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Zeng Z, Gao H, Zhou Z, Yi W. Intermolecular Redox-Neutral Carboamination of C–C Multiple Bonds Initiated by Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Activation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Zeng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yi
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Wodrich MD, Chang M, Gallarati S, Woźniak Ł, Cramer N, Corminboeuf C. Mapping Catalyst-Solvent Interplay in Competing Carboamination/Cyclopropanation Reactions. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200399. [PMID: 35522013 PMCID: PMC9401068 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Group 9 metals, in particular RhIII complexes with cyclopentadienyl ligands, are competent C-H activation catalysts. Recently, a Cp*RhIII -catalyzed reaction of alkenes with N-enoxyphthalimides showed divergent outcome based on the solvent, with carboamination favored in methanol and cyclopropanation in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). Here, we create selectivity and activity maps capable of unravelling the catalyst-solvent interplay on the outcome of these competing reactions by analyzing 42 cyclopentadienyl metal catalysts, CpX MIII (M=Co, Rh, Ir). These maps not only can be used to rationalize previously reported experimental results, but also capably predict the behavior of untested catalyst/solvent combinations as well as aid in identifying experimental protocols that simultaneously optimize both catalytic activity and selectivity (solutions in the Pareto front). In this regard, we demonstrate how and why the experimentally employed Cp*RhIII catalyst represents an ideal choice to invoke a solvent-induced change in reactivity. Additionally, the maps reveal the degree to which even perceived minor changes in the solvent (e. g., replacing methanol with ethanol) influence the ratio of carboamination and cyclopropanation products. Overall, the selectivity and activity maps presented here provide a generalizable tool to create global pictures of anticipated reaction outcome that can be used to develop new experimental protocols spanning metal, ligand, and solvent space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Wodrich
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Miyeon Chang
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Łukasz Woźniak
- National Centre for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and SynthesisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design andDiscovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
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3
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Xu M, Xia Y. Mechanistic Understanding of Rh(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral C—H Activation/Annulation Reactions of N-Phenoxyacetamides and Methyleneoxetanones. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Abstract
An important strategy for the efficient generation of diversity in molecular structures is the utilization of common starting materials in chemodivergent transformations. The most studied solutions for switching the chemoselectivity rely on the catalyst, ligand, additive, solvent, temperature, time, pressure, pH and even small modifications in the substrate. In this review article several processes have been selected such as inter- and intramolecular cyclizations, including carba-, oxa-, thia- and oxazacyclizations promoted mainly by Brønsted or Lewis acids, transition metals and organocatalysts, as well as radical reactions. Catalyst-controlled intra- and intermolecular cyclizations are mainly described to give five- and six-membered rings. Cycloaddition reactions involving (2+2), (3+2), (3+3), (4+1), (4+2), (5+2), (6+2) and (7+2) processes are useful reactions for the synthesis of cyclic systems using organocatalysts, metal catalysts and Lewis acid-controlled processes. Addition reactions mainly of carba- and heteronucleophiles to unsaturated conjugated substrates can give different adducts via metal catalyst-, Lewis acid- and solvent-dependent processes. Carbonylation reactions of amines and phenols are carried out via ligand-controlled transition metal-catalyzed multicomponent processes. Ring-opening reactions starting mainly from cyclopropanols, cyclopropenols and epoxides or aziridines are applied to the synthesis of acyclic versus cyclic products under catalyst-control mainly by Lewis acids. Chemodivergent reduction reactions are performed using dissolving metals, sodium borohydride or hydrogen transfer conditions under solvent control. Oxidation reactions include molecular oxygen under solvent control or using different dioxiranes, as well as chemodivergent palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions using boronic acids are applied to aromatic and allenic compounds. Other chemodivergent reactions such as alkylations and allylations under transition metal catalysis, dimerization of acetylenes, bromination of benzylic substrates, and A3-couplings are performed via catalyst- or reaction condition-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina P Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow University, Leminskie Gory 1, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Xing YY, Liu JB, Sun QM, Sun CZ, Huang F, Chen DZ. A Computational Mechanistic Study of Pd(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp 3)-H Borylation: Roles of APAO Ligands. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10690-10700. [PMID: 31419383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A computational mechanistic study has been performed on Pd(II)-catalyzed enantioselective reactions involving acetyl-protected aminomethyl oxazolines (APAO) ligands that significantly improved reactivity and selectivity in C(sp3)-H borylation. The results support a mechanism including initiation of C(sp3)-H bond activation generating a five-membered palladacycle and ligand exchange, followed by HPO42--promoted transmetalation. These resulting Pd(II) complexes further undergo sequential reductive elimination by coordination of APAO ligands and protonation to afford the enantiomeric products and deliver Pd(0) complexes, which will then proceed by oxidation and deprotonation to regenerate the catalyst. The C(sp3)-H activation is found to be the rate- and enantioselectivity-determining step, in which the APAO ligand acts as the proton acceptor to form the two enantioselectivity models. The results demonstrate that the diverse APAO ligands control the enantioselectivity by differentiating the distortion and interaction between the major and minor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Xing
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Biao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Min Sun
- Shandong Kaisheng New Materials Co., Ltd. , Zibo 255185 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
| | - De-Zhan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , People's Republic of China
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Wang Q, Huang F, Liu J, Wang W, Sun C, Chen D. Ligands and Bases Mediate Switching between Aminocarbonylations and Alkoxycarbonylations in Coupling of Aminophenols with Iodoarenes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10217-10226. [PMID: 31335128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of aminocarbonylations and alkoxycarbonylations in coupling of aminophenols with iodoarenes catalyzed by the bidentate phosphorus ligand Pd complexes were explored with theoretical calculations. The origins of chemoselective carbonylation mediated by ligands and bases were disclosed. According to our calculations, the bifurcation points of reaction pathways caused by different ligands and bases combinations are L1/L2Int5, a [DPPP/DIBPP]benzoylpalladium(II)iodide complex. The affinity of L1/L2Int5 and adducts (K2CO3 and DBU), as well as the substrate itself, are the predominant factors of switching from aminocarbonylation to alkoxycarbonylation. The results reveal that K2CO3 directly exchanges iodine with L1Int5 and assists in hydrogen transfer in the DPPP-K2CO3 combination, in which alkoxycarbonylation is more favorable than aminocarbonylation, while for the DIBPP-DBU combination, iodine exchange is achieved by means of the hydrogen bond formed between the carbonyl group on L2Int5 and the substrate amino H due to the influence of the ligand, and then iodine exchange occurs; subsequently DBU-assisted amino H transfers to complete the aminocarbonylation. The proton transfer is the step that determines the chemoselectivity in the DPPP-K2CO3 combination. The iodine exchange determines the chemoselectivity between aminocarbonylation and alkoxycarbonylation in the DIBPP-DBU one. These results would be helpful to deeply understand the roles of each component in a chemoselective reaction in a multicomponent complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Jianbiao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
| | - Dezhan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , P. R. China
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Li Y, Wu M, Chen H, Xu D, Qu L, Zhang J, Bai R, Lan Y. Role of Alkaline-Earth Metal-Catalyst: A Theoretical Study of Pyridines Hydroboration. Front Chem 2019; 7:149. [PMID: 30972320 PMCID: PMC6443636 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to investigate the mechanism of alkaline-earth-metal-catalyzed hydroboration of pyridines with borane. In this reaction, the active catalytic species is considered to be an alkaline earth metal hydride complex when the corresponding alkaline earth metal is used as the catalyst. The theoretical results reveal that initiation of the catalytic cycle is hydride transfer to generate a magnesium hydride complex when β-diimine alkylmagnesium is used as a pre-catalyst. The magnesium hydride complex can undergo coordination of the pyridine reactant followed by hydride transfer to form a dearomatized magnesium pyridine intermediate. Coordination of borane and hydride transfer from borohydride to magnesium then give the hydroboration product and regenerate the active magnesium hydride catalyst. The rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle is hydride transfer to pyridine with a free energy barrier of 29.7 kcal/mol. Other alkaline earth metal complexes, including calcium and strontium complexes, were also considered. The DFT calculations show that the corresponding activation free energies for the rate-determining step of this reaction with calcium and strontium catalysts are much lower than with the magnesium catalyst. Therefore, calcium and strontium complexes can be used as the catalyst for the reaction, which could allow mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.,Cooperative Innovation Center of Lipid Resources and Children's Daily Chemicals, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Meijun Wu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Haohua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Xing YY, Liu JB, Sun CZ, Huang F, Chen DZ. Mechanistic Exploration of Cp*CoIII/RhIII-Catalyzed Carboamination/Olefination of N-Phenoxyacetamides with Alkenes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10726-10735. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Xing
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Biao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - De-Zhan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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9
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Chen WH, Gao XJ, Gao X. Methanol-Assisted Phthalimide Ring Opening: Concerted or Stepwise Mechanism? J Phys Chem A 2018. [PMID: 29513535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The opening of the five-membered ring is the essential step for phthalimide and its derivatives to be used as the reactants in many chemical synthetic routes. Reportedly, such ring opening follows the concerted mechanism in methanol solvent, which, however, has an unreasonably high energy barrier (36.3 kcal mol-1 at the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory). By density functional theory calculations, we report that this ring opening prefers the alternatively stepwise mechanism. The stepwise mechanism has a much lower energy barrier (21.0 kcal mol-1 at the same level of theory) and thus is much more completive than the concerted one. The stepwise mechanism should be considered as the dominant mechanism responsible for the phthalimide ring opening when studying the kinetics of the relevant synthetic reactions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang 330022 , China
| | - Xuejiao J Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang 330022 , China
| | - Xingfa Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang 330022 , China
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Liu S, Qi X, Qu LB, Bai R, Lan Y. C–H bond cleavage occurring on a Rh(v) intermediate: a theoretical study of Rh-catalyzed arene azidation. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy02367g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Our theoretical calculations indicated that the oxidation of Rh(iii) to Rh(v) by PhI(OAc)OTs is a facile process. Subsequent electrophilic deprotonation was shown to occur from a Rh(v) intermediate rather than a Rh(iii) intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
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Vásquez-Céspedes S, Wang X, Glorius F. Plausible Rh(V) Intermediates in Catalytic C–H Activation Reactions. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhelen Vásquez-Céspedes
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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