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Chih YR, Lin YT, Yin CW, Chen YJ. High Intrinsic Phosphorescence Efficiency and Density Functional Theory Modeling of Ru(II)-Bipyridine Complexes with π-Aromatic-Rich Cyclometalated Ligands: Attributions of Spin-Orbit Coupling Perturbation and Efficient Configurational Mixing of Singlet Excited States. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48583-48599. [PMID: 36591186 PMCID: PMC9798779 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of π-aromatic-rich cyclometalated ruthenium(II)-(2,2'-bipyridine) complexes ([Ru(bpy)2(πAr-CM)]+) in which πAr-CM is diphenylpyrazine or 1-phenylisoquinoline were prepared. The [Ru(bpy)2(πAr-CM)]+ complexes had remarkably high phosphorescence rate constants, k RAD(p), and the intrinsic phosphorescence efficiencies (ιem(p) = k RAD(p)/(νem(p))3) of these complexes were found to be twice the magnitudes of simply constructed cyclometalated ruthenium(II) complexes ([Ru(bpy)2(sc-CM)]+), where νem(p) is the phosphorescence frequency and sc-CM is 2-phenylpyridine, benzo[h]quinoline, or 2-phenylpyrimidine. Density functional theory (DFT) modeling of the [Ru(bpy)2(CM)]+ complexes indicated numerous singlet metal-to-ligand charge transfers for 1MLCT-(Ru-bpy) and 1MLCT-(Ru-CM), excited states in the low-energy absorption band and 1ππ*-(aromatic ligand) (1ππ*-LAr) excited states in the high-energy band. DFT modeling of these complexes also indicated phosphorescence-emitting state (Te) configurations with primary MLCT-(Ru-bpy) characteristics. The variation in ιem(p) for the spin-forbidden Te (3MLCT-(Ru-bpy)) excited state of the complex system that was examined in this study can be understood through the spin-orbit coupling (SOC)-mediated sum of intensity stealing (∑SOCM-IS) contribution from the primary intensity of the low-energy 1MLCT states and second-order intensity perturbation from the significant configuration between the low-energy 1MLCT and high-energy intense 1ππ*-LAr states. In addition, the observation of unusually high ιem(p) magnitudes for these [Ru(bpy)2(πAr-CM)]+ complexes can be attributed to the values for both intensity factors in the ∑SOCM-IS formalism being individually greater than those for [Ru(bpy)2(sc-CM)]+ ions.
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Tao Zhou, Zhang H, Zhang SH, Hu Z. Room Temperature Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, and Fluorescence Properties of One Novel Cubane Zinc Cluster Based on 1-{2-Hydroxy-3-[(2-Hydroxy-3-Methoxy-Benzylidene)-Amino]-Phenyl}-Ethanone. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622601817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Brocha Silalahi RP, Chiu TH, Kao JH, Wu CY, Yin CW, Liu YC, Chen YJ, Saillard JY, Chiang MH, Liu CW. Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Two-Electron Bimetallic Cu-Ag and Cu-Au Nanoclusters via Copper Hydride Precursors. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10799-10807. [PMID: 34236845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structural characteristics, and photophysical properties of luminescent Cu-rich bimetallic superatomic clusters [Au@Cu12(S2CNnPr2)6(C≡CPh)4]+ (1a+), [Au@Cu12{S2P(OR)2}6(C≡CPh)4]+ (2+), (2a+ = iPr; 2b+ = nPr), [Au@Cu12{S2P(C2H4Ph)2}6(C≡CPh)4]+ (2c+), and [Ag@Cu12{S2P(OnPr)2}6(C≡CPh)4]+ (3+) were studied. Compositionally uniform clusters 1+-3+ were isolated from the reaction of dithiolato-stabilized, polyhydrido copper clusters with phenylacetylene in the presence of heterometal salts. By using X-ray diffraction, the structures of 1a+, 2a+, 2b+, and 3+ were able to be determined. ESI-mass spectrometry and elemental analysis confirmed their compositions and purity. The structural characteristics of these clusters are similar with respect to displaying gold (or silver)-centered Cu12 cuboctahedra surrounded by six dithiocarbamate/dithiophosph(in)ate and four alkynyl ligands. The doping of Au and Ag atoms into the polyhydrido copper nanoclusters significantly enhances their PL quantum yields from Ag@Cu12 (0.58%) to Au@Cu12 (55%) at ambient temperature in solution. In addition, the electrochemical properties of the new alloys were investigated by cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhone P Brocha Silalahi
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, Taiwan 974301, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Hao Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, Taiwan 974301, R.O.C
| | - Jhen-Heng Kao
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, Taiwan 974301, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Yen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, Taiwan 974301, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Wei Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University 510 Zhongzheng Road, Xinzhung District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 24205, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chiao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academica Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11528, R.O.C
| | - Yuan Jang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University 510 Zhongzheng Road, Xinzhung District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 24205, R.O.C
| | | | - Ming-Hsi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academica Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11528, R.O.C
| | - C W Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, Taiwan 974301, R.O.C
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Lu IC, Tsai CN, Lin YT, Hung SY, Chao VPS, Yin CW, Luo DW, Chen HY, Endicott JF, Chen YJ. Near-IR Charge-Transfer Emission at 77 K and Density Functional Theory Modeling of Ruthenium(II)-Dipyrrinato Chromophores: High Phosphorescence Efficiency of the Emitting State Related to Spin-Orbit Coupling Mediation of Intensity from Numerous Low-Energy Singlet Excited States. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:903-919. [PMID: 33470828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient charge-transfer (CT) phosphorescence in the near-IR (NIR) spectral region is reported for four substituted Ru-(R-dipyrrinato) complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(R-dipy)](PF6), where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and the substituent R is phenyl (ph), 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl (HOOC-ph), or 4-pyridinyl. The experimentally determined phosphorescence efficiency, ιem(p) = kRAD(p)/(νem(p))3 (where kRAD(p) and νem(p) are the phosphorescence rate constant and the phosphorescence frequency, respectively), of the [Ru(bpy)2(R-dipy)]+ complexes was approximately double that of [Ru(bpy)(Am)4]2+ complexes (Am = ammine ligand) in the NIR region. Density functional theory (DFT) modeling indicated two strikingly different electronic configurations of the triplet emitting state (Te) in the two types of complexes. The Te of [Ru(bpy)2(R-dipy)]+ complexes shows a CT-type corresponding to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT)-(Ru-(R-dipy)) and the ππ*-(R-dipy) moiety configurations, and the Te state in the [Ru(bpy)(Am)4]2+ complexes corresponds to an approximately MLCT excited state consisting of mostly MLCT-(Ru-bpy) with a minimal ππ*(bpy) contribution. DFT modeling also indicated that the low-energy singlet excited states in the Te geometry (Sn(T)) of the [Ru(bpy)2(ph-dipy)]+ complex consist of numerous CT-Sn(T)-type states of the Ru-dipy and Ru-bpy moieties, whereas the [Ru(bpy)(Am)4]2+ ions show quite simple MLCT-Sn(T)-type states of the Ru-bpy moiety. Based on experimental observations, DFT modeling, and the plain spin-orbit coupling (SOC) principle, we conclude that the remarkably high ιem(p) amplitudes of the [Ru(bpy)2(R-dipy)]+ complexes relative to those of [Ru(bpy)(Am)4]2+ complexes can be attributed to the relatively substantial contribution of intrinsic SOC-mediated intensity stealing from the numerous low-energy CT-type Sn(T) states.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia Nung Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Yi Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Vincent P S Chao
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Wei Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dao-Wen Luo
- Instruments Center and Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, ROC
| | - John F Endicott
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Yuan Jang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
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Zhang XZ, Cheng CC, Chih YR, Lin YT, Chen HY, Chen YJ, Endicott JF. Low-Temperature Spectra and Density Functional Theory Modeling of Ru(II)-Bipyridine Complexes with Cyclometalated Ancillary Ligands: The Excited State Spin-Orbit Coupling Origin of Variations in Emission Efficiencies. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9431-9449. [PMID: 31557033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The 77 K emission spectra of cyclometalated ruthenium(II)-2,2'-bipyridine (CM-Ru-bpy) chromophores are very similar to those of related Ru-bpy complexes with am(m)ine or diimmine ancillary ligands, and density functional theory (DFT) modeling confirms that the lowest energy triplet metal to ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) excited states of CM-Ru-bpy and related Ru-bpy complexes have very similar electronic configurations. However, the phosphorescence decay efficiencies of CM-Ru-bpy excited states are about twice those of the conventional Ru-bpy analogues. In contrast to the similar 3MLCT excited state electronic configurations of the two classes of complexes, the CM-Ru-bpy chromophores have much broader visible region MLCT absorptions resulting from several overlapping transitions, even at 87 K. The emitting excited-state emission efficiencies depend on spin-orbit coupling (SOC) mediated intensity stealing from singlet excited states, and this work explores the relationship between the phosphorescence efficiency and visible region absorption spectra of Ru-bpy 3MLCT excited states in the weak SOC limit. The intrinsic 3MLCT emission efficiency, ιem, depends on mixing with singlet excited states whose RuIII-dπ-orbital angular momenta differ from that of the emitting state. DFT modeling of the 1MLCT excited-state electronic configurations that contribute significantly to the lowest energy absorption bands have RuIII-dπ orbitals that differ from those of their emitting 3MLCT excited states. This leads to a very close relationship between ιem and the lowest energy MLCT band absorptivities in Ru-bpy chromophores. Thus, the larger number of 1MLCT transitions that contribute to the lowest energy absorption bands accounts for the enhanced phosphorescence efficiency of Ru-bpy complexes with cyclometalated ancillary ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Fu-Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Ching Chia Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , Fu-Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Yu Ru Chih
- Department of Chemistry , Fu-Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Fu-Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 80708 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Yuan Jang Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Fu-Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205 , Taiwan , ROC
| | - John F Endicott
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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Wei H, Zhang L, Wang J, Chen J, Zheng G, Long F, Zou Z, Gao Y. One-Dimensional ABX3-Type Fluorescent Crystal: CH3NH3ZnI3. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201800017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Material and New Processing Technology of Ministry of Education; Guilin University of Technology; Guilin 541004 China
| | - Liuqi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Material and New Processing Technology of Ministry of Education; Guilin University of Technology; Guilin 541004 China
| | - Jilin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Material and New Processing Technology of Ministry of Education; Guilin University of Technology; Guilin 541004 China
- Guilin University of Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi; Guilin 541004 China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Material and New Processing Technology of Ministry of Education; Guilin University of Technology; Guilin 541004 China
| | - Guoyuan Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Material and New Processing Technology of Ministry of Education; Guilin University of Technology; Guilin 541004 China
- Guilin University of Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi; Guilin 541004 China
| | - Fei Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Material and New Processing Technology of Ministry of Education; Guilin University of Technology; Guilin 541004 China
- Guilin University of Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi; Guilin 541004 China
| | - Zhengguang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Material and New Processing Technology of Ministry of Education; Guilin University of Technology; Guilin 541004 China
- Guilin University of Technology; Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi; Guilin 541004 China
| | - Yihua Gao
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices (CNCD); Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Physics; Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST); Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
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Zhang SH, Wang JM, Zhang HY, Fan YP, Xiao Y. Highly efficient electrochemiluminescence based on 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole Schiff base two-dimensional Zn/Cd coordination polymers. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:410-419. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ComplexesHL1andHL2and1–4exhibit a stronger ECL emission and complexes1–4exhibit higher stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi (College of Chemistry and Bioengineering)
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Ming Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi (College of Chemistry and Bioengineering)
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi (College of Chemistry and Bioengineering)
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Peng Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi (College of Chemistry and Bioengineering)
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi (College of Chemistry and Bioengineering)
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- People's Republic of China
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