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Yolsal U, Shaw PJ, Lowy PA, Chambenahalli R, Garden JA. Exploiting Multimetallic Cooperativity in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters and Ethers. ACS Catal 2024; 14:1050-1074. [PMID: 38269042 PMCID: PMC10804381 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The use of multimetallic complexes is a rapidly advancing route to enhance catalyst performance in the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and ethers. Multimetallic catalysts often outperform their monometallic analogues in terms of reactivity and/or polymerization control, and these improvements are typically attributed to "multimetallic cooperativity". Yet the origins of multimetallic cooperativity often remain unclear. This review explores the key factors underpinning multimetallic cooperativity, including metal-metal distances, the flexibility, electronics and conformation of the ligand framework, and the coordination environment of the metal centers. Emerging trends are discussed to provide insights into why cooperativity occurs and how to harness cooperativity for the development of highly efficient multimetallic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Yolsal
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Shaw
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe A. Lowy
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Raju Chambenahalli
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Garden
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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2
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Wu LJ, Lee W, Kumar Ganta P, Chang YL, Chang YC, Chen HY. Multinuclear metal catalysts in ring-opening polymerization of ε‑caprolactone and lactide: Cooperative and electronic effects between metal centers. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Chen MT, Huang TH, Yang FA, Chen BH. Structural tuning enhanced catalytic activity of amido aluminum complexes for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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4
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Chang CJ, Lee W, Liou YC, Chang YL, Lai YC, Ding S, Chen HY, Chen HY, Chang YC. Synergy Effect of Aluminum Complexes During the Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone: Inductive Effects Between Dinuclear Metal Catalysts. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Liu Z, Chen R, Wang ST, Liu YJ, Fang WH, Zhang J. Synthesis, Structures and Optical Limiting of Catecholato‐based Aluminum Oxo Clusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranqi Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - San-Tai Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ya-Jie Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry CHINA
| | - Wei-Hui Fang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry YangQiao Road 155 350002 Fuzhou CHINA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry CHINA
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6
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Garcia OJ, Vendier L, Etienne M, Gwaltney S, Ressler A, Muñoz-Hernández MÁ. Cyclooctadiene Rh(I) Bis- and Tris(pyrazolyl)aluminate Complexes and Their Catalytic Activity on the Polymerization of Phenylacetylene. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10757-10763. [PMID: 34227812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the transfer of alkyl bis- and tris(pyrazolyl)aluminates metalloligands to an electron-rich organotransition metal center. The 16-electron heterobimetallic complexes of rhodium [Rh(COD){Al(Ph2pz)2Me2}] (3) and [Rh(COD){Al(Ph2pz)3Me}] (4) were obtained by metathesis reaction of the sodium bis- (1) and tris(pyrazolyl)aluminate (2) with [RhCl(COD)]2. For 3, 1H and 13C NMR in solution along with DFT calculations are consistent with a κ2-coordination mode of the bis(pyrazolyl)aluminate to a square-planar Rh(I) center. The X-ray structure of 4 shows a similar κ2-coordination mode of the tris(pyrazolyl)aluminate to Rh(I) with a pendant pyrazolyl moiety. The attempted synthesis of aluminate-rhodium complexes with R = CF3, tBu on the pyrazolate ring afforded [Rh(R2pz)(COD)]2 and [R2pzAlMe2]2. Complexes 3 and 4 were investigated as homogeneous catalysts in the polymerization of phenylacetylene (PA). Both complexes showed enhanced catalytic activity compared to analogous rhodium poly(pyrazolyl)borates. Optimized gas-phase DFT geometries of 3, 4, [Rh(COD){B(Ph2pz)2Me2}], and [Rh(COD){B(Ph2pz)3Me}] were used to compare bite angles, while DFT geometries of 3-CO, 4-CO, [Rh(CO)2{B(Ph2pz)2Me2}], and [Rh(CO)2{B(Ph2pz)3Me}] were employed to probe the electronic situation of the rhodium center through IR CO stretching modes. The wider bite angles and the less electron-rich rhodium center of the poly(pyrazolyl)aluminates compared with their borate analogues could be implicated in the better performance of the active catalytic species during polymerization of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Laure Vendier
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Michel Etienne
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Steven Gwaltney
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Abigail Ressler
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Miguel-Ángel Muñoz-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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7
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Kosuru SR, Lai FJ, Chang YL, Li CY, Lai YC, Ding S, Wu KH, Chen HY, Lo YH. Collaboration between Trinuclear Aluminum Complexes Bearing Bipyrazoles in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10535-10549. [PMID: 34232620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Trinuclear aluminum complexes bearing bipyrazoles were synthesized, and their catalytic activity for ε-caprolactone (CL) polymerization was investigated. DBu2Al3Me5 exhibited higher catalytic activity than did the dinuclear aluminum complex LBu2Al2Me4 (16 times as high for CL polymerization; [CL]:[DBu2Al3Me5]:[BnOH] = 100:0.5:5, [DBu2Al3Me5] = 10 mM, conversion 93% after 18 min at room temperature). Density functional theory calculations revealed a polymerization mechanism in which CL first approached the central Al atom and then moved to an external Al. The coordinated CL ring was opened because the repulsion of two tert-butyl groups on the ligands pushed an alkoxide initiator on an external Al to initiate CL. In these trinuclear Al catalysts, the central Al plays a role in monomer capture and then collaborates with the external Al to activate CL, accelerating polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Someswara Rao Kosuru
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Feng-Jie Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lun Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yu Li
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chun Lai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Ding
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Hui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Han Lo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Minato City 108-8345, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Wang X, Wang X, Zhen N, Gu J, Zhang H, Dong B, Wang F, Liu H. Sodium complexes bearing cavity-like conformations: a highly active and well-controlled catalytic system for macrolactone homo- and copolymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01580f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sodium complexes displaying cavity-like conformations and, therefore, suppressed transesterification during the ring-opening polymerization of pentadecalactone are disclosed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- PR China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Nuo Zhen
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- PR China
| | - Jin Gu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing
- Jilin Agricultural University
- Changchun 130118
- PR China
| | - Bo Dong
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Heng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics
- Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics
- Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Qingdao
- China
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9
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Chang CJ, Chiu CF, Wu KH, Chang YL, Lai YC, Ding S, Chen HY. N-heterocyclic ligand optimization for aluminum complexes in ε-caprolactone and L-Lactide polymerization. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Lai F, Yu S, Chang Y, Wu T, Wu K, Chang Y, Ding S, Chen H, Lai C. Comparison study of
ε‐caprolactone
,
L‐lactide
, and
ε‐decalactone
polymerizations using aluminum complexes bearing pyrazole derivatives, and synthesis of
polylactide‐
gradual
‐poly‐ε‐caprolactone
copolymer. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Jie Lai
- Department of Dermatology Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan ROC
- Center for General Education Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology Tainan Taiwan ROC
| | - Shu‐Chun Yu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Yung‐Chi Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Tzu‐Yi Wu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Kuo‐Hui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Yu‐Lun Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Shangwu Ding
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
- Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat‐Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Hsuan‐Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
- Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat‐Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
- Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Chian‐Hui Lai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan ROC
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11
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Qin L, Cheng F, Eisen MS, Chen X. Unexpected substituent’s effects on catalytic activity in the ring-opening polymerization of ε-CL and δ-VL catalyzed by β-pyridyl-enamino Al complexes. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Yu X, Zhang C, Wang Z. Controlled Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactone using Aluminum and Zinc Complexes with Iminophosphorane Ligands. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yu
- School of Materials and Chemical EngineeringBengbu University Bengbu, Anhui 233030 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Engineering and TechnologyBeijing Normal University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai Guangdong 510000 P. R. China
| | - Zhongxia Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. of China
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13
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Oishi M, Ichinose Y, Iwata N, Nomura N. Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone Initiated by Multinuclear Aluminum Methanetris(aryloxido) Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Oishi
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuri Ichinose
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, E1-1(300), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naomi Iwata
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, E1-1(300), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Nomura
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, E1-1(300), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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14
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Kazarina OV, Gourlaouen C, Karmazin L, Morozov AG, Fedushkin IL, Dagorne S. Low valent Al(ii)–Al(ii) catalysts as highly active ε-caprolactone polymerization catalysts: indication of metal cooperativity through DFT studies. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13800-13808. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A dinuclear Al(ii)–Al(ii) species acts as a highly effective ROP catalyst of ε-caprolactone at room temperature, with a DFT computed ROP mechanism indicative of metal cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Kazarina
- Institut de Chimie (UMR CNRS 7177)
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | - Lydia Karmazin
- Service de Radiocristallographie
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg
- UMR 7177
- F-67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Alexander G. Morozov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- 603950 Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Igor L. Fedushkin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- 603950 Nizhny Novgorod
- Russian Federation
| | - Samuel Dagorne
- Institut de Chimie (UMR CNRS 7177)
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
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15
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Wang P, Chao J, Chen X. Living ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone catalyzed by β-quinolyl-enamino aluminium complexes: ligand electronic effects. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4118-4127. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04522k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Seven aluminium β-quinolyl-enaminates with varying substituents have been synthesized and applied to the ROP of ε-CL. A comparative study on catalytic activities and reaction kinetics was conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan, 030006
- China
| | - Jianbin Chao
- Scientific Instrument Center
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Xia Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan, 030006
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
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16
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Binuclear aluminum complexes supported by linked bis(β-diketiminate) ligands for ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Li H, Zhao N, Ren C, Liu S, Li Z. Synthesis of linear and star poly(ε-caprolactone) with controlled and high molecular weights via cyclic trimeric phosphazene base catalyzed ring-opening polymerization. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Linear and star PCLs with controlled and high molecular weights are efficiently prepared by a catalytic system of CTPB/alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaike Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials
- Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
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