Coordination Complexes of Transition Metals (M = Mo, Fe, Rh, and Ru) with Tin(II) Phthalocyanine in Neutral, Monoanionic, and Dianionic States

Bimetallic neutral and anionic complexes of transition metal (Co, Mn) carbonyls with indium(III) phthalocyanine

Heterobimetallic {[Co(CO)4]-[InIII(Pc2-)]} (1) and (Cp*2Cr+){[Mn(CO)5]-[InIII(Pc˙3-)]}·2C6H4Cl2 (2) complexes based on indium(III) phthalocyanine (Pc) were obtained as crystals. The complexes were synthesized by single (1) and double (2) reduction of indium(III) phthalocyanine chloride in the presence of transition metal carbonyls. Complex 1 contains dianionic Pc2- macrocycles. Thus, the coordinated Co(CO)4 carbonyl accepts an electron in the one-electron reduction forming a diamagnetic [Co(CO)4]- anion. Complex 2 contains a heterobimetallic {[Mn(CO)5]-[InIII(Pc˙3-)]}- anion and paramagnetic Cp*2Cr+ counter cations. Therefore, in the double reduction, electrons are transferred to Mn(CO)5 forming a diamagnetic [Mn(CO)5]- anion and to the Pc2- macrocycle forming a paramagnetic radical Pc˙3- trianion. Such assignments for 1 and 2 are in line with optical spectra, crystal structures and the data of magnetic measurements. The spectrum of 1 in the UV-visible range is similar to that of the starting InIIIClPc. The formation of 2 is accompanied by an essential blue-shift of the Q-band of Pc as well as by the appearance of an intense NIR band at 1005 nm characteristic of Pc˙3-. Compound 1 is EPR silent and diamagnetic, whereas the value of the effective magnetic moment of 2 is 4.24μB at 300 K, which corresponds to the contribution of S = 1/2 (Pc˙3-) and S = 3/2 (Cp*2Cr+) spins. Both weakly coupled paramagnetic centers (J = -0.41 cm-1) are observed in the EPR spectra.

Trinuclear coordination assemblies of low-spin dicyano manganese(II) (S = 1/2) and iron(II) (S = 0) phthalocyanines with manganese(II) acetylacetonate, tris(cyclopentadienyl)gadolinium(III) and neodymium(III)

The reaction of Mn^IIPc, Fe^IIPc or Fe^IIPcCl₁₆ with KCN in the presence of cryptand[2.2.2] yielded dicyano-complexes {cryptand(K⁺)}₂{M^II(CN)₂(macrocycle^2-)}^2-·XC₆H₄Cl₂ (M = Mn and Fe, X = 1 and 2) that were used for the preparation of trinuclear assemblies of the general formula {cryptand(K⁺)}₂{M^II(CN)₂Pc·(ML)₂}^2-·nC₆H₄Cl₂ (M^II = Mn^II and Fe^II; n = 1, 4 and 5). These assemblies were formed via coordination of two manganese(II) acetylacetonate (ML = Mn^II(acac)₂, S = 5/2), tris(cyclopentadienyl)gadolinium (ML = Cp₃Gd^III, S = 7/2) or tris(cyclopentadienyl)neodymium (ML = Cp₃Nd^III, S = 3/2) units to the nitrogen atoms of bidentate cyano ligands. The N(CN)-Mn{Mn^II(acac)₂} bond is 2.129(3) Å long but the bonds are elongated to 2.43-2.49 Å for tris(cyclopentadienyl)lanthanides. {Cryptand(K⁺)}₂{Mn^II(CN)₂Pc·(Mn^II(acac)₂)₂}^2-·5C₆H₄Cl₂ (2) contains three Mn(II) ions in different spin states (S = 5/2 and 1/2). Strong antiferromagnetic coupling of spins observed between them with the exchange interaction (J) of -17.6 cm^-1 enables the formation of a high S = 9/2 spin state for {Mn^II(CN)₂Pc·(Mn^II(acac)₂)₂}^2- dianions at 2 K. The estimated exchange interaction between Mn^II (S = 1/2) and Gd^III (S = 7/2) spins in {Mn^II(CN)₂Pc·(Cp₃Gd^III)₂}^2- is only -1.1 cm^-1, and in contrast to 2, nearly independent Gd^III and Mn^II centers are formed. As a result, no transition to the high-spin state is observed in {Mn^II(CN)₂Pc·(Cp₃Gd^III)₂}^2-. The {Mn^II(CN)₂Pc·(Cp₃Nd^III)₂}^2- and{Fe^II(CN)₂Pc·(Cp₃Nd^III)₂}^2- dianions with Cp₃Nd^III show a decrease of χ_MT values in the whole studied temperature range (300-1.9 K). A similar behaviour was found previously for pristine Cp₃Nd^III and Cp₃Nd^III·L complexes (L = alkylisocyanide ligand).

Complexes of transition metal carbonyl clusters with tin(II) phthalocyanine in neutral and radical anion states: methods of synthesis, structures and properties

Coordination of tin(II) phthalocyanine to transition metal carbonyl clusters in neutral {Sn^II(Pc^2-)}⁰ or radical anion {Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- states is reported. Direct interaction of Co₄(CO)₁₂ with {Sn^II(Pc^2-)}⁰ yields a crystalline complex {Co₄(CO)₁₁·Sn^II(Pc^2-)} (1). There is no charge transfer from the cluster to phthalocyanine in 1, which preserves the diamagnetic Pc^2- macrocycle. The Ru₃(CO)₁₂ cluster forms complexes with one or two equivalents of {Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- to yield crystalline {Cryptand[2.2.2](Na⁺)}{Ru₃(CO)₁₁·Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- (2) or {Cryptand[2.2.2](M⁺)}₂{Ru₃(CO)₁₀·[Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)]₂}^2-·4C₆H₄Cl₂ (3) (M⁺ is K or Cs). Paramagnetic {Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- species in 2 are packed in π-stacking [{Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^-]₂ dimers, providing strong antiferromagnetic coupling of spins with exchange interaction J/k_B = -19 K. Reduction of Ru₃(CO)₁₂, Os₃(CO)₁₂ and Ir₄(CO)₁₂ clusters by decamethylchromocene (Cp*₂Cr) and subsequent oxidation of the reduced species by {Sn^IVCl₂(Pc^2-)}⁰ yield a series of complexes with high-spin Cp*₂Cr⁺ counter cations (S = 3/2): (Cp*₂Cr⁺){Ru₃(CO)₁₁·Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^-·C₆H₄Cl₂ (4), (Cp*₂Cr⁺){Os₃(CO)₁₀Cl·Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^-·C₆H₄Cl₂ (5) and (Cp*₂Cr⁺){Ir₄(CO)₁₁·Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}₂^- (6). It is seen that reduced clusters are oxidized by Sn^IV, which is transferred to Sn^II, whereas the Pc^2- macrocycle is reduced to Pc˙^3-. In the case of Os₃(CO)₁₂, oxidation of the metal atom in the cluster is observed to be accompanied by the formation of Os₃(CO)₁₀Cl with one Os^I center. Rather weak magnetic coupling is observed between paramagnetic Cp*₂Cr⁺ and {Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- species in 4, but this exchange interaction is enhanced in 5 owing to Os₃(CO)₁₀Cl clusters with paramagnetic Os^I (S = 1/2) also being involved in antiferromagnetic coupling of spins. The formation of {Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- with radical trianion Pc˙^3- macrocycles in 2-5 is supported by the appearance of new absorption bands in the NIR spectra and essential N_meso-C bond alternation in Pc (for 3-5). On the whole, this work shows that both diamagnetic {Sn^II(Pc^2-)}⁰ and paramagnetic {Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- ligands substitute carbonyl ligands in the transition metal carbonyl clusters, forming well-soluble paramagnetic solids absorbing light in the visible and NIR ranges.

Phthalocyanines core-modified by P and S and their complexes with fullerene C60: DFT study

Phthalocyanines (Pcs) and their derivatives have attracted a lot of attention because of their both biological importance and technological applications. The properties of Pcs can be tuned by replacing the central atom, by modifying the periphery of phthalocyanine ring, and by changing the meso-atoms. One more promising pathway for modifying Pcs and their derivatives can be the core-modification, or substitution of the core isoindole nitrogen(s) by other elements. Motivated by the results obtained for some core-modified porphyrins, we investigated computationally complete core-modification of regular Zn phthalocyanine (ZnPc) with P and S. We performed density functional theory studies of the structures, charges, and frontier molecular orbitals of P-core-modified and S-core-modified ZnPcs, ZnPc(P)4 and ZnPc(S)4, using both B3LYP and two dispersion-corrected functionals. Also, we studied computationally formation of complexes between the fullerene C60 and ZnPc(P)4 and ZnPc(S)4. Both ZnPc(P)4 and ZnPc(S)4 show strong bowl-like distortions similar to the results obtained earlier for ZnP(P)4 and ZnP(S)4. The size of the “bowl” cavity of the both core-modified Pcs is essentially the same, showing no dependence on the core-modifying element. For ZnPc(S)4, the HOMO is quite different from those of ZnPc and ZnPc(P)4. When the fullerene C60 forms complexes with the ZnPc(P)4 and ZnPc(S)4 species in the gas phase, it is located relatively far (4.30–5.72 Å) from the one of the P-centers and from the Zn-center of ZnPc(P)4, whereas with ZnPc(S)4 C60 forms relatively short bonds with the Zn-center, varying from ca. 2.0 to ca. 3.0 Å. The very strong deformations of both the ZnPc(P)4 and ZnPc(S)4 structures are observed. The calculated binding energy at the B3LYP/6-31G* level for the C60-ZnPc(P)4 complex is quite low, 1.2 kcal/mol, which agrees with the quite long distances fullerene - ZnPc(P)4, whereas it is noticeably larger, 13.6 kcal/mol, for the C60-ZnPc(S)4 complex which again agrees with the structural features of this complex. The binding energies of the complexes optimized using the dispersion-corrected functionals, CAM-B3LYP and wB97XD, are significantly larger, varying from ca. 14 till 52 kcal/mol which corresponds with the shorter distances between the fullerene and ZnPc(X)4 species.

Coordination-induced metal-to-macrocycle charge transfer and effect of cations on reorientation of the CN ligand in the {SnL2Mac}2− dianions (L = CN−, OCN−, Im−; Mac = phthalo- or naphthalocyanine)

Anionic coordination {crypt(M⁺)}₂{SnL₂Mac}²⁻ complexes of tin(ii) phthalo- (Pc) and naphthalocyanines (Nc) were obtained and discussed.

{CpFeII(CO)2SnII(Macrocycle•3-)} Radicals with Intrinsic Charge Transfer from CpFe(CO)2 to Macrocycles (Cp: Cp or Cp*); Effective Magnetic Coupling between Radical Trianionic Macrocycles•3

Neutral {CpFe^II(CO)₂[Sn^II(Pc^•3-)]} {Cp is cyclopentadienyl (1, 2) or Cp* is pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (3); Pc: phthalocyanine}, {Cp*Fe^II(CO)₂[Sn^II(Nc^•3-)]} (4, Nc: naphthalocyanine), and {CpFe^II(CO)₂[Sn^II(TPP^•3-)]} (5, TPP: tetraphenylporphyrin) complexes in which CpFe^II(CO)₂ fragments (Cp: Cp or Cp*) are coordinated to Sn^II(macrocycle^•3-) have been obtained. The product complexes were obtained at the reaction of charge transfer from CpFe^I(CO)₂ (Cp: Cp or Cp*) to [Sn^II(macrocycle^2-)] to form the diamagnetic Fe^II and paramagnetic radical trianionic macrocycles. As a result, these formally neutral complexes contain S = 1/2 spins delocalized over the macrocycles. This provides alternation of the C-N_imine or C-C_meso bonds in the macrocycles, the appearance of new bands in the near-infrared spectra of the complexes, and blue shift of both Soret and Q-bands. The {CpFe^II(CO)₂Sn^II(macrocycle^•3-)} units (Cp: Cp or Cp*, macrocycle: Pc or Nc) form closely packed π-stacking dimers in 1 and 3 or one-dimensional chains in 2 and 4 with effective π-π interaction between the macrocycles. Such packing allows strong antiferromagnetic coupling between S = 1/2 spins. Magnetic interaction can be described well by the Heisenberg model for the isolated dimers in 1 and 3 with exchange interaction J/k _B = -78 and -85 K, respectively. Magnetic behavior of 2 and 4 is described well by the model that includes contributions from an antiferromagnetically coupled S = 1/2 dimer (J _intra) and a Heisenberg S = 1/2 chain with alternating antiferromagnetic spin exchange between the neighbors (J _inter). Compound 2 demonstrates large intradimer interaction of J _intra/k _B = -54 K and essentially weaker interdimer exchange interactions of J _inter/k _B = -6 K, whereas compound 4 shows strong magnetic coupling of spins within the dimers (J _intra/k _B = -170 K) as well as between the dimers (J _inter/k _B = -40 K). Compound {CpFe^II(CO)₂[Sn^II(TPP^•3-)]} (5) shows no π-π interactions between the porphyrin macrocycles, and magnetic coupling is weak in this case (Weiss temperature is -5 K). Preparation of a similar complex with indium(III) chloride phthalocyanine yields {CpFe(CO)₂[In(Pc^2-)]} (6). In this complex, indium(III) atoms are reduced instead of the phthalocyanine macrocycles that explains electron paramagnetic resonance silence of 6 in the 4-295 K range.

Ring-Oxidized Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine Cations: Structure, Spectroscopy, and Decomposition Behavior

A bromonium oxidizing agent was used to produce a ring-oxidized zinc phthalocyanine (PcZn), [PcZn(solvent)]^•₂[BAr^F₄]₂ (1·solvent), in good yield. This material is dimeric in the solid state with one axially coordinated solvent [tetrahydrofuran (THF) or 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME)] and close intradimer ring-ring distances of 3.18 and 3.136 Å (THF and DME respectively); this proximity facilitates strong antiferromagnetic coupling to yield diamagnetic dimers. 1·THF is present in solution as a monomer and a dimer. In CH₂Cl₂, the dimer is favored above 0.1 mM, and it is almost exclusively present in solvents with a high dielectric constant such as acetonitrile. The material 1·THF/DME decomposes in DME to a meso-nitrogen-protonated species, [HPcZn(DME)₂][BAr^F₄] (2), which was isolated and represents the first example of such a structurally characterized, protonated, unsubstituted PcM complex. A partially oxidized dimer or "pimer" [(PcZn(DME))₂]^•[BAr^F₄] (3) was also structurally characterized and has a intradimer ring-ring distance of 3.192 Å, similar to 1·THF/DME. Dimer 3 also represents the first isolated PcM-based pimer. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis of a 1.0 mM solution of 1·DME in DME showed the production of 3 over hours by the combination of 1·DME and 2 in solution.

Coordination Complexes of Titanium(IV) and Indium(III) Phthalocyanines with Carbonyl-Containing Dyes: The Formation of Singly Bonded Anionic Squarylium Dimers

Reduction methods for the preparation of coordination complexes of titanium(IV) and indium(III) phthalocyanines (Pc) with organic dyes such as indigo, thioindigo, and squarylium dye III (SQ) have been developed, which allow one to obtain crystalline {cryptand(K⁺ )}{(cis-indigo-O,O)^2- Ti^IV (Pc^2- )}(Cl^- )⋅C₆ H₄ Cl₂ (1), {cryptand(K⁺ )}{(cis-thioindigo-O,O)^2- In^III (Pc^2- )}^- ⋅C₆ H₄ Cl₂ (2), and {cryptand(K⁺ )}{[(SQ)₂ -O,O]^2- In^III (Pc^2- )}^- ⋅3.5 C₆ H₄ Cl₂ (3) complexes. The formation of these complexes is accompanied by the reduction of the starting dyes to the anionic state. Transition of trans-indigo or trans-thioindigo to the cis conformation in 1 and 2 provides coordination of both carbonyl oxygen atoms of the dye to Ti^IV Pc or In^III Pc. SQ is reduced to the radical anion state and forms unusual diamagnetic singly bonded (SQ^- )₂ dimers in 3. These dimers have two closely positioned carbonyl oxygen atoms coordinated to In^III Pc. Dianionic Pc^2- macrocycles have been found in 1-3. The complexes contain two chromophore molecules at one metal center. However, their optical spectra are defined mainly by absorption bands of the metal phthalocyanines.

Dianionic Titanyl and Vanadyl (Cation+ )2 [MIV O(Pc4- )]2- Phthalocyanine Salts Containing Pc4- Macrocycles

In this study, the titanyl and vanadyl phthalocyanine (Pc) salts (Bu₄ N⁺ )₂ [M^IV O(Pc^4- )]^2- (M=Ti, V) and (Bu₃ MeP⁺ )₂ [M^IV O(Pc^4- )]^2- (M=Ti, V) with [M^IV O(Pc^4- )]^2- dianions were synthesized and characterized. Reduction of M^IV O(Pc^2- ) carried out with an excess of sodium fluorenone ketyl in the presence of Bu₄ N⁺ or Bu₃ MeP⁺ is exclusive to the phthalocyanine centers, forming Pc^4- species. During reduction, the metal +4 charge did not change, implying that Pc is an non-innocent ligand. The Pc negative charge increase caused the C-N(pyr) bonds to elongate and the C-N(imine) bonds to alternate, thus increasing the distortion of Pc. Jahn-Teller effects are significant in the [eg(π*)]² dianion ground state and can additionally distort the Pc macrocycles. Blueshifts of the Soret and Q-bands were observed in the UV/Vis/NIR when M^IV O(Pc^2- ) was reduced to [M^IV O(Pc^.3- )]^.- and [M^IV O(Pc^4- )]^2- . From magnetic measurements, [Ti^IV O(Pc^4- )]^2- was found to be diamagnetic and (Bu₄ N⁺ )₂ [V^IV O(Pc^4- )]^2- and (Bu₃ MeP⁺ )₂ [V^IV O(Pc^4- )]^2- were found to have magnetic moments of 1.72-1.78 μ_B corresponding to an S=1/2 spin state owing to V^IV electron spin. As a result, two latter salts show EPR signals with V^IV hyperfine coupling.

Reaction of tin(iv) phthalocyanine dichloride with decamethylmetallocenes (M = CrII and CoII). Strong magnetic coupling of spins in (Cp*2Co+){SnIVCl2(Pc˙3-)}˙-·2C6H4Cl2

The reaction of tin(iv) phthalocyanine dichloride {Sn^IVCl₂(Pc^2-)} with decamethylmetallocenes (Cp*₂M, M = Co, Cr) has been studied. Decamethylcobaltocene reduces Sn^IVCl₂(Pc^2-) to form the (Cp*₂Co⁺){Sn^IVCl₂(Pc˙^3-)}˙^-·2C₆H₄Cl₂ (1) complex. The negative charge of {Sn^IVCl₂(Pc˙^3-)}˙^- is delocalized over the Pc macrocycle providing the alternation of the C-N(imine) bonds, the appearance of new bands in the NIR range and a strong blue shift of both the Soret and Q-bands in the spectrum of 1. The magnetic moment of 1 is equal to 1.68μ_B at 300 K, indicating the contribution of one S = 1/2 spin of the Pc˙^3- macrocycles. These macrocycles form closely packed double stacks in 1 with effective π-π interactions providing strong antiferromagnetic coupling of spins at a Weiss temperature of -80 K. Decamethylchromocene initially also reduces Sn^IVCl₂(Pc^2-) to form the [(Cp*₂Cr⁺){Sn^VICl₂(Pc˙^3-)}˙^- complex but further reaction between the ions is observed. This reaction is accompanied by the substitution of one Cp* ligand of Cp*₂Cr by chloride anions originating from {Sn^IVCl₂(Pc˙^3-)}˙^- to form the complex {(Cp*CrCl₂)(Sn^IV(μ-Cl)(Pc^2-))}·C₆H₄Cl₂ (2) in which the (Cp*CrCl₂) and {Sn^IV(Pc^2-)} species are bonded through the μ-bridged Cl^- anion. According to the DFT calculations, this reaction proceeds via an intermediate [(Cp*₂CrCl)(SnClPc)] complex.

SnPhPc phthalocyanines with dianion Pc(2-) and radical trianion Pc˙(3-) macrocycles: syntheses, structures, and properties

The interaction of Sn(IV)Cl2Pc with an excess of NaBPh4 in the presence of fullerenes C60 and C70 provides complete dissolution of Sn(IV)Cl2Pc and the formation of blue solutions from which the crystals of [SnPhPc(2-)](+)(BPh4)(-)·C6H14 () or [SnPhPc˙(3-)]·C6H4Cl2 () were selectively isolated. According to the optical spectra, salt contains dianionic Pc(2-) macrocycles, whereas macrocycles are reduced to form the Pc˙(3-) radical trianions in . As a result, the phthalocyanine macrocycle is dianionic in , and the positive charge of Sn(IV) is compensated by the Ph(-), Pc(2-), and BPh4(-) anions in this compound. The formally neutral compound contains two anionic species of Ph(-) and Pc˙(3-) and the Sn(IV) ion as the counter cation. Phenyl substituents are linked to the Sn(IV) atoms by the Sn-C(Ph) bonds of 2.098(2) () and 2.105(2) Å () length. The dianionic Pc(2-) macrocycle significantly deviates from planarity in while Pc˙(3-) is planar in . Salt manifests only a weak impurity EPR signal. Compound manifests an intense EPR signal with g = 2.0046 and a linewidth of 0.5 mT at 298 K due to the presence of Pc˙(3-). Spins are weakly antiferromagnetically coupled in the π-stacking [SnPhPc˙(3-)]2 dimers of with a Weiss temperature of -3 K and the estimated magnetic exchange interaction J/kB = -0.23 K.

Interligand Charge Transfer in a Complex of Deprotonated cis-Indigo Dianions and Tin(II) Phthalocyanine Radical Anions with Cp*IrIII

A diamagnetic complex, {(cis-indigo-N,N)^2-(Cp*Ir^III)} (1), in which deprotonated cis-indigo dianions coordinate an iridium center through two nitrogen atoms was obtained. By employment of the ability of the iridium center in 1 to coordinate an additional ligand, the complex [(Bu₄N⁺)₂{[Sn^II(Pc^•3-)](cis-indigo-N,N)^2-Cp*Ir^III}^•-₂·0.5(H₂Indigo)·2.5C₆H₄C_l2 (2), which has two functional ligands coordinating an Ir^III center, was obtained. This complex has a magnetic moment of 1.71 μ_B at 300 K, in accordance with an S = 1/2 spin state. The spin density is mainly delocalized over the Pc^•3- macrocycle and partially on (cis-indigo-N,N)^2-. Due to an effective π-π interaction, a thermally activated charge transfer from [Sn^II(Pc^•3-)]^•- to (cis-indigo-N,N)^2- is observed, with an estimated Gibbs energy (-ΔG°) of 9.27 ± 0.18 kJ/mol. The deprotonation of indigo associated with the coordination of Ir^III by the indigo releases H⁺ ions, which protonate noncoordinating indigo molecules to produce leuco cis-indigo (H₂Indigo). One H₂indigo links two (cis-indigo-N,N)^2- dianions in 2 to produce strong N-H···O═C and O-H···O═C hydrogen-bonding interactions.

Salts with titanyl and vanadyl phthalocyanine radical anions. Molecular design and effect of cations on the structure and magnetic and optical properties

Our recent data on radical anion salts of titanyl (Ti^IVOPc) and vanadyl (V^IVOPc) phthalocyanines as well as additional new data are summarized.

Tetrabutylammonium Salts of Aluminum(III) and Gallium(III) Phthalocyanine Radical Anions Bonded with Fluoren-9-olato- Anions and Indium(III) Phthalocyanine Bromide Radical Anions

Reduction of aluminum(III), gallium(III), and indium(III) phthalocyanine chlorides by sodium fluorenone ketyl in the presence of tetrabutylammonium cations yielded crystalline salts of the type (Bu₄ N⁺ )₂ [M^III (HFl-O^- )(Pc^.3- )]^.- (Br^- )⋅1.5 C₆ H₄ Cl₂ [M=Al (1), Ga (2); HFl-O^- =fluoren-9-olato^- anion; Pc=phthalocyanine] and (Bu₄ N⁺ ) [In^III Br(Pc^.3- )]^.- ⋅0.875 C₆ H₄ Cl₂ ⋅0.125 C₆ H₁₄ (3). The salts were found to contain Pc^.3- radical anions with negatively charged phthalocyanine macrocycles, as evidenced by the presence of intense bands of Pc^.3- in the near-IR region and a noticeable blueshift in both the Q and Soret bands of phthalocyanine. The metal(III) atoms coordinate HFl-O^- anions in 1 and 2 with short Al-O and Ga-O bond lengths of 1.749(2) and 1.836(6) Å, respectively. The C-O bonds [1.402(3) and 1.391(11) Å in 1 and 2, respectively] in the HFl-O^- anions are longer than the same bond in the fluorenone ketyl (1.27-1.31 Å). Salts 1-3 show effective magnetic moments of 1.72, 1.66, and 1.79 μ_B at 300 K, respectively, owing to the presence of unpaired S=1/2 spins on Pc^.3- . These spins are coupled antiferromagnetically with Weiss temperatures of -22, -14, and -30 K for 1-3, respectively. Coupling can occur in the corrugated two-dimensional phthalocyanine layers of 1 and 2 with an exchange interaction of J/k_B =-0.9 and -1.1 K, respectively, and in the π-stacking {[In^III Br(Pc^.3- )]^.- }₂ dimers of 3 with an exchange interaction of J/k_B =-10.8 K. The salts show intense electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals attributed to Pc^.3- . It was found that increasing the size of the central metal atom strongly broadened these EPR signals.

Crystalline salts of metal phthalocyanine radical anions [M(Pc˙3−)]˙− (M = CuII, PbII, VIVO, SnIVCl2) with cryptand(Na+) cations: structure, optical and magnetic properties

Radical anion salts of metal phthalocyanines (M = Cu^II, Pb^II, V^IVO and Sn^IVCl₂) with the {cryptand(Na⁺)} cations have been obtained and studied.