1
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Shillito GE, Preston D, Crowley JD, Wagner P, Harris SJ, Gordon KC, Kupfer S. Controlling Excited State Localization in Bichromophoric Photosensitizers via the Bridging Group. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4947-4956. [PMID: 38437618 PMCID: PMC10951951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
A series of photosensitizers comprised of both an inorganic and an organic chromophore are investigated in a joint synthetic, spectroscopic, and theoretical study. This bichromophoric design strategy provides a means by which to significantly increase the excited state lifetime by isolating the excited state away from the metal center following intersystem crossing. A variable bridging group is incorporated between the donor and acceptor units of the organic chromophore, and its influence on the excited state properties is explored. The Franck-Condon (FC) photophysics and subsequent excited state relaxation pathways are investigated with a suite of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques in combination with scalar-relativistic quantum chemical calculations. It is demonstrated that the presence of an electronically conducting bridge that facilitates donor-acceptor communication is vital to generate long-lived (32 to 45 μs), charge-separated states with organic character. In contrast, when an insulating 1,2,3-triazole bridge is used, the excited state properties are dominated by the inorganic chromophore, with a notably shorter lifetime of 60 ns. This method of extending the lifetime of a molecular photosensitizer is, therefore, of interest for a range of molecular electronic devices and photophysical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E. Shillito
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dan Preston
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National
University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago, 362 Leith Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Pawel Wagner
- University
of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Samuel J. Harris
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago, 362 Leith Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago, 362 Leith Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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2
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Robb MG, Bondì L, Rodríguez-Jiménez S, Garden AL, Jerabek P, Brooker S. Predictable electronic tuning of Fe II and Ru II complexes via choice of azine: correlation of ligand p Ka with Epa(M III/II) of complex. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1999-2007. [PMID: 38205818 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03484d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Five new mononuclear ruthenium(II) tris-ligated complexes have been synthesised, varying through the choice of azine in the family of 3-azinyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole ligands (Lazine): [Ru(Lpyridine)](PF6)2 (1), [Ru(Lpyridazine)](PF6)2 (2), [Ru(L4-pyrimidine)](PF6)2 (3), [Ru(Lpyrazine)](PF6)2 (4), [Ru(L2-pyrimidine)](PF6)2 (5). Three of them, 1·2MeCN·Et2O, 3·2MeCN·Et2O and 4·2MeCN, have been structurally characterised, confirming the presence of the meridional isomer, as was previously reported for the FeII analogues. Cyclic voltammetry studies, in dry CH3CN vs. Ag/0.01 M AgNO3, show that all five RuII complexes undergo a reversible RuIII/RuII process, with the midpoint potential (Em) increasing from 0.87 to 1.18 V as the azine is changed: pyridine < pyridazine < 2-pyrimidine < 4-pyrimidine < pyrazine. A strong inverse linear correlation (R2 = 0.98) is found between the RuIII/RuII redox potential and the calculated HOMO orbital energies, which is consistent with the expectation that it is easier to oxidise (lower Em) a metal ion with a higher HOMO orbital energy. The same trend was reported earlier for the family of analogous FeII complexes, albeit at lower values of Em in all cases. In addition, the ionisation potentials of the RuII complexes, as well as those of the other group 8 analogues (FeII and OsII), showed a linear relationship with Epa. As the MIII/II redox potentials of a family of complexes has been previously reported to correlate with ligand pKa values, a computational protocol to calculate, in silico, the pKa of the Lazine family of ligands was developed. A strong linear relationship was found between the readily calculated pKa of the Lazine ligand and the Epa of the MII complex, for all three families of complexes (R2 = 0.98).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Robb
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Luca Bondì
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Santiago Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Anna L Garden
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Paul Jerabek
- Institute of Hydrogen Technology, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Max Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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3
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Müller C, Kaufmann M, Brandon MP, Cullen AA, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Pryce MT. New Twist on the Light-Switch Effect: Controlling the Fate of Excited States with pH in a 4-Hydroxy-thiazol-extended Ruthenium(II) Dppz Complex. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10613-10620. [PMID: 38059354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a pH-dependent study of the excited state dynamics of a novel Ru complex bearing a 4-hydroxy thiazol-substituted dppz (dipyridophenazine) ligand (RuTzOH) and its deprotonated form (RuTzO-). We combine steady-state and time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy with electrochemical investigations to characterize the excited state relaxation, which upon photoexcitation at 400 nm is determined by a multitude of initially populated MLCT states for both complexes. Subsequently, for RuTzOH, two long-lived excited states are populated, leading to dual emission from the complexes, a feature that vanishes upon deprotonation. Upon deprotonation, the electron density on the dppz moiety increases significantly, leading to rapid energy populating ligand-centered states and thus deactivating the initially excited MLCT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Müller
- Computer Chemistry Center, Nägelsbachstraße 25, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael P Brandon
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoibhin A Cullen
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mary T Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Murali SS, Gallaher JK, Janiseck C, Tay EJ, Wagner I, Thorn KE, Ilina A, Tamming RR, Wang J, Sester C, Sutton JJ, Price MB, Gordon KC, Chen K, Zhan X, Hodgkiss JM, Hume PA. Triplets with a Twist: Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing in a Series of Electron Acceptor Materials Driven by Conformational Disorder. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:732-744. [PMID: 36538761 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Control over the populations of singlet and triplet excitons is key to organic semiconductor technologies. In different contexts, triplets can represent an energy loss pathway that must be managed (i.e., solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and lasers) or provide avenues to improve energy conversion (i.e., photon upconversion and multiplication systems). A key consideration in the interplay of singlet and triplet exciton populations in these systems is the rate of intersystem crossing (ISC). In this work, we design, measure, and model a series of new electron acceptor molecules and analyze them using a combination of ultrafast transient absorption and ultrafast broadband photoluminescence spectroscopies. We demonstrate that intramolecular triplet formation occurs within several hundred picoseconds in solution and is accelerated considerably in the solid state. Importantly, ISC occurs with sufficient rapidity to compete with charge formation in modern organic solar cells, implicating triplets in intrinsic exciton loss channels in addition to charge recombination. Density functional theory calculations reveal that ISC occurs in triplet excited states characterized by local deviations from orbital π-symmetry associated with rotationally flexible thiophene rings. In disordered films, structural distortions, therefore, result in significant increases in spin-orbit coupling, enabling rapid ISC. We demonstrate the generality of this proposal in an oligothiophene model system where ISC is symmetry-forbidden and show that conformational disorder introduced by the formation of a solvent glass accelerates ISC, outweighing the lower temperature and increased viscosity. This proposal sheds light on the factors responsible for facile ISC and provides a simple framework for molecular control over spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Shruthi Murali
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Joseph K Gallaher
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Céline Janiseck
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Elliot J Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin9016, New Zealand
| | - Isabella Wagner
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Thorn
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Aleksandra Ilina
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Ronnie R Tamming
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington5012, New Zealand
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Clément Sester
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Joshua J Sutton
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Michael B Price
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin9016, New Zealand
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington5012, New Zealand
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Paul A Hume
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
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5
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Kupfer S, Wächtler M, Guthmuller J. Light‐Driven Multi‐Charge Separation in a Push‐Pull Ruthenium‐based Photosensitizer – Assessed by RASSCF and TDDFT Simulations. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kupfer
- Friedrich Schiller Universitat Jena Chemisch Geowissenschaftliche Fakultat Institute of Physical Chemistry Helmholtzweg 1 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology: Leibniz-Institut fur Photonische Technologien Functional Interfaces GERMANY
| | - Julien Guthmuller
- Gdansk University of Technology: Politechnika Gdanska Institute of Physics and Computer Science POLAND
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6
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Liang R, Xiong W, Lo KC, Ho PY, Bai X, Lai W, Chan WK, Du L, Phillips DL. Revealing the Photophysical Dynamics of Selected Rigid Donor-Acceptor Systems: From Ligands to Ruthenium(II) Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10927-10935. [PMID: 34734732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Newly designed push-pull ligands (L1 and L2) with bithiophene (bth) as a donor and phenazine (phz) or quinoxalino[2,3-b]quinoxaline (qxq) as acceptors were synthesized and also incorporated with a bipyridyl Ru(II) complex to give Ru1 and Ru2, respectively. The ultrafast photophysical dynamics of the ligand and their respective Ru(II) complexes were well-characterized using time-resolved spectroscopies and quantum chemical calculations. Photoinduced charger transfer (CT) and intersystem crossing (ISC) processes were directly observed for L1 and L2. In addition, the interplay of three different triplet excited states was directly observed in the related Ru(II) complexes. The lowest-lying triplet excited states of the ligands and their respective Ru(II) complexes were both attributed to the CT transitions from donor (bth) to acceptor (phz or qxq) and result in 3ICT (intramolecular charge transfer) and 3ILCT (intraligand charge transfer) excited states, respectively. The lifetimes of the lowest-lying triplet excited states of L1, L2, Ru1, and Ru2 were measured to be 21.3, 50.4, 2.75, and 4.16 μs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenjuan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Cheung Lo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Po Yuen Ho
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueqin Bai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenquan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lili Du
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 572] [Impact Index Per Article: 190.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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8
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Isakov D, Schmid MA, Nauroozi D, Rau S, Tschierlei S. Prolonged Luminescence Lifetime of a Dual Emissive Ruthenium Dipyridophenazine-Type Complex in Aprotic and Protic Solvents. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14002-14010. [PMID: 34495655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A recently reported ruthenium(II) complex bearing an extended dipyridophenazine ligand exhibits unusual long-lived dual emission at room temperature. In this study, the effect of the introduction of a methyl protecting group to the imidazole moiety of this ligand (L1, 11-methyl-11H-imidazo[4,5-i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) on the photophysics of the respective ruthenium(II) complex [(tbbpy)2Ru(L1)]2+ (C1) is demonstrated by means of electrochemistry, UV/vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, as well as emission lifetime measurements, and transient absorption spectroscopy on the nanosecond time scale. At room temperature, C1 shows dual emission both in aprotic and in protic solvents with time constants of 1.1/34.2 and 1.2/8.4 μs, respectively. These lifetimes are assigned to the emission from 3MLCT and 3LC states. The introduction of the methyl group increases the lifetime of the 3LC state in C1 almost by a factor of 2 in acetonitrile solution compared to the previously reported compound. Accordingly, the newly introduced methyl group is described as a protecting group for the imidazole moiety of the heterocyclic ligand, which enables prolonged lifetimes of the dual emissive complex in protic solvents. The stabilization of the electronic structure is further underlined by the enhanced stability toward electrochemical reduction as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Isakov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Ann Schmid
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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9
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Sutton JJ, Preston D, Traber P, Steinmetzer J, Wu X, Kayal S, Sun XZ, Crowley JD, George MW, Kupfer S, Gordon KC. Excited-State Switching in Rhenium(I) Bipyridyl Complexes with Donor-Donor and Donor-Acceptor Substituents. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9082-9093. [PMID: 34111929 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of two Re(CO)3(bpy)Cl complexes in which the bpy is substituted with two donor (triphenylamine, TPA, ReTPA2) as well as both donor (TPA) and acceptor (benzothiadiazole, BTD, ReTPA-BTD) groups are presented. For ReTPA2 the absorption spectra show intense intraligand charge-transfer (ILCT) bands at 460 nm with small solvatochromic behavior; for ReTPA-BTD the ILCT transitions are weaker. These transitions are assigned as TPA → bpy transitions as supported by resonance Raman data and TDDFT calculations. The excited-state spectroscopy shows the presence of two emissive states for both complexes. The intensity of these emission signals is modulated by solvent. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy definitively assigns the excited states present in CH2Cl2 to be MLCT in nature, and in MeCN the excited states are ILCT in nature. DFT calculations indicated this switching with solvent is governed by access to states controlled by spin-orbit coupling, which is sufficiently different in the two solvents, allowing to select out each of the charge-transfer states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Philipp Traber
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Steinmetzer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Surajit Kayal
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-Z Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Michael W George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100 China
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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10
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Lu IC, Tsai CN, Lin YT, Hung SY, Chao VPS, Yin CW, Luo DW, Chen HY, Endicott JF, Chen YJ. Near-IR Charge-Transfer Emission at 77 K and Density Functional Theory Modeling of Ruthenium(II)-Dipyrrinato Chromophores: High Phosphorescence Efficiency of the Emitting State Related to Spin-Orbit Coupling Mediation of Intensity from Numerous Low-Energy Singlet Excited States. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:903-919. [PMID: 33470828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient charge-transfer (CT) phosphorescence in the near-IR (NIR) spectral region is reported for four substituted Ru-(R-dipyrrinato) complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(R-dipy)](PF6), where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and the substituent R is phenyl (ph), 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl (HOOC-ph), or 4-pyridinyl. The experimentally determined phosphorescence efficiency, ιem(p) = kRAD(p)/(νem(p))3 (where kRAD(p) and νem(p) are the phosphorescence rate constant and the phosphorescence frequency, respectively), of the [Ru(bpy)2(R-dipy)]+ complexes was approximately double that of [Ru(bpy)(Am)4]2+ complexes (Am = ammine ligand) in the NIR region. Density functional theory (DFT) modeling indicated two strikingly different electronic configurations of the triplet emitting state (Te) in the two types of complexes. The Te of [Ru(bpy)2(R-dipy)]+ complexes shows a CT-type corresponding to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT)-(Ru-(R-dipy)) and the ππ*-(R-dipy) moiety configurations, and the Te state in the [Ru(bpy)(Am)4]2+ complexes corresponds to an approximately MLCT excited state consisting of mostly MLCT-(Ru-bpy) with a minimal ππ*(bpy) contribution. DFT modeling also indicated that the low-energy singlet excited states in the Te geometry (Sn(T)) of the [Ru(bpy)2(ph-dipy)]+ complex consist of numerous CT-Sn(T)-type states of the Ru-dipy and Ru-bpy moieties, whereas the [Ru(bpy)(Am)4]2+ ions show quite simple MLCT-Sn(T)-type states of the Ru-bpy moiety. Based on experimental observations, DFT modeling, and the plain spin-orbit coupling (SOC) principle, we conclude that the remarkably high ιem(p) amplitudes of the [Ru(bpy)2(R-dipy)]+ complexes relative to those of [Ru(bpy)(Am)4]2+ complexes can be attributed to the relatively substantial contribution of intrinsic SOC-mediated intensity stealing from the numerous low-energy CT-type Sn(T) states.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia Nung Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Yi Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Vincent P S Chao
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Wei Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dao-Wen Luo
- Instruments Center and Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, ROC
| | - John F Endicott
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Yuan Jang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
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11
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McLay JRW, Sutton JJ, Shillito GE, Larsen CB, Huff GS, Lucas NT, Gordon KC. Transitioning from Intraligand π,π* to Charge-Transfer Excited States Using Thiophene-Based Donor-Acceptor Systems. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:130-139. [PMID: 33347759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of electron donor-acceptor compounds are reported in which both the donor and acceptor strengths are systematically altered using mono-, bi-, and terthiophene as donors and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (btd), dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz), and the corresponding rhenium(I) complex, [ReCl(CO)3(dppz)], as acceptors. The electronic properties of the compounds are characterized using electrochemistry, electronic absorbance and emission spectroscopies, and transient absorption spectroscopy. The effect of donor and acceptor strengths on frontier molecular orbital localization and on the charge-transfer (CT) character of optical transitions is modeled using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The electronic absorption spectra of the compounds investigated are dominated by intraligand charge-transfer (ILCT) transitions, where the CT character is shown to increase across the series from mono- to bi- to terthiophene but not significantly across the acceptor series. Emission is shown to originate from the absorbing state. Long-lived nonemissive states have been observed using transient absorption spectroscopy and assigned using triplet-state DFT calculations, which indicate that the lowest energy excited state has more thiophene-localized π,π* character with an increasing number of appended thiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R W McLay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Joshua J Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Georgina E Shillito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Christopher B Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Gregory S Huff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Nigel T Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
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12
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Kaufmann M, Müller C, Cullen AA, Brandon MP, Dietzek B, Pryce MT. Photophysics of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Thiazole π-Extended Dipyridophenazine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 60:760-773. [PMID: 33356204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-based donor-acceptor systems can produce long-lived excited charge-transfer states by visible-light irradiation. The novel ruthenium(II) polypyridyl type complexes Ru1 and Ru2 based on the dipyridophenazine ligand (L0) directly linked to 4-hydroxythiazoles of different donor strengths were synthesized and photophysically characterized. The excited-state dynamics were investigated by femtosecond-to-nanosecond transient absorption and nanosecond emission spectroscopy complemented by time-dependent density functional theory calculations. These results indicate that photoexcitation in the visible region leads to the population of both metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (1MLCT) and thiazole (tz)-induced intraligand charge-transfer (1ILCT) states. Thus, the excited-state dynamics is described by two excited-state branches, namely, the population of (i) a comparably short-lived phenazine-centered 3MLCT state (τ ≈ 150-400 ps) and (ii) a long-lived 3ILCT state (τ ≈ 40-300 ns) with excess charge density localized on the phenazine and tz moieties. Notably, the ruthenium(II) complexes feature long-lived dual emission with lifetimes in the ranges τEm,1 ≈ 40-300 ns and τEm,2 ≈ 100-200 ns, which are attributed to emission from the 3ILCT and 3MLCT manifolds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaufmann
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany.,Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Aoibhin A Cullen
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Michael P Brandon
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany.,Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Mary T Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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13
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Roque JA, Barrett PC, Cole HD, Lifshits LM, Shi G, Monro S, von Dohlen D, Kim S, Russo N, Deep G, Cameron CG, Alberto ME, McFarland SA. Breaking the barrier: an osmium photosensitizer with unprecedented hypoxic phototoxicity for real world photodynamic therapy. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9784-9806. [PMID: 33738085 PMCID: PMC7953430 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03008b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia presents a two-fold challenge in the treatment of cancer, as low oxygen conditions induce biological changes that make malignant tissues simultaneously more aggressive and less susceptible to standard chemotherapy. This paper reports the first metal-based photosensitizer that approaches the ideal properties for a phototherapy agent. The Os(phen)2-based scaffold was combined with a series of IP-nT ligands, where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and IP-nT = imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline tethered to n = 0-4 thiophene rings. Os-4T (n = 4) emerged as the most promising complex in the series, with picomolar activity and a phototherapeutic index (PI) exceeding 106 in normoxia. The photosensitizer exhibited an unprecedented PI > 90 (EC50 = 0.651 μM) in hypoxia (1% O2) with visible and green light, and a PI > 70 with red light. Os-4T was also active with 733 nm near-infrared light (EC50 = 0.803 μM, PI = 77) under normoxia. Both computation and spectroscopic studies confirmed a switch in the nature of the lowest-lying triplet excited state from triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) to intraligand charge transfer (3ILCT) at n = 3, with a lower energy and longer lifetime for n = 4. All compounds in the series were relatively nontoxic in the dark but became increasingly phototoxic with additional thiophenes. These normoxic and hypoxic activities are the largest reported to date, demonstrating the utility of osmium for phototherapy applications. Moreover, Os-4T had a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in mice that was >200 mg kg-1, which positions this photosensitizer as an excellent candidate for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Roque
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina , 27402 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas , 76019 USA . ;
| | - Patrick C Barrett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina , 27402 USA
| | - Houston D Cole
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas , 76019 USA . ;
| | - Liubov M Lifshits
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas , 76019 USA . ;
| | - Ge Shi
- Department of Chemistry , Acadia University , Wolfville , Nova Scotia , B4P 2R6 Canada
| | - Susan Monro
- Department of Chemistry , Acadia University , Wolfville , Nova Scotia , B4P 2R6 Canada
| | - David von Dohlen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina , 27402 USA
| | - Susy Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem , NC , 27157, USA
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche , Università della Calabria , Arcavacata di Rende , 87036 Italy .
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem , NC , 27157, USA
| | - Colin G Cameron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina , 27402 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas , 76019 USA . ;
| | - Marta E Alberto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche , Università della Calabria , Arcavacata di Rende , 87036 Italy .
| | - Sherri A McFarland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina , 27402 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas , 76019 USA . ;
- Department of Chemistry , Acadia University , Wolfville , Nova Scotia , B4P 2R6 Canada
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14
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Shillito GE, Preston D, Traber P, Steinmetzer J, McAdam CJ, Crowley JD, Wagner P, Kupfer S, Gordon KC. Excited-State Switching Frustrates the Tuning of Properties in Triphenylamine-Donor-Ligand Rhenium(I) and Platinum(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6736-6746. [PMID: 32338504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of a series of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl and platinum(II) bis(acetylide) complexes containing a triphenylamine (TPA)-substituted 1,10-phenanthroline ligand have been examined. The complexes possess both metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) and intraligand charge-transfer (ILCT) transitions that absorb in the visible region. The relative energies and ordering of the absorbing CT states have been successfully controlled by changing the metal center and modulating the donating ability of the TPA group through the addition of electron-donating methoxy and electron-withdrawing cyano groups. The ground-state properties behave in a predictable manner as a function of the TPA substituent and are characterized with a suite of techniques including electronic absorption spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and time-dependent density functional theory calculations. However, systematic control over the ground-state properties of the complexes does not extend to their excited-state behavior. Unexpectedly, despite variation of both the MLCT and ILCT state energies, all of the luminescent complexes displayed near-isoenergetic emission at 298 K, yet the emissive lifetimes of the complexes vary from 290 ns to 3.9 μs. Excited-state techniques including transient absorption and transient resonance Raman, combined with a suite of quantum-chemical calculations, including scalar relativistic effects to elucidate competitive excited-state relaxation pathways, have been utilized to aid in assignment of the long-lived state in the complexes, which was shown to possess differing 3MLCT and 3ILCT contributions across the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E Shillito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Philipp Traber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Johannes Steinmetzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - C John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Pawel Wagner
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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15
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Zibaseresht R. Efficient synthesis of a new ditopic bipyridine–terpyridine bridging ligand. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1725576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Zibaseresht
- Faculty of Sciences, Maritime University of Imam Khomeini, Noshahr, Iran
- Biomaterials and Medicinal Chemistry Research Centre, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Fang C, Tang L, Chen C. Unveiling coupled electronic and vibrational motions of chromophores in condensed phases. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:200901. [PMID: 31779327 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for capturing molecular movies of functional systems has motivated scientists and engineers for decades. A fundamental understanding of electronic and nuclear motions, two principal components of the molecular Schrödinger equation, has the potential to enable the de novo rational design for targeted functionalities of molecular machines. We discuss the development and application of a relatively new structural dynamics technique, femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy with broadly tunable laser pulses from the UV to near-IR region, in tracking the coupled electronic and vibrational motions of organic chromophores in solution and protein environments. Such light-sensitive moieties hold broad interest and significance in gaining fundamental knowledge about the intramolecular and intermolecular Hamiltonian and developing effective strategies to control macroscopic properties. Inspired by recent experimental and theoretical advances, we focus on the in situ characterization and spectroscopy-guided tuning of photoacidity, excited state proton transfer pathways, emission color, and internal conversion via a conical intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Longteng Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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17
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Isakov D, Giereth R, Nauroozi D, Tschierlei S, Rau S. Two Emissive Long-Lived Excited States of an Imidazole-Functionalized Ruthenium Dipyridophenazine Complex. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12646-12653. [PMID: 31532651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A ruthenium(II) polypyridine-type complex based on the dipyridophenazine ligand with a directly fused imidazole unit (L1, dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine-10,11-imidazole) has been synthesized, and its electrochemical and photophysical properties have been studied. The cyclic voltammogram of [Ru(tbbpy)2(L1)]2+ (C1) (tbbpy is 4,4'-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine) shows a cathodic shift of the phenazine-based reduction process compared to similar molecules, while the first detected reduction wave (-1.34 V vs Fc/Fc+) is assigned to the imidazole unit within the molecule. On the basis of the TD-DFT calculations, the strong visible absorption band exhibited by C1 is assigned to a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition with a concurrent ligand-centered (LC) transition. At room-temperature, C1 features emission (Φ = 0.04) from its lowest excited states with time constants of 1.2 and 18.3 μs. These lifetimes are assigned to emission processes from the 3MLCT and 3LC state, respectively. This is the first time that a long-lived dual emission has been observed for a ruthenium(II) complex bearing a directly fused extended π-system. Furthermore, the emission of C1 is quenched upon water addition. In contrast to related compounds based on a dipyridophenazine ligand, the excited state energy is not shifted, and the lifetime is drastically decreased to 169 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Isakov
- Ulm University , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Robin Giereth
- Ulm University , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Ulm University , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Ulm University , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Ulm University , Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , 89081 Ulm , Germany
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18
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Barnsley JE, Shillito GE, Larsen CB, van der Salm H, Horvath R, Sun XZ, Wu X, George MW, Lucas NT, Gordon KC. Generation of Microsecond Charge-Separated Excited States in Rhenium(I) Diimine Complexes: Driving Force Is the Dominant Factor in Controlling Lifetime. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9785-9795. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Holly van der Salm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Raphael Horvath
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2NR, United Kingdom
| | - Xue Zhong Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2NR, United Kingdom
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2NR, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2NR, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Nigel T. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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19
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Barnsley JE, Pelet W, McAdam J, Wagner K, Hayes P, Officer DL, Wagner P, Gordon KC. When “Donor–Acceptor” Dyes Delocalize: A Spectroscopic and Computational Study of D–A Dyes Using “Michler’s Base”. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5957-5968. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Barnsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - William Pelet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Klaudia Wagner
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Patricia Hayes
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - David L. Officer
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Pawel Wagner
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
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20
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McKay AP, Mapley JI, Gordon KC, McMorran DA. Ru II and Ir III Complexes Containing ADA and DAD Triple Hydrogen Bonding Motifs: Potential Tectons for the Assembly of Functional Materials. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1194-1203. [PMID: 30633442 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of a series of [RuII (bpy)2 L] and [Ir(ppy)2 L] complexes containing ligands L with the potential to engage in triple hydrogen bonding interactions is described. L1 and L2 comprise pyridyl triazole chelating units with pendant diaminotriazine units, capable of donor-acceptor-donor (DAD) hydrogen bonding, while L3 and L4 contain ADA hydrogen bonding units proximal to N^N and N^O cleating sites, respectively. X-ray crystallography shows the L1 and L2 containing RuII complexes to assemble via R 2 2 8 hydrogen bonding dimers, while [RuII (bpy)2 L4] assembles via extended hydrogen bonding motifs to form one dimensional chains. By contrast, the expected hydrogen bonding patterns are not observed for the RuII and IrIII complexes of L3. Spectroscopic studies show that the absorption spectra of the complexes result from combinations of MLCT and LLCT transitions. The L1 and L2 complexes of IrIII and RuII complexes are emissive in the solid state and it seems likely that hydrogen bonding to complementary species may facilitate tuning of their 3 ILCT emission. Low frequency Raman spectra provide further evidence for ordered interactions in the solid state for the L4 complexes, consistent with the results from X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan P McKay
- Department of Chemistry Te Tari Hua Ruanuku, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joseph I Mapley
- Department of Chemistry Te Tari Hua Ruanuku, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry Te Tari Hua Ruanuku, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David A McMorran
- Department of Chemistry Te Tari Hua Ruanuku, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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21
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Schnaubelt L, Petzold H, Hörner G, Rüffer T, Klein N, Lang H. Tailoring of the Frontier Orbital Character in Co
2+/3+
Complexes with Triarylamine Substituted Terpyridine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Schnaubelt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Holm Petzold
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Institute of Chemistry Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Niels Klein
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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22
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Sutton JJ, Nguyen TL, Woo HY, Gordon KC. Variable‐Temperature Resonance Raman Studies to Probe Interchain Ordering for Semiconducting Conjugated Polymers with Different Chain Curvature. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1175-1183. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Sutton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OtagoDunedin and MacDiarmid Institute Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Thanh Luan Nguyen
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKorea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKorea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OtagoDunedin and MacDiarmid Institute Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
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23
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Rodríguez‐Jiménez S, Bondì L, Yang M, Garden AL, Brooker S. Predictable Electronic Tuning By Choice of Azine Substituent in Five Iron(II) Triazoles: Redox Properties and DFT Calculations. Chem Asian J 2018; 14:1158-1166. [PMID: 30550630 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rodríguez‐Jiménez
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyUniversity of Otago P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Luca Bondì
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyUniversity of Otago P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Mingrui Yang
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyUniversity of Otago P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Anna L. Garden
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyUniversity of Otago P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyUniversity of Otago P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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24
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Schnaubelt L, Petzold H, Speck JM, Rüffer T, Hörner G, Lang H. Spin Transition and Charge Transfer in Co2+
/Co3+
Complexes of Meridional Ligands Holding Nearby Redox-active Triarylamine. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Schnaubelt
- Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Holm Petzold
- Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - J. Matthäus Speck
- Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Institute of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Technische Universität Chemnitz; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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25
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Barnsley JE, Shillito GE, Mapley JI, Larsen CB, Lucas NT, Gordon KC. Walking the Emission Tightrope: Spectral and Computational Analysis of Some Dual-Emitting Benzothiadiazole Donor–Acceptor Dyes. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7991-8006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph I. Mapley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Nigel T. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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26
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Barnsley JE, Tay EJ, Gordon KC, Thomas DB. Frequency dispersion reveals chromophore diversity and colour-tuning mechanism in parrot feathers. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172010. [PMID: 30109049 PMCID: PMC6083696 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Variation in animal coloration is often viewed as the result of chemically distinct pigments conferring different hues. The role of molecular environment on hue tends to be overlooked as analyses are mostly performed on free pigments extracted from the integument. Here we analysed psittacofulvin pigments within parrot feathers to explore whether the in situ organization of pigments may have an effect on hue. Resonance Raman spectra from a red region of a yellow-naped amazon Amazona auropalliata tail feather show frequency dispersion, a phenomenon that is related to the presence of a range of molecular conformations (and multiple chromophores) in the pigment, whereas spectra from a yellow region on the same feather do not show the same evidence for multiple chromophores. Our findings are consistent with non-isomeric psittacofulvin pigments behaving as a single chromophore in yellow feather barbs, which implies that psittacofulvins are dispersed into a structurally disordered mixture in yellow feathers compared with red feathers. Frequency dispersion in red barbs may instead indicate that pigments are structurally organized through molecule-molecule interactions. Major differences in the hues of parrot feathers are thus associated with differences in the organization of pigments within feathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Barnsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elliot J. Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Daniel B. Thomas
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
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Shillito GE, Hall TBJ, Preston D, Traber P, Wu L, Reynolds KEA, Horvath R, Sun XZ, Lucas NT, Crowley JD, George MW, Kupfer S, Gordon KC. Dramatic Alteration of 3ILCT Lifetimes Using Ancillary Ligands in [Re(L)(CO) 3(phen-TPA)] n+ Complexes: An Integrated Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [PMID: 29537264 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ground and excited state photophysical properties of a series of fac-[Re(L)(CO)3(α-diimine)] n+ complexes, where L = Br-, Cl-, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (dmap) and pyridine (py) have been extensively studied utilizing numerous electronic and vibrational spectroscopic techniques in conjunction with a suite of quantum chemical methods. The α-diimine ligand consists of 1,10-phenanthroline with the highly electron donating triphenylamine (TPA) appended in the 5 position. This gives rise to intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) states lying lower in energy than the conventional metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state, the energies of which are red and blue-shifted, respectively, as the ancillary ligand, L becomes more electron withdrawing. The emitting state is 3ILCT in nature for all complexes studied, characterized through transient absorption and emission, transient resonance Raman (TR2), time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy and TDDFT calculations. Systematic modulation of the ancillary ligand causes unanticipated variation in the 3ILCT lifetime by 2 orders of magnitude, ranging from 6.0 μs for L = Br- to 27 ns for L = py, without altering the nature of the excited state formed or the relative order of the other CT states present. Temperature dependent lifetime measurements and quantum chemical calculations provide no clear indication of close lying deactivating states, MO switching, contributions from a halide-to-ligand charge transfer (XLCT) state or dramatic changes in spin-orbit coupling. It appears that the influence of the ancillary ligand on the excited state lifetime could be explained in terms of energy gap law, in which there is a correlation between ln( knr) and Eem with a slope of -21.4 eV-1 for the 3ILCT emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E Shillito
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Thomas B J Hall
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Philipp Traber
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Lingjun Wu
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | | | - Raphael Horvath
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Xue Z Sun
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Nigel T Lucas
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Michael W George
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Nottingham Ningbo China , 199 Taikang East Road , Ningbo 315100 , China
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
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28
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Sutton JJ, Barnsley JE, Mapley JI, Wagner P, Officer DL, Gordon KC. Modulation of Donor-Acceptor Distance in a Series of Carbazole Push-Pull Dyes; A Spectroscopic and Computational Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020421. [PMID: 29443935 PMCID: PMC6017769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of eight carbazole-cyanoacrylate based donor-acceptor dyes were studied. Within the series the influence of modifying the thiophene bridge, linking donor and acceptor and a change in the nature of the acceptor, from acid to ester, was explored. In this joint experimental and computational study we have used electronic absorbance and emission spectroscopies, Raman spectroscopy and computational modeling (density functional theory). From these studies it was found that extending the bridge length allowed the lowest energy transition to be systematically red shifted by 0.12 eV, allowing for limited tuning of the absorption of dyes using this structural motif. Using the aforementioned techniques we demonstrate that this transition is charge transfer in nature. Furthermore, the extent of charge transfer between donor and acceptor decreases with increasing bridge length and the bridge plays a smaller role in electronically mixing with the acceptor as it is extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan E Barnsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Joseph I Mapley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Pawel Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute/AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - David L Officer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute/AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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29
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Cadranel A, Oviedo PS, Pieslinger GE, Yamazaki S, Kleiman VD, Baraldo LM, Guldi DM. Trapping intermediate MLCT states in low-symmetry {Ru(bpy)} complexes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7434-7442. [PMID: 29163895 PMCID: PMC5674176 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02670f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The picosecond excited state dynamics of [Ru(tpm)(bpy)(NCS)]+ (RubNCS+ ) and [Ru(tpm)(bpy)(CN)]+ (RubCN+ ) (tpm = tris(1-pyrazolyl)methane, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) have been analyzed by means of transient absorption measurements and spectroelectrochemistry. Emissive 3MLCTs with (GS)HOMO(h+)-(GS)LUMO(e-) configurations are the lowest triplet excited states regardless of whether 387 or 505 nm photoexcitation is used. 387 nm photoexcitation yields, after a few picoseconds, the emissive 3MLCTs. In contrast, 505 nm photoexcitation populates an intermediate excited state that we assign as a 3MLCT state, in which the hole sits in a metal-centered orbital of different symmetry, prior to its conversion to the emissive 3MLCTs. The disparities in terms of electronic configuration between the intermediate and the emissive 3MLCTs have two important consequences. On one hand, both states feature very different fingerprint absorptions in transient absorption measurements. On the other hand, the reconfiguration is impeded by a kinetic barrier. As such, the conversion is followed spectroscopically and kinetically on the 300 ps timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cadranel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany . ;
| | - Paola S Oviedo
- Departamento de Química Analítica , Inorgánica y Química Física , INQUIMAE , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón 2 , C1428EHA , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - German E Pieslinger
- Departamento de Química Analítica , Inorgánica y Química Física , INQUIMAE , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón 2 , C1428EHA , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Shiori Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , PO BOX 117200 , Gainesville , FL 32611-7200 , USA
| | - Valeria D Kleiman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , PO BOX 117200 , Gainesville , FL 32611-7200 , USA
| | - Luis M Baraldo
- Departamento de Química Analítica , Inorgánica y Química Física , INQUIMAE , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón 2 , C1428EHA , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany . ;
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30
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Adams BS, Shillito GE, van der Salm H, Horvath R, Larsen CB, Sun XZ, Lucas NT, George MW, Gordon KC. Alteration of Intraligand Donor–Acceptor Interactions Through Torsional Connectivity in Substituted Re-dppz Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12967-12977. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany S. Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | | | - Holly van der Salm
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Raphael Horvath
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | | | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Nigel T. Lucas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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31
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Barnsley JE, Lomax BA, McLay JRW, Larsen CB, Lucas NT, Gordon KC. Flicking the Switch on Donor-Acceptor Interactions in Hexaazatrinaphthalene Dyes: A Spectroscopic and Computational Study. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Barnsley
- Department of Chemistry; University of Otago, Union Place West; Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Bethany A. Lomax
- Department of Chemistry; University of Otago, Union Place West; Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - James R. W. McLay
- Department of Chemistry; University of Otago, Union Place West; Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Christopher B. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Otago, Union Place West; Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Nigel T. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry; University of Otago, Union Place West; Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry; University of Otago, Union Place West; Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
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Huang J, Zhou X, Zhao Q, Li S, Xia H. Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of 4,5-Diazafluoren-9-yl or Fluoren-9-yl Terminated Homobimetallic Ruthenium and Osmium Allenylidene, Alkynyl-Allenylidene Complexes. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Huang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University, Xiamen; Fujian 361005 China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University, Xiamen; Fujian 361005 China
| | - Qianyi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University, Xiamen; Fujian 361005 China
| | - Shunhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University, Xiamen; Fujian 361005 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University, Xiamen; Fujian 361005 China
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33
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McKay AP, Shillito GE, Gordon KC, McMorran DA. Cyclometallated platinum(ii) and palladium(ii) complexes containing 1,5-diarylbiguanides: synthesis, characterisation and hydrogen bond-directed assembly. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01805c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
[M(ppy)(big)] (M = Pt(ii), Pd(ii), big = 1,5-diarylbiguanide) complexes are synthesised and their promise as tectons for hydrogen bond-directed assembly is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan P. McKay
- Department of Chemistry Te Tari Hua-Ruanuku
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
| | - Georgina E. Shillito
- Department of Chemistry Te Tari Hua-Ruanuku
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry Te Tari Hua-Ruanuku
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
| | - David A. McMorran
- Department of Chemistry Te Tari Hua-Ruanuku
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
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