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Gu H, Sun X, Zhao Q, Wang H, Cheng X, Yang C, Qiu D. Near-IR Electrochromic Film with High Optical Contrast and Stability Prepared by Oxidative Electropolymerization of Triphenylamine Modified Terpyridine Platinum(II) Chloride. Molecules 2023; 28:8027. [PMID: 38138516 PMCID: PMC10745481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpyridine (TPY) platinum(II) chloride with a triphenylamine (TPA) group was successfully synthesized. The strong intramolecular Donor(TPA)-Acceptor(TPY) interaction induced the low-energy absorption band, mixing the spin-allowed singlet dπ(Pt)→π*(TPY) metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) with the chloride ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and chloride ligand-to-ligand (TPY) charge transfer (LLCT) transitions, to bathochromically shift to λmax = 449 nm with significant enhancement and broadening effects. Using the cyclic voltammetry method, its oxidative electropolymerization (EP) films on working Pt disk and ITO electrodes were produced with tunable thickness and diffusion controlled redox behavior, which were characterized by the SEM, EDS, FT-IR, and AC impedance methods. Upon applying +1.4 V voltage, the sandwich-type electrochromic device (ECD) with ca. 290 nm thickness of the EP film exhibits a distinct color transformation from red (CIE coordinates: L = 50.75, a = 18.58, b = 5.69) to dark blue (CIE coordinates: L = 45.65, a = -1.35, b = -12.49). Good electrochromic (EC) parameters, such as a large optical contrast (ΔT%) of 78%, quick coloration and bleaching response times of 2.9 s and 1.1 s, high coloration and bleaching efficiencies of 278.0 and 390.5 C-1·cm2, and good cycling stability (maintains 70% of the initial ΔT% value after 3200 voltage switching cycles), were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Gu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xinfeng Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Dongfang Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
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Pi Q, Li L, Qiu D, Wang H, Cheng X, Yang C, Zhao Q, Zhou M. Pale yellow-to-dark blue electrochromic film produced by oxidation electropolymerization of a triphenylamine derivative with an enhanced electron-withdrawing group. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang HH, Yang QY, Qi XW, Sun SS, Li BS, Zhang DS, Zhang XP, Shi ZF. Improved mechanochromism and mechanoluminescence in fluoro-substituted N^N^C-coordinating cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Soto MA, Kandel R, MacLachlan MJ. Chromic Platinum Complexes Containing Multidentate Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Soto
- Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Raksha Kandel
- Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Mark J. MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z1 Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute University of British Columbia 2355 East Mall Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
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Kozina DO, Shakirova JR, Galenko EE, Porsev VV, Gurzhiy VV, Khlebnikov AF, Tunik SP. Unusual Reactivity and Photophysical Properties of Platinum(II) Pincer Complexes Containing 6,6'‐Diphenyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria O. Kozina
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Julia R. Shakirova
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Ekaterina E. Galenko
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vitaly V. Porsev
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vladislav V. Gurzhiy
- Institute of Earth Sciences St. Petersburg State University University emb. 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Alexander F. Khlebnikov
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
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Mondal S, Chandra Santra D, Ninomiya Y, Yoshida T, Higuchi M. Dual-Redox System of Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers for Visible-to-Near-IR Modulable Electrochromism and Durable Device Fabrication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58277-58286. [PMID: 33326234 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dual-redox metallo-supramolecular polymers with a zigzag structure (polyFe-N and polyRu-N) were successfully synthesized by 1:1 complexation of a redox-active Fe(II) or Ru(II) ion and 4,4-bis(2,2:6,2-terpyridinyl)phenyl-triphenylamine (LTPA) as a redox-active ligand. The polymers had high solubility in methanol, and the polymer solutions showed dark brown (polyFe-N) or orange-red (polyRu-N) coloration. UV-vis spectra of the polymers displayed a strong metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption in the visible region. Cyclic voltammograms of the polymer films exhibited two pairs of reversible redox waves. The first redox at ∼0.5 V versus Ag/Ag+ was assigned to the redox in the triphenylamine (TPA) moiety of LTPA, and the second redox at 0.8 V versus Ag/Ag+ (polyFe-N) or 0.9 V versus Ag/Ag+ (polyRu-N) was given to the redox of Fe(II)/(III) or Ru(II)/(III), respectively. Upon applying a positive potential of more than 0.5 V versus Ag/Ag+ to the polymer films, a new absorption at ∼820 nm in the near-infrared (NIR) region appeared with wide tailing to the longer wavelength. It is considered that the new absorption in the NIR region is caused by the polaron band of the oxidized ligand in the polymers. When the applied potential was increased to 1.0 V versus Ag/Ag+ (polyFe-N) or 1.1 V versus Ag/Ag+ (polyRu-N), the maximum wavelength of the new absorption in the NIR region shifted to 885-900 nm and the absorbance was further enhanced with disappearance of the MLCT absorption. Eventually, the original colors of the polymers were faint to light green. This visible-to-NIR electrochromism was reversible, and maximum optical contrast (ΔT) reached 52% in the visible region and 80% in the NIR region. A prototype solid-state device with the polymer was fabricated for practical utilization, exhibiting excellent cycle stability of >4000 cycles with maintaining high optical contrast from the visible-to-NIR range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Mondal
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dines Chandra Santra
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ninomiya
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yoshida
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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7
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Banasz R, Kubicki M, Wałęsa-Chorab M. Yellow-to-brown and yellow-to-green electrochromic devices based on complexes of transition metal ions with a triphenylamine-based ligand. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15041-15053. [PMID: 33103702 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03232h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transmissive-to-colored electrochromism has been achieved by combination of MLCT of transition metal complexes with the electrochromic properties of ligand molecules. The color transitions were from yellow to dark brown for the Fe(ii) complex, yellow to orange to bluish-green for the Co(ii) complex and yellow to green for the Zn(ii) complex. By using a metal ion-ligand coordination approach, the self-assembly of hydrazone-based ligands containing a triphenylamine group with appropriate metal salts (FeCl2, Co(ClO4)2 and Zn(BF4)2) produced novel complexes of the general formula [ML2]X2. The isolated complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods, and the Co(ii) complex also by X-ray diffraction analysis. Thin films of the complexes have been obtained by a spray-coating method and they were used in the construction of electrochromic devices, which showed good electrochromic stability, a high color contrast of 47.5% for Fe(ii), 37.2% for Co(ii) and 33.7% for Zn(ii) complexes and fast coloring and bleaching times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Banasz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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Yin H, Yang T, Wang KZ, Tong J, Yu SY. Unusual Photoelectrochemical Properties of Electropolymerized Films of a Triphenylamine-Containing Organic Small Molecule. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12620-12629. [PMID: 31500421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electropolymerized films of poly(L)n on an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode was prepared by anodic electrooxidation of a dichloromethane solution of a triphenylamine-carrying organic molecule L and were characterized/studied by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and photoelectrochemical measurements. Poly(L)n films were found to show surface-controlled TPA•+1/0 associated quasi-reversible redox and exceptionally high photocurrent generation properties. At a zero external bias potential and under 100 mW/cm2 white light irradiation, a photoelectrochemical device composed of a poly(L)1-modified ITO as the working electode, a platinum disk counter electrode, and saturated calomel electrode reference electrode in a 0.1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution exhibited a significant cathode photocurrent density of 2.2 μA/cm2, which could be switched to be anodic and outperform most previously reported molecule-based modified ITO electrodes under similar experimental conditions. The results indicate that poly(L)n films offer a number of future perspectives ranging from organic photovoltaic to photoelectrochemical catalysis and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yan Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Astruc D, Abd-El-Aziz AS. Metallopolymers for advanced sustainable applications. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:558-636. [PMID: 30506080 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00656j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the development of metallopolymers, there has been tremendous interest in the applications of this type of materials. The interest in these materials stems from their potential use in industry as catalysts, biomedical agents in healthcare, energy storage and production as well as climate change mitigation. The past two decades have clearly shown exponential growth in the development of many new classes of metallopolymers that address these issues. Today, metallopolymers are considered to be at the forefront for discovering new and sustainable heterogeneous catalysts, therapeutics for drug-resistant diseases, energy storage and photovoltaics, molecular barometers and thermometers, as well as carbon dioxide sequesters. The focus of this review is to highlight the advances in design of metallopolymers with specific sustainable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Wang
- Liaocheng University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 252059, Liaocheng, China.
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10
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Near-IR electrochromism of the electropolymerization film prepared from a cyclometalated dinuclear Pt(II) complex. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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11
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Liang Y, Strohecker D, Lynch V, Holliday BJ, Jones RA. A Thiophene-Containing Conductive Metallopolymer Using an Fe(II) Bis(terpyridine) Core for Electrochromic Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34568-34580. [PMID: 27936553 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three Fe(II) bis(terpyridine)-based complexes with thiophene (Fe(L1)2), bithiophene (Fe(L2)2), and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (Fe(L3)2) side chains were designed and synthesized for the purpose of providing two terminal active sites for electrochemical polymerization. The corresponding metallopolymers (poly-Fe(Ln)2, n = 2 or 3) were synthesized on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates via oxidative electropolymerization of the thiophene-substituted monomers and characterized using electrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The film poly-Fe(L2)2 was further studied for electrochromic (EC) color-switching properties and fabricated into a solid-state EC device. Poly-Fe(L2)2 films exhibit an intense MLCT absorption band at 596 nm (ε = 4.7 × 104 M-1 cm-1) in the UV-vis spectra without any applied voltage. Upon application of low potentials (between 1.1 and 0.4 V vs Fc+/Fc), the obtained electropolymerized film exhibited great contrast with a change of transmittance percentage (ΔT%) of 40% and a high coloration efficiency of 3823 cm2 C-1 with a switching time of 1 s. The film demonstrates commonplace stability and reversibility with a 10% loss in peak current intensity after 200 cyclic voltammetry cycles and almost no loss in change of transmittance (ΔT%) after 900 potential switches between 1.1 and 0.4 V (vs Fc+/Fc) with a time interval of 0.75 s. The electropolymerization of Fe(L2)2 provides convenient and controllable film fabrication. Electrochromic behavior was also achieved in a solid-state device composed of a poly-Fe(L2)2 film and a polymer-supported electrolyte sandwiched between two ITO-coated glass electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Daniel Strohecker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Vincent Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | | | - Richard A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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Shao JY, Yao CJ, Cui BB, Gong ZL, Zhong YW. Electropolymerized films of redox-active ruthenium complexes for multistate near-infrared electrochromism, ion sensing, and information storage. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tang JH, Yao CJ, Cui BB, Zhong YW. Ruthenium-Amine Conjugated Organometallic Materials for Multistate Near-IR Electrochromism and Information Storage. CHEM REC 2016; 16:754-67. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 2 Bei Yi Jie Zhong Guan Cun Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Chang-Jiang Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 2 Bei Yi Jie Zhong Guan Cun Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 2 Bei Yi Jie Zhong Guan Cun Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 2 Bei Yi Jie Zhong Guan Cun Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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Gu H, Ciganda R, Hernández R, Castel P, Vax A, Zhao P, Ruiz J, Astruc D. Diblock metallocopolymers containing various iron sandwich complexes: living ROMP synthesis and selective reversible oxidation. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New diblock copolymers containing two iron-sandwich complexes in the side chain have been synthesized and oxidized to obtain mixed-valent FeII–FeIII copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
- ISM
| | | | - Ricardo Hernández
- Facultad de Química de San Sebastián
- Universidad del País Vasco
- 20080 San Sebastián
- Spain
| | | | | | - Pengxiang Zhao
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621907
- China
| | - Jaime Ruiz
- ISM
- UMR CNRS No 5255
- Univ. Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence Cedex
- France
| | - Didier Astruc
- ISM
- UMR CNRS No 5255
- Univ. Bordeaux
- 33405 Talence Cedex
- France
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