1
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Waddell PM, Tian L, Scavuzzo AR, Venigalla L, Scholes GD, Carrow BP. Visible light-induced palladium-carbon bond weakening in catalytically relevant T-shaped complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14217-14228. [PMID: 38098701 PMCID: PMC10717500 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02588h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggering one-electron redox processes during palladium catalysis holds the potential to unlock new reaction mechanisms and synthetic methods not previously accessible in the typical two-electron reaction manifolds that dominate palladium catalysis. We report that T-shaped organopalladium(ii) complexes coordinated by a bulky monophosphine, a class of organometallic intermediate featured in a range of contemporary catalytic reactions, undergo blue light-promoted bond weakening leading to mild and efficient homolytic cleavage of strong Pd(ii)-C(sp3) bonds under ambient conditions. The origin of light-triggered radical formation in these systems, which lack an obvious ligand-based chromophore (i.e., π-systems), was investigated using a combination of DFT calculations, photoactinometry, and transient absorption spectroscopy. The available data suggest T-shaped organopalladium(ii) complexes manifest unusual blue light-accessible Pd-to-C(sp3) transition. The quantum efficiency and excited state lifetime of this process were unexpectedly superior compared to a prototypical (α-diimine)Pd(ii) complex featuring a low-lying, ligand-centered LUMO (π*). These results suggest coordinatively-unsaturated organopalladium(ii) compounds, catalysts in myriad catalytic processes, have untapped potential for one-electron reactivity under visible light excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Waddell
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | | | - Lalu Venigalla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Brad P Carrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
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2
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Vrána J, Němec V, Samsonov MA, Růžička A. On the edge of the steric repulsion and reactivity of bulky anilines; a case study of chloro(imino)phosphine synthesis. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14352-14361. [PMID: 34568883 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02445k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Benzhydryl-4-methyl-6-(1,1'-diphenyl-2-phenyl-ethyl)aniline was prepared by a three-step process. 2,6-Bis(benzhydryl)-4-methyl-aniline was protected by Schiff coupling, then benzylated and finally dealkylated by using hydrochloric acid and methanol. The resulting compound exhibits one of the highest buried volumes around the nitrogen atom of anilines prepared so far, but it reacts with phosphorus trichloride and triethylamine to give a monomeric chloro(imino)phosphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vrána
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vlastimil Němec
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Maksim A Samsonov
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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3
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Singh H, MacKay A, Sheibany N, Chen F, Mosser M, Rouet PÉ, Rousseau F, Askari MS, Ottenwaelder X. Intramolecular H-bond stabilization of a primary hydroxylamine in salen-type metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10403-10406. [PMID: 34545379 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary hydroxylamines, RNHOH, decompose readily in the presence of transition metal ions. We show that this reactivity can be arrested by ligand design via an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Six metal complexes with an intact NHOH group were synthesized and crystallographically characterized. The Cu-hydroxylamine complexes can catalyze the aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Alyson MacKay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Nooshin Sheibany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Maëlle Mosser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Pierre-Étienne Rouet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Frédéric Rousseau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mohammad S Askari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Xavier Ottenwaelder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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4
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Whited MT, Zhang J, Conley AM, Ma S, Janzen DE, Kohen D. Bimetallic, Silylene-Mediated Multielectron Reductions of Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1615-1619. [PMID: 32991759 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A metal/ligand cooperative approach to the reduction of small molecules by metal silylene complexes (R2 Si=M) is demonstrated, whereby silicon activates the incoming substrate and mediates net two-electron transformations by one-electron redox processes at two metal centers. An appropriately tuned cationic pincer cobalt(I) complex, featuring a central silylene donor, reacts with CO2 to afford a bimetallic siloxane, featuring two CoII centers, with liberation of CO; reaction of the silylene complex with ethylene yields a similar bimetallic product with an ethylene bridge. Experimental and computational studies suggest a plausible mechanism proceeding by [2+2] cycloaddition to the silylene complex, which is quite sensitive to the steric environment. The CoII /CoII products are reactive to oxidation and reduction. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a strategy for metal/ligand cooperative small-molecule activation that is well-suited to 3d metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Whited
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, 1 N. College St., Northfield, MN, USA
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, 1 N. College St., Northfield, MN, USA
| | - Anna M Conley
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, 1 N. College St., Northfield, MN, USA
| | - Senjie Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, 1 N. College St., Northfield, MN, USA
| | - Daron E Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Daniela Kohen
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, 1 N. College St., Northfield, MN, USA
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5
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Mu X, Hopp M, Dziedzic RM, Waddington MA, Rheingold AL, Sletten EM, Axtell JC, Spokoyny AM. Expanding the Scope of Palladium-Catalyzed B - N Cross-Coupling Chemistry in Carboranes. Organometallics 2020; 39:4380-4386. [PMID: 34012188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, a number of strategies for the functionalization of dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes (carboranes) have emerged. Despite these developments, B - N bond formation on the carborane scaffold remains a challenge due to the propensity of strong nucleophiles to partially deboronate the parent closo-carborane cluster into the corresponding nido form. Here we show that azide, sulfonamide, cyanate, and phosphoramidate nucleophiles can be straightforwardly cross-coupled onto the B(9) vertices of the o- and m-carborane core from readily accessible precursors without significant deboronation by-products, laying the groundwork for further study into the utility and properties of these new B-aminated carborane species. We further showcase select reactivity of the installed functional groups highlighting some unique features stemming from the combination of the electron-donating B(9) position and the large steric profile of the B-connected carborane substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Morgan Hopp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Rafal M Dziedzic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mary A Waddington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jonathan C Axtell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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6
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Whited MT, Zhang J, Conley AM, Ma S, Janzen DE, Kohen D. Bimetallic, Silylene‐Mediated Multielectron Reductions of Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Whited
- Department of Chemistry Carleton College 1 N. College St. Northfield MN USA
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Carleton College 1 N. College St. Northfield MN USA
| | - Anna M. Conley
- Department of Chemistry Carleton College 1 N. College St. Northfield MN USA
| | - Senjie Ma
- Department of Chemistry Carleton College 1 N. College St. Northfield MN USA
| | - Daron E. Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry St. Catherine University St. Paul MN USA
| | - Daniela Kohen
- Department of Chemistry Carleton College 1 N. College St. Northfield MN USA
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7
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Zsombor-Pindera J, Effaty F, Escomel L, Patrick B, Kennepohl P, Ottenwaelder X. Five Nitrogen Oxidation States from Nitro to Amine: Stabilization and Reactivity of a Metastable Arylhydroxylamine Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19023-19028. [PMID: 33124796 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Redox noninnocent ligands enhance the reactivity of the metal they complex, a strategy used by metalloenzymes and in catalysis. Herein, we report a series of copper complexes with the same ligand framework, but with a pendant nitrogen group that spans five different redox states between nitro and amine. Of particular interest is the synthesis of a unprecedented copper(I)-arylhydroxylamine complex. While hydroxylamines typically disproportionate or decompose in the presence of transition metal ions, the reactivity of this metastable species is arrested by the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Two-electron oxidation yields a copper(II)-(arylnitrosyl radical) complex that can dissociate to a copper(I) species with uncoordinated arylnitroso. This combination of ligand redox noninnocence and hemilability provides opportunities in catalysis for two-electron chemistry via a one-electron copper(I/II) shuttle, as exemplified with an aerobic alcohol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zsombor-Pindera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Farshid Effaty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Léon Escomel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Brian Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Pierre Kennepohl
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Xavier Ottenwaelder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
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8
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Askari MS, Effaty F, Gennarini F, Orio M, Le Poul N, Ottenwaelder X. Tuning Inner-Sphere Electron Transfer in a Series of Copper/Nitrosoarene Adducts. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8678-8689. [PMID: 32073833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of copper/nitrosoarene complexes was created that mimics several steps in biomimetic O2 activation by copper(I). The reaction of the copper(I) complex of N,N,N',N'-tetramethypropylenediamine with a series of para-substituted nitrosobenzene derivatives leads to adducts in which the nitrosoarene (ArNO) is reduced by zero, one, or two electrons, akin to the isovalent species dioxygen, superoxide, and peroxide, respectively. The geometric and electronic structures of these adducts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, vibrational analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, NMR, electrochemistry, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The bonding mode of the NO moiety depends on the oxidation state of the ArNO moiety: κN for ArNO, mononuclear η2-NO and dinuclear μ-η2:η1 for ArNO•-, and dinuclear μ-η2:η2 for ArNO2-. 15N isotopic labeling confirms the reduction state by measuring the NO stretching frequency (1392 cm-1 for κN-ArNO, 1226 cm-1 for η2-ArNO•-, 1133 cm-1 for dinuclear μ-η2:η1-ArNO•-, and 875 cm-1 for dinuclear μ-η2:η2 for ArNO2-). The 15N NMR signal disappears for the ArNO•- species, establishing a unique diagnostic for the radical state. Electrochemical studies indicate reduction waves that are consistent with one-electron reduction of the adducts and are compared with studies performed on Cu-O2 analogues. DFT calculations were undertaken to confirm our experimental findings, notably to establish the nature of the charge-transfer transitions responsible for the intense green color of the complexes. In fine, this family of complexes is unique in that it walks through three redox states of the ArNO moiety while keeping the metal and its supporting ligand the same. This work provides snapshots of the reactivity of the toxic nitrosoarene molecules with the biologically relevant Cu(I) ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Askari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Farshid Effaty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Federica Gennarini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada.,Laboratoire de Chimie, Électrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR, CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest 29238, France
| | - Maylis Orio
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille 13007, France
| | - Nicolas Le Poul
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Électrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR, CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest 29238, France
| | - Xavier Ottenwaelder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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9
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Mokhtarzadeh CC, Chan C, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Figueroa JS. Side-On Coordination of Nitrous Oxide to a Mononuclear Cobalt Center. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15003-15007. [PMID: 31492053 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite its utility as an oxygen-atom transfer reagent for transition metals, nitrous oxide (N2O) is a notoriously poor ligand, and its coordination chemistry has been limited to a few terminal, end-on κ1-N complexes. Here, the synthesis of a mononuclear cobalt complex possessing a side-on-bound N2O molecule is reported. Structural characterization, IR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations support an η2-N,N binding mode for binding of N2O to the cobalt center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Mokhtarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358 , La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , United States
| | - Chinglin Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358 , La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , United States
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358 , La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358 , La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , United States
| | - Joshua S Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358 , La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , United States
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10
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Wang D, Leng X, Ye S, Deng L. Substrate Redox Non-innocence Inducing Stepwise Oxidative Addition Reaction: Nitrosoarene C-N Bond Cleavage on Low-Coordinate Cobalt(0) Species. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7731-7735. [PMID: 31042868 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of nitrosoarenes with transition-metal species are fundamentally important for their relevance to metal-catalyzed transformations of organo-nitrogen compounds in organic synthesis and also the metabolization of nitroarenes and anilines in biology. In addition to the well-known reactivity of metal-mediated N-O bond activation and cleavage of nitrosoarenes, we present herein the first observation of a nitrosoarene C-N bond oxidative addition reaction upon the interaction of a three-coordinate cobalt(0) species [(IPr)Co(vtms)2] with 2,4,6-tri( tert-butyl)-1-nitroso-benzene (Ar*NO). The reaction produces a cobalt nitrosyl aryl complex, [(IPr)Co(Ar*)(NO)] (1), with a bis(nitrosoarene)cobalt complex, [(IPr)Co(η2-ONAr)(κ1- O-ONAr)] (2), as an intermediate. Spectroscopic characterizations, DFT calculations, and kinetic studies revealed that the redox non-innocence of nitrosoarene induces a stepwise pathway for the C-N bond oxidative addition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , Mülheim an der Ruhr D-45470 , Germany
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China
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11
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Ferretti E, Dechert S, Meyer F. Reductive Binding and Ligand-Based Redox Transformations of Nitrosobenzene at a Dinickel(II) Core. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5154-5162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ferretti
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammanstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammanstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammanstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Loh YK, Ángeles Fuentes M, Vasko P, Aldridge S. Successive Protonation of an N-Heterocyclic Imine Derived Carbonyl: Superelectrophilic Dication Versus Masked Acylium Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16559-16563. [PMID: 30354008 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl cations are among the most commonly invoked reactive intermediates in organic synthesis. While Olah pioneered superacids to provide a "stable ion" environment for their study in situ, isolated examples are rare. Here, we disclose successive protonation of an N-heterocyclic imine (NHI) derived carbonyl compound (IDippN)2 CO, 2, to the monocation [(IDippN)(IDippNH) CO]+ , [3]+ , and the doubly protonated dication [(IDippNH)2 CO]2+ , [4]2+ . [3]+ represents a rare example of an N-protonated carbonyl cation and [4]2+ the first example of a superelectrophilic carbonyl dication. All three compounds have been characterized by X-ray crystallography and IR spectroscopy, revealing stepwise strengthening of the C=O bond on protonation. The unique stability of these systems is attributed to the enhanced basicity and steric profile provided by the NHI substituents. In addition, we report the related singly NHI-stabilized cation [IDippNCO]+ , [5]+ . Crystallographic and DFT analyses provide insight into the interaction between the carbonyl fragment and the NHI, which reveals that the [CNCO]+ unit (isoelectronic to CCCO) can be described as an acylium cation "masked" as a cumulene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kai Loh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - M Ángeles Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Petra Vasko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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13
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Loh YK, Ángeles Fuentes M, Vasko P, Aldridge S. Successive Protonation of an N-Heterocyclic Imine Derived Carbonyl: Superelectrophilic Dication Versus Masked Acylium Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kai Loh
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - M. Ángeles Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Petra Vasko
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
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14
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EL-Atawy MA, Formenti D, Ferretti F, Ragaini F. Synthesis of 3,6-Dihydro-2H-[1, 2]-Oxazines from Nitroarenes and Conjugated Dienes, Catalyzed by Palladium/Phenanthroline Complexes and Employing Phenyl Formate as a CO Surrogate. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. EL-Atawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Taibah University; Yanbu 46423 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Alexandria University; P.O. 426 Ibrahemia Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Dario Formenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19; 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Francesco Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19; 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Fabio Ragaini
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19; 20133 Milano Italy
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15
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Barnett BR, Figueroa JS. Zero-valent isocyanides of nickel, palladium and platinum as transition metal σ-type Lewis bases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:13829-13839. [PMID: 27826607 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07863j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes that contain metal-to-ligand retrodative σ-bonds have become the subject of increasing studies over the last decade. Lewis acidic "Z-type ligands" can modulate the electronic structure of their resultant complexes in a manner distinct from 2e- donor ligands, and can also engage in cooperative reactivity with a Lewis basic transition metal. In this Feature article, we summarize our work with transition metal isocyanide complexes of group 10 metals that have exploited metal-based σ-type Lewis basicity. While the complexes Ni(CNArMes2)3, Pd(CNArDipp2)2 and Pt(CNArDipp2)2 were initially targeted as analogues to unstable, low-coordinate metal carbonyls, it soon became apparent that these zero-valent metal centers bore appreciable Lewis basic qualities due largely to the enhanced σ-donor/π-acid ratio of isocyanides compared to CO. Detailed spectroscopic and structural studies of metal-only Lewis pairs (MOLPs) formed from these complexes have furthered our understanding of the electronic structure perturbations effected by Z-type ligand binding. In addition, the platinum (boryl)iminomethane (BIM) complex Pt(κ2-N,B-Cy2BIM)(CNArDipp2) has illuminated a general ligand design strategy that can engender significant reverse-dative interactions with buttressed Lewis acids, and also has expanded the known scope of cooperative reactivity that can be realized at a transition metal-borane linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Barnett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Joshua S Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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16
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Ferretti F, Rimoldi M, Ragaini F, Macchi P. Reaction of arylhydroxylamines with [Pd(Neoc)(NO3)2] (Neoc = neocuproine). Non-innocent behavior of the nitrate anion. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Barnett BR, Labios LA, Stauber JM, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Figueroa JS. Synthetic and Mechanistic Interrogation of Pd/Isocyanide-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling: π-Acidic Ligands Enable Self-Aggregating Monoligated Pd(0) Intermediates. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R. Barnett
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Liezel A. Labios
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Julia M. Stauber
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Joshua S. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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18
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Ghosh P, Banerjee S, Lahiri GK. Ruthenium Derivatives of in Situ Generated Redox-Active 1,2-Dinitrosobenzene and 2-Nitrosoanilido. Diverse Structural and Electronic Forms. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:12832-12843. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Soumyodip Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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19
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Fitts LS, Bierschenk EJ, Hanusa TP, Rheingold AL, Pink M, Young VG. Selective modification of the metal coordination environment in heavy alkaline–earth iodide complexes. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01713d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The controlled formation of group 2 coordination complexes involves issues of metal acidity, ligand basicity, solvent effects, and steric pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey S. Fitts
- Department of Chemistry
- Vanderbilt University
- Nashville
- USA
| | | | | | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California at San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Maren Pink
- X-ray Crystallography Facility
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Victor G. Young
- X-ray Crystallography Facility
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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20
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Mokhtarzadeh CC, Rheingold AL, Figueroa JS. Dinitrogen binding, P4-activation and aza-Büchner ring expansions mediated by an isocyano analogue of the CpCo(CO) fragment. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:14561-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02789j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic studies targeting an m-terphenyl isocyanide analogue of the unstable 16e−, S = 1 complex CpCo(CO) are reported (Cp = η5-C5H5).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Joshua S. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
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21
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Kim JE, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. Bidentate nitroxide ligands stable toward oxidative redox cycling and their complexes with cerium and lanthanum. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15047-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06052d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A redox non-innocent bidentate nitroxide ligand stabilizes a tetravalent cerium cation and subsequently an electron–hole upon the oxidation on the electrochemical time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Eon Kim
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
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