1
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Pausch A. Consistent Analytical Second Derivatives of the Kohn-Sham DFT Energy in the Framework of the Conductor-Like Screening Model through Gaussian Charge Distributions. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3169-3183. [PMID: 38557008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The use of implicit solvation models such as the conductor-like screening model (COSMO) in quantum chemical calculations is very common, as both a rough estimate of solvation effects as well as a general tool for stabilizing ionic molecular structures. In order to generate a smooth potential energy surface as well as consistent gradients, it is necessary to apply the Gaussian charge model (GCM) for the COSMO charges. This work introduces an efficient implementation for consistent analytical second derivatives of the electronic energy with COSMO-GCM in the framework of the Kohn-Sham density functional theory. This is used to investigate the infrared spectroscopy of amino acids in aqueous solution, where the impact of pH on the molecular structure and vibrational spectra is examined. Furthermore, the structure and stability of selected all-metal aromatic cluster ions are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Pausch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Hirth N, Wiesemann N, Krüger S, Gerlach MS, Preußner K, Galea D, Herzberg M, Große C, Nies DH. A gold speciation that adds a second layer to synergistic gold-copper toxicity in Cupriavidus metallidurans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0014624. [PMID: 38557120 PMCID: PMC11022561 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00146-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The metal-resistant bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans occurs in metal-rich environments. In auriferous soils, the bacterium is challenged by a mixture of copper ions and gold complexes, which exert synergistic toxicity. The previously used, self-made Au(III) solution caused a synergistic toxicity of copper and gold that was based on the inhibition of the CupA-mediated efflux of cytoplasmic Cu(I) by Au(I) in this cellular compartment. In this publication, the response of the bacterium to gold and copper was investigated by using a commercially available Au(III) solution instead of the self-made solution. The new solution was five times more toxic than the previously used one. Increased toxicity was accompanied by greater accumulation of gold atoms by the cells. The contribution of copper resistance determinants to the commercially available Au(III) solution and synergistic gold-copper toxicity was studied using single- and multiple-deletion mutants. The commercially available Au(III) solution inhibited periplasmic Cu(I) homeostasis, which is required for the allocation of copper ions to copper-dependent proteins in this compartment. The presence of the gene for the periplasmic Cu(I) and Au(I) oxidase, CopA, decreased the cellular copper and gold content. Transcriptional reporter gene fusions showed that up-regulation of gig, encoding a minor contributor to copper resistance, was strictly glutathione dependent. Glutathione was also required to resist synergistic gold-copper toxicity. The new data indicated a second layer of synergistic copper-gold toxicity caused by the commercial Au(III) solution, inhibition of the periplasmic copper homeostasis in addition to the cytoplasmic one.IMPORTANCEWhen living in auriferous soils, Cupriavidus metallidurans is not only confronted with synergistic toxicity of copper ions and gold complexes but also by different gold species. A previously used gold solution made by using aqua regia resulted in the formation of periplasmic gold nanoparticles, and the cells were protected against gold toxicity by the periplasmic Cu(I) and Au(I) oxidase CopA. To understand the role of different gold species in the environment, another Au(III) solution was commercially acquired. This compound was more toxic due to a higher accumulation of gold atoms by the cells and inhibition of periplasmic Cu(I) homeostasis. Thus, the geo-biochemical conditions might influence Au(III) speciation. The resulting Au(III) species may subsequently interact in different ways with C. metallidurans and its copper homeostasis system in the cytoplasm and periplasm. This study reveals that the geochemical conditions may decide whether bacteria are able to form gold nanoparticles or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hirth
- Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Biology/Microbiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nicole Wiesemann
- Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Biology/Microbiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephanie Krüger
- Microscopy Unit, Biocenter, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Michelle-Sophie Gerlach
- Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Biology/Microbiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kilian Preußner
- Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Biology/Microbiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Diana Galea
- Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Biology/Microbiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Herzberg
- Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Biology/Microbiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cornelia Große
- Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Biology/Microbiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dietrich H Nies
- Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Biology/Microbiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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3
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Xu S, Liu X, Hou Y, Kou M, Xu X, Veljković F, Veličković S, Kong X. Structures and growth pathways of Au nCl n+3- (n ≤ 7) cluster anions. Front Chem 2024; 12:1382443. [PMID: 38645774 PMCID: PMC11027128 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1382443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gold chloride clusters play an important role in catalysis and materials chemistry. Due to the diversity of their species and isomers, there is still a dearth of structural studies at the molecular level. In this work, anions of AunCln+3 - and AunCln+5 - (n = 2-4) clusters were obtained by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS), and the most stable isomers of AunCln+3 - were determined after a thorough search and optimization at the TPSSh/aug-cc-pVTZ/ECP60MDF level. The results indicate that all isomers with the lowest energy have a planar zigzag skeleton. In each species, there is one Au(III) atom at the edge connected with four Cl atoms, which sets it from the other Au(I) atoms. Four growth pathways for AunCln+3 - (n = 2-7) clusters are proposed (labelled R1, R2, R3 and R4). They are all associated with an aurophilic contact and are exothermic. The binding energies tend to stabilize at ∼ -41 kcal/mol when the size of the cluster increases in all pathways. The pathway R1, which connects all the most stable isomers of the respective clusters, is characterized by cluster growth due to aurophilic interactions at the terminal atom of Au(I) in the zigzag chains. In the pathway of R4 involving Au-Au bonding in its initial structures (n ≤ 3), the distance between intermediate gold atoms grows with cluster size, ultimately resulting in the transfer of the intermediate Au-Au bonding into aurophilic interaction. The size effect on the structure and aurophilic interactions of these clusters will be better understood based on these discoveries, potentially providing new insights into the active but elusive chemical species involved in the corresponding catalytic reactions or nanoparticle synthesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yameng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Filip Veljković
- ‘‘VINCA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suzana Veličković
- ‘‘VINCA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Xianglei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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4
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Relativistic effects on the chemical bonding properties of the heavier elements and their compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.215000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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5
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Recovery of Au and Cu from waste memory modules by electrolysis with hydrochloric acid-hydrogen peroxide system. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Shaffer CC, Liu W, Oliver AG, Smith BD. Supramolecular Paradigm for Capture and Co-Precipitation of Gold(III) Coordination Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:751-757. [PMID: 32853413 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new supramolecular paradigm is presented for reliable capture and co-precipitation of haloauric acids (HAuX4 ) from organic solvents or water. Two classes of acyclic organic compounds act as complementary receptors (tectons) by forming two sets of directional non-covalent interactions, (a) hydrogen bonding between amide (or amidinium) NH residues and the electronegative X ligands on the AuX4 - , and (b) electrostatic stacking of the electron deficient Au center against the face of an aromatic surface. X-ray diffraction analysis of four co-crystal structures reveals the additional common feature of proton bridged carbonyls as a new and predictable supramolecular design element that creates one-dimensional polymers linked by very short hydrogen bonds (CO⋅⋅⋅OC distance <2.5 Å). Two other co-crystal structures show that the amidinium-π⋅⋅⋅XAu interaction will reliably engage AuX4 - with high directionality. These acyclic compounds are very attractive as co-precipitation agents within new "green" gold recovery processes. They also have high potential as tectons for controlled self-assembly or co-crystal engineering of haloaurate composites. More generally, the supramolecular paradigm will facilitate the design of next-generation receptors or tectons with high affinity for precious metal square planar coordination complexes for use in advanced materials, nanotechnology, or medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra C Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
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7
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Shaffer CC, Smith BD. Macrocyclic and acyclic supramolecular elements for co-precipitation of square-planar gold( iii) tetrahalide complexes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01562h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-covalent interactions control the solid-state packing of AuX4− anions (yellow circles) co-precipitated with different supramolecular elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra C. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- 251 Nieuwland Science Hall
- University of Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- 251 Nieuwland Science Hall
- University of Notre Dame
- USA
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8
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Goetzfried SK, Gallati CM, Cziferszky M, Talmazan RA, Wurst K, Liedl KR, Podewitz M, Gust R. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Complexes: Mechanism of the Ligand Scrambling Reaction and Their Oxidation to Gold(III) in Aqueous Solutions. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15312-15323. [PMID: 33006470 PMCID: PMC7581288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) gold(I) complexes offer great
prospects in medicinal chemistry as antiproliferative, anticancer,
and antibacterial agents. However, further development requires a
thorough understanding of their reaction behavior in aqueous media.
Herein, we report the conversion of the bromido[3-ethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propylimidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I)
((NHC)AuIBr, 1) complex in acetonitrile/water
mixtures to the bis[3-ethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propylimidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I)
([(NHC)2AuI]+, 7), which
is subsequently oxidized to the dibromidobis[3-ethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propylimidazol-2-ylidene]gold(III)
([(NHC)2AuIIIBr2]+, 9). By combining experimental data from HPLC, NMR, and (LC-)/HR-MS
with computational results from DFT calculations, we outline a detailed
ligand scrambling reaction mechanism. The key step is the formation
of the stacked ((NHC)AuIBr)2 dimer (2) that rearranges to the T-shaped intermediate Br(NHC)2AuI–AuIBr (3). The dissociation
of Br– from 3 and recombination lead
to (NHC)2AuI–AuIBr2 (5) followed by the separation into [(NHC)2AuI]+ (7) and [AuIBr2]− (8). [AuIBr2]− is not stable in an aqueous environment
and degrades in an internal redox reaction to Au0 and Br2. The latter in turn oxidizes 7 to the gold(III)
species 9. The reported ligand rearrangement of the (NHC)AuIBr complex differs from that found for related silver(I) analogous.
A detailed understanding of this scrambling mechanism is of utmost
importance for the interpretation of their biological activity and
will help to further optimize them for biomedical and other applications. By means of experimental data from HPLC
and (LC-)MS in combination with DFT calculations, we present a detailed
mechanism for the ligand scrambling reaction of (NHC)AuIBr to the corresponding [(NHC)2AuI]+ complex and the oxidation to the [(NHC)2AuIIIBr2]+ species in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina K Goetzfried
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Caroline M Gallati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Monika Cziferszky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Radu A Talmazan
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
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9
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Abstract
Mendeleev's introduction of the periodic table of elements is one of the most important milestones in the history of chemistry, as it brought order into the known chemical and physical behaviour of the elements. The periodic table can be seen as parallel to the Standard Model in particle physics, in which the elementary particles known today can be ordered according to their intrinsic properties. The underlying fundamental theory to describe the interactions between particles comes from quantum theory or, more specifically, from quantum field theory and its inherent symmetries. In the periodic table, the elements are placed into a certain period and group based on electronic configurations that originate from the Pauli and Aufbau principles for the electrons surrounding a positively charged nucleus. This order enables us to approximately predict the chemical and physical properties of elements. Apparent anomalies can arise from relativistic effects, partial-screening phenomena (of type lanthanide contraction) and the compact size of the first shell of every l-value. Further, ambiguities in electron configurations and the breakdown of assigning a dominant configuration, owing to configuration mixing and dense spectra for the heaviest elements in the periodic table. For the short-lived transactinides, the nuclear stability becomes an important factor in chemical studies. Nuclear stability, decay rates, spectra and reaction cross sections are also important for predicting the astrophysical origin of the elements, including the production of the heavy elements beyond iron in supernova explosions or neutron-star mergers. In this Perspective, we critically analyse the periodic table of elements and the current status of theoretical predictions and origins for the heaviest elements, which combine both quantum chemistry and physics.
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10
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Liu W, Oliver AG, Smith BD. Macrocyclic Receptor for Precious Gold, Platinum, or Palladium Coordination Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6810-6813. [PMID: 29787255 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two macrocyclic tetralactam receptors are shown to selectively encapsulate anionic, square-planar chloride and bromide coordination complexes of gold(III), platinum(II), and palladium(II). Both receptors have a preorganized structure that is complementary to its precious metal guest. The receptors do not directly ligate the guest metal center but instead provide an array of arene π-electron donors that interact with the electropositive metal and hydrogen-bond donors that interact with the outer electronegative ligands. This unique mode of supramolecular recognition is illustrated by six X-ray crystal structures showing receptor encapsulation of AuCl4-, AuBr4-, PtCl4-2, or Pd2Cl6-2. In organic solution, the 1:1 association constants correlate with specific supramolecular features identified in the solid state. Technical applications using these receptors are envisioned in a wide range of fields that involve precious metals, including mining, recycling, catalysis, nanoscience, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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11
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Relativistic quantum chemistry involving heavy atoms. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Jerabek P, von der Esch B, Schmidbaur H, Schwerdtfeger P. Influence of Relativistic Effects on Bonding Modes in M(II) Dinuclear Complexes (M = Au, Ag, and Cu). Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14624-14631. [PMID: 29135228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The stability and bonding in dinuclear group 11 metal complexes (M = Au, Ag, and Cu) in their +2 oxidation state has been investigated by quantum chemical methods. Two model complexes were selected as representatives of different bonding situations in the dinuclear M(II) complexes, a direct metal-metal bond between two ligand stabilized monomers and ligand-mediated bridged dimer system, making them interesting for a direct comparison and to study the influence of relativistic effects. Relativity substantially stabilizes the direct metal-metal bonded system obtaining the sequence in M-M bond stability Au > Ag > Cu. In the ligand-bridged structure, an asymmetric bonding situation is obtained for gold, resulting in two stronger/covalent and two weaker/ionic bonds per gold atom. Here we observe the opposite trend in stability Cu > Ag > Au. Our analysis nicely corroborates with what is known from experimental observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jerabek
- The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University , Private Bag 102904, 0632 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Beatriz von der Esch
- The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University , Private Bag 102904, 0632 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University , Private Bag 102904, 0632 Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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A turn-on fluorescent nanoprobe for lead(II) based on the aggregation of weakly associated gold(I)-glutathione nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Lang Z, Gabas IM, López X, Clotet A, de la Fuente JM, Mitchell SG, Poblet JM. On the formation of gold nanoparticles from [AuIIICl4]− and a non-classical reduced polyoxomolybdate as an electron source: a quantum mechanical modelling and experimental study. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02773j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations and experimental data prove that the [Na{(MoV2O4)3(μ2-O)3(μ2-SO3)3(μ6-SO3)}2]15− POM is capable of completely reducing Au(iii) to Au(0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongling Lang
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Isabel Maicas Gabas
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA)
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50018 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Xavier López
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Anna Clotet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | | | - Scott G. Mitchell
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón-CSIC/Universidad de Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
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