not the overall donating ability of the ancillary salen ligand. This work differentiates between the subtle and interconnected effects of ancillary ligand electron-donating ability, and locus of oxidation, on electrophilic nitride reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyadeb Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Warren VandeVen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Gregory A MacNeil
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Jason M Pulfer
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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2
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Cosio MN, Powers DC. Prospects and challenges for nitrogen-atom transfer catalysis. NATURE REVIEWS. CHEMISTRY 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00482-1. [PMID: 37117815 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of C-H bonds to C-N bonds via C-H amination promises to streamline the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds. Nitrogen-group transfer (NGT) from metal nitrenes ([M]-NR complexes) has been the focus of intense research and development. By contrast, potentially complementary nitrogen-atom transfer (NAT) chemistry, in which a terminal metal nitride (an [M]-N complex) engages with a C-H bond, is underdeveloped. Although the earliest examples of stoichiometric NAT chemistry were reported 25 years ago, catalytic protocols are only now beginning to emerge. Here, we summarize the current state of the art in NAT chemistry and discuss opportunities and challenges for its development. We highlight the synthetic complementarity of NGT and NAT and discuss critical aspects of nitride electronic structure that dictate the philicity of the metal-supported nitrogen atom. We also examine the characteristic reactivity of metal nitrides and present emerging strategies and remaining obstacles to harnessing NAT for selective, catalytic nitrogenation of unfunctionalized organic small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario N Cosio
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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3
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Tran BG, Carta V, Pink M, Caulton KG, Smith JM. Facile Addition of B-H and B-B Bonds to an Iron(IV) Nitride Complex. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19800-19805. [PMID: 36441910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nitride ligand in the iron(IV) complex PhB(iPr2Im)3Fe≡N reacts with boron hydrides to afford PhB(iPr2Im)3FeN(B)H (B = 9-BBN (1), Bpin (2)) and with (Bpin)2 to afford PhB(iPr2Im)3FeN(Bpin)2 (3). The iron(II) borylamido products have all been structurally and spectroscopically characterized, demonstrating facile insertion into B-H and B-B bonds by PhB(iPr2Im)3Fe≡N. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the quintet state (S = 2) is significantly lower in energy than the singlet (S = 0) and triplet (S = 1) states for all products. Stoichiometric reaction with (Bpin)2 does not produce the mono-borylated iron imido species PhB(iPr2Im)3FeN(Bpin). DFT calculations suggest that this is because PhB(iPr2Im)3FeN(Bpin) is unstable toward disproportionation to the starting iron(IV) nitride and PhB(iPr2Im)3FeN(Bpin)2. Attempts at B-C bond insertion using phenyl- and benzyl-pinacol borane were unsuccessful, which we attribute to unfavorable kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao G Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kenneth G Caulton
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jeremy M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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4
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Martelino D, Mahato S, VandeVen W, Hein NM, Clarke RM, MacNeil GA, Thomas F, Storr T. Chromium Nitride Umpolung Tuned by the Locus of Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11594-11607. [PMID: 35749669 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of a series of CrV nitride salen complexes (CrVNSalR) with different para-phenolate substituents (R = CF3, tBu, NMe2) was investigated to determine how the locus of oxidation (either metal or ligand) dictates reactivity at the nitride. Para-phenolate substituents were chosen to provide maximum variation in the electron-donating ability of the tetradentate ligand at a site remote from the metal coordination sphere. We show that one-electron oxidation affords CrVI nitrides ([CrVINSalR]+; R = CF3, tBu) and a localized CrV nitride phenoxyl radical for the more electron-donating NMe2 substituent ([CrVNSalNMe2]•+). The facile nitride homocoupling observed for the MnVI analogues was significantly attenuated for the CrVI complexes due to a smaller increase in nitride character in the M≡N π* orbitals for Cr relative to Mn. Upon oxidation, both the calculated nitride natural population analysis (NPA) charge and energy of molecular orbitals associated with the {Cr≡N} unit change to a lesser extent for the CrV ligand radical derivative ([CrVNSalNMe2]•+) in comparison to the CrVI derivatives ([CrVINSalR]+; R = CF3, tBu). As a result, [CrVNSalNMe2]•+ reacts with B(C6F5)3, thus exhibiting similar nucleophilic reactivity to the neutral CrV nitride derivatives. In contrast, the CrVI derivatives ([CrVINSalR]+; R = CF3, tBu) act as electrophiles, displaying facile reactivity with PPh3 and no reaction with B(C6F5)3. Thus, while oxidation to the ligand radical does not change the reactivity profile, metal-based oxidation to CrVI results in umpolung, a switch from nucleophilic to electrophilic reactivity at the terminal nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martelino
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Samyadeb Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Warren VandeVen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nicholas M Hein
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ryan M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Gregory A MacNeil
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Fabrice Thomas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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5
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G Jafari M, Fehn D, Reinholdt A, Hernández-Prieto C, Patel P, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Krzystek J, Liu C, Ozarowski A, Telser J, Delferro M, Meyer K, Mindiola DJ. Tale of Three Molecular Nitrides: Mononuclear Vanadium (V) and (IV) Nitrides As Well As a Mixed-Valence Trivanadium Nitride Having a V 3N 4 Double-Diamond Core. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10201-10219. [PMID: 35652694 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transmetallation of [VCl3(THF)3] and [TlTptBu,Me] afforded [(TptBu,Me)VCl2] (1, TptBu,Me = hydro-tris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate), which was reduced with KC8 to form a C3v symmetric VII complex, [(TptBu,Me)VCl] (2). Complex 1 has a high-spin (S = 1) ground state and displays rhombic high-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) spectra, while complex 2 has an S = 3/2 4A2 ground state observable by conventional EPR spectroscopy. Complex 1 reacts with NaN3 to form the VV nitride-azide complex [(TptBu,Me)V≡N(N3)] (3). A likely VIII azide intermediate en route to 3, [(TptBu,Me)VCl(N3)] (4), was isolated by reacting 1 with N3SiMe3. Complex 4 is thermally stable but reacts with NaN3 to form 3, implying a bis-azide intermediate, [(TptBu,Me)V(N3)2] (A), leading to 3. Reduction of 3 with KC8 furnishes a trinuclear and mixed-valent nitride, [{(TptBu,Me)V}2(μ4-VN4)] (5), conforming to a Robin-Day class I description. Complex 5 features a central vanadium ion supported only by bridging nitride ligands. Contrary to 1, complex 2 reacts with NaN3 to produce an azide-bridged dimer, [{(TptBu,Me)V}2(1,3-μ2-N3)2] (6), with two antiferromagnetically coupled high-spin VII ions. Complex 5 could be independently produced along with [(κ2-TptBu,Me)2V] upon photolysis of 6 in arene solvents. The putative {VIV≡N} intermediate, [(TptBu,Me)V≡N] (B), was intercepted by photolyzing 6 in a coordinating solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), yielding [(TptBu,Me)V≡N(THF)] (B-THF). In arene solvents, B-THF expels THF to afford 5 and [(κ2-TptBu,Me)2V]. A more stable adduct (B-OPPh3) was prepared by reacting B-THF with OPPh3. These adducts of B are the first neutral and mononuclear VIV nitride complexes to be isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrafshan G Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anders Reinholdt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cristina Hernández-Prieto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Prajay Patel
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - J Krzystek
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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6
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Zhang S, Cui P, Liu T, Wang Q, Longo TJ, Thierer LM, Manor BC, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Papaefthymiou GC, Tomson NC. N-H Bond Formation at a Diiron Bridging Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15215-15219. [PMID: 32441448 PMCID: PMC7680347 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite their connection to ammonia synthesis, little is known about the ability of iron-bound, bridging nitrides to form N-H bonds. Herein we report a linear diiron bridging nitride complex supported by a redox-active macrocycle. The unique ability of the ligand scaffold to adapt to the geometric preference of the bridging species was found to facilitate the formation of N-H bonds via proton-coupled electron transfer to generate a μ-amide product. The structurally analogous μ-silyl- and μ-borylamide complexes were shown to form from the net insertion of the nitride into the E-H bonds (E=B, Si). Protonation of the parent bridging amide produced ammonia in high yield, and treatment of the nitride with PhSH was found to liberate NH3 in high yield through a reaction that engages the redox-activity of the ligand during PCET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peng Cui
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tianchang Liu
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qiuran Wang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas J Longo
- Department of Physics, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Laura M Thierer
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brian C Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Neil C Tomson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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7
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Zhang S, Cui P, Liu T, Wang Q, Longo TJ, Thierer LM, Manor BC, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Papaefthymiou GC, Tomson NC. N−H Bond Formation at a Diiron Bridging Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Peng Cui
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Tianchang Liu
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Qiuran Wang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Thomas J. Longo
- Department of Physics Villanova University Villanova PA 19085 USA
| | - Laura M. Thierer
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Brian C. Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Michael R. Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Neil C. Tomson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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8
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Lugosan A, Cundari T, Fleming K, Dickie DA, Zeller M, Ghannam J, Lee WT. Synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations, and reactivity study of a nitrido-bridged dimeric vanadium(iv) complex. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1200-1206. [PMID: 31903457 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two vanadium(iii) complexes, CztBu(PyriPr)2VCl2 (1) and CztBu(PyriPr)2V(N3)2 (2), were synthesized and characterized. Chemical reduction of both 1 and 2 gives the thermally stable nitrido-bridged vanadium(iv) dimer complex, [{CztBu(PyriPr)2}V]2(μ-N)2 (3), which is a rare example of a dimeric vanadium(iv) complex bridged by two nitrido ligands. The nitride ligands of 3 are unreactive due to the well-protected environment provided by the pincer ligand and its substituents, as is supported by its X-ray crystal structure and further described by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lugosan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA.
| | - Thomas Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Kristin Fleming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA.
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jack Ghannam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA.
| | - Wei-Tsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA.
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9
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Najafian A, Cundari TR. Effect of Appended S-Block Metal Ion Crown Ethers on Redox Properties and Catalytic Activity of Mn–Nitride Schiff Base Complexes: Methane Activation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12254-12263. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Najafian
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, no. 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, no. 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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10
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Chantarojsiri T, Reath AH, Yang JY. Cationic Charges Leading to an Inverse Free‐Energy Relationship for N−N Bond Formation by Mn
VI
Nitrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14037-14042. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teera Chantarojsiri
- Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Jenny Y. Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA
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11
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Chantarojsiri T, Reath AH, Yang JY. Cationic Charges Leading to an Inverse Free‐Energy Relationship for N−N Bond Formation by Mn
VI
Nitrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teera Chantarojsiri
- Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Jenny Y. Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA
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12
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Yao C, Wang X, Huang KW. Nitrogen atom transfer mediated by a new PN3P-pincer nickel core via a putative nitrido nickel intermediate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3940-3943. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09804a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic cycle for a complete nitrogen atom transfer reaction is achieved by irradiating the (PN3P)Ni(N3)/RNC mixture and subsequent treatment of the resultant products with alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguang Yao
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiufang Wang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
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13
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Mellino S, Stevenson LC, Clot E, Mountford P. Reactions of Titanium Imides and Hydrazides with Boranes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mellino
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Laura C. Stevenson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Eric Clot
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, cc 1501, Place Eugéne Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Philip Mountford
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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14
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Clarke RM, Storr T. Tuning Electronic Structure To Control Manganese Nitride Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15299-15302. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S4
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S4
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15
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McQuilken AC, Dao QM, Cardenas AJP, Bertke JA, Grimme S, Warren TH. A Frustrated and Confused Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14335-14339. [PMID: 27735119 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report a new class of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) by the hydroboration of bulky isocyanates iPr2 ArNCO (iPr2 Ar=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) and Ph2tBu ArNCO (Ph2tBu Ar=2,6-Ph2 -4-tBuC6 H2 ) with Piers' borane (HB(C6 F5 )2 ). While hydroboration of smaller isocyanates such as iPr2 ArNCO leads to isocyanate-N/B FLP adducts, hydroboration of the bulkier Ph2tBu ArNCO allows isolation of the substrate-free aminoborane with a short, covalent N-B bond. This confused FLP reversibly binds unsaturated substrates such as isocyanates and isocyanides, suggesting the intermediacy of a "normal" FLP along the reaction pathway, supported by high-level DFT studies and variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy. These results underscore the possibility of FLP behavior in systems that possess no obvious frustrated Lewis acid-base interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C McQuilken
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, DC, 20057-1227, USA
| | - Quang Minh Dao
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Allan Jay P Cardenas
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, DC, 20057-1227, USA.,Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Fredonia, 221 Science Center, Fredonia, NY, 14064, USA
| | - Jeffery A Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, DC, 20057-1227, USA
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Deutschland.
| | - Timothy H Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, DC, 20057-1227, USA.
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16
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McQuilken AC, Dao QM, Cardenas AJP, Bertke JA, Grimme S, Warren TH. A Frustrated and Confused Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. McQuilken
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Quang Minh Dao
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie; Universität Bonn; Beringstraße 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Allan Jay P. Cardenas
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
- Department of Chemistry; State University of New York at Fredonia; 221 Science Center Fredonia NY 14064 USA
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie; Universität Bonn; Beringstraße 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
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17
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Grant LN, Pinter B, Kurogi T, Carroll ME, Wu G, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Mindiola DJ. Molecular titanium nitrides: nucleophiles unleashed. Chem Sci 2016; 8:1209-1224. [PMID: 28451262 PMCID: PMC5369542 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03422e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivity studies of a rare example of a molecular titanium nitride are presented. A combination of theory and NMR spectroscopy provide a description of the bonding in the these nitrides, the role of the counter cation, K+, as well as the origin of their highly downfield 15N NMR spectroscopic shifts.
In this contribution we present reactivity studies of a rare example of a titanium salt, in the form of [μ2-K(OEt2)]2[(PN)2Ti
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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N]2 (1) (PN– = N-(2-(diisopropylphosphino)-4-methylphenyl)-2,4,6-trimethylanilide) to produce a series of imide moieties including rare examples such as methylimido, borylimido, phosphonylimido, and a parent imido. For the latter, using various weak acids allowed us to narrow the pKa range of the NH group in (PN)2TiNH to be between 26–36. Complex 1 could be produced by a reductively promoted elimination of N2 from the azide precursor (PN)2TiN3, whereas reductive splitting of N2 could not be achieved using the complex (PN)2Ti
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NNTi(PN)2 (2) and a strong reductant. Complete N-atom transfer reactions could also be observed when 1 was treated with ClC(O)tBu and OCCPh2 to form NCtBu and KNCCPh2, respectively, along with the terminal oxo complex (PN)2TiO, which was also characterized. A combination of solid state 15N NMR (MAS) and theoretical studies allowed us to understand the shielding effect of the counter cation in dimer 1, the monomer [K(18-crown-6)][(PN)2TiN], and the discrete salt [K(2,2,2-Kryptofix)][(PN)2TiN] as well as the origin of the highly downfield 15N NMR resonance when shifting from dimer to monomer to a terminal nitride (discrete salt). The upfield shift of 15Nnitride resonance in the 15N NMR spectrum was found to be linked to the K+ induced electronic structural change of the titanium-nitride functionality by using a combination of MO analysis and quantum chemical analysis of the corresponding shielding tensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Grant
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
| | - Balazs Pinter
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC) , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Takashi Kurogi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
| | - Maria E Carroll
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Brian C Manor
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
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18
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Liao Q, Cavaillé A, Saffon-Merceron N, Mézailles N. Direct Synthesis of Silylamine from N2and a Silane: Mediated by a Tridentate Phosphine Molybdenum Fragment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11212-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liao
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Anthony Cavaillé
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-FR2599; Université Paul Sabatier; 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
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19
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Liao Q, Cavaillé A, Saffon-Merceron N, Mézailles N. Direct Synthesis of Silylamine from N2and a Silane: Mediated by a Tridentate Phosphine Molybdenum Fragment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liao
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Anthony Cavaillé
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-FR2599; Université Paul Sabatier; 31062 Toulouse Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée; Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS; 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
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20
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Hohloch S, Kriegel BM, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Group 5 chemistry supported by β-diketiminate ligands. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15725-15745. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01770c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
β-Diketiminate (BDI) ligands are widely used supporting ligands in modern organometallic chemistry and are capable of stabilizing various metal complexes in multiple oxidation states and coordination environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
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21
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Stevenson LC, Mellino S, Clot E, Mountford P. Reactions of Titanium Hydrazides with Silanes and Boranes: N-N Bond Cleavage and N Atom Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10140-3. [PMID: 26226513 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of Ti(N2(iPr)N)(NNPh2)(py) with Ph(R)SiH2 (R = H, Ph) or 9-BBN gave reductive cleavage of the N(α)-N(β) bond and formation of new silyl- or boryl-amido ligands. The corresponding reactions of Cp*Ti{MeC(N(i)Pr)2}(NNR2) (R = Me or Ph) with HBPin or 9-BBN gave borylhydrazido-hydride or borylimido products, respectively. N(α) and N(β) atom transfer and dehydrogenative coupling reactions are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Stevenson
- †Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Simona Mellino
- †Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Eric Clot
- ‡Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, CNRS 5253, Université Montpellier, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Philip Mountford
- †Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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