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Acosta-Calle S, Miller AJM. Tunable and Switchable Catalysis Enabled by Cation-Controlled Gating with Crown Ether Ligands. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:971-981. [PMID: 36977400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusCatalysis has become an essential tool in science and technology, impacting the discovery of pharmaceuticals, the manufacture of commodity chemicals and plastics, the production of fuels, and much more. In most cases, a particular catalyst is optimized to mediate a particular reaction, continually producing a desired product at a given rate. There is enormous opportunity in developing catalysts that are dynamic, capable of responding to a change in the environment to alter structure and function. Controlled catalysis, in which the activity or selectivity of a catalytic reaction can be adjusted through an external stimulus, offers opportunities for innovation in catalysis. Catalyst discovery could be simplified if a single thoughtfully designed complex could work synergistically with additives to optimize performance rather than trying a multitude of different metal/ligand combinations. Temporal control could be gained to facilitate the execution of multiple reactions in the same flask, for example, by activating one catalyst and deactivating another to avoid incompatibilities. Selectivity switching could enable copolymer synthesis with well-defined chemical and material properties. These applications might sound futuristic for synthetic catalysts, but in nature, such a degree of controlled catalysis is commonplace. For example, allosteric interactions and/or feedback loops modulate enzymatic activity to enable complex small-molecule synthesis and sequence-defined polymerization reactions in complex mixtures containing many catalytic sites. In many cases, regulation is achieved by "gating" substrate access to the active site. Fundamental advances in catalyst design are needed to better understand the factors that enable controlled catalysis in the arena of synthetic chemistry, particularly in achieving substrate gating outside of macromolecular environments. In this Account, the development of design principles for achieving cation-controlled catalysis is described. The guiding hypothesis was that gating substrate access to a catalyst site could be achieved by controlling the dynamics of a hemilabile ligand through secondary Lewis acid/base and/or cation-dipole interactions. To enforce such interactions, catalysts sitting at the interface of organometallic catalysis and supramolecular chemistry were designed. A macrocyclic crown ether was incorporated into a robust organometallic pincer ligand, and these "pincer-crown ether" ligands have been explored in catalysis. Complementary studies of controlled catalysis and detailed mechanistic analysis guided the development of iridium, nickel, and palladium pincer-crown ether catalysts capable of substrate gating. Toggling the gate between open and closed states leads to switchable catalysis, where cation addition/removal changes the turnover frequency or the product selectivity. Varying the degree of gating leads to tunable catalysis, where the activity can be tuned based on the identity and amount of salt added. Research has focused on reactions of alkenes, particularly isomerization reactions, which has in turn led to design principles for cation-controlled catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Acosta-Calle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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2
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Gonell S, Assaf EA, Lloret-Fillol J, Miller AJM. An Iron Bis(carbene) Catalyst for Low Overpotential CO 2 Electroreduction to CO: Mechanistic Insights from Kinetic Zone Diagrams, Spectroscopy, and Theory. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gonell
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Eric A. Assaf
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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3
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Sumida A, Kobayashi R, Yumura T, Imoto H, Naka K. Dibenzoarsacrowns: an experimental and computational study on the coordination behaviors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2013-2016. [PMID: 33416057 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07191a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzoarsacrowns have been synthesized as a novel class of heteroatom-fused crown ethers. The dibenzoarsacrowns can size-selectively capture alkali metal cations, and the arsenic atoms chemoselectively coordinated to gold(i) chloride (AuCl) due to the soft Lewis acid-base interaction. It is notable that the AuCl complex of 21-dibenzoarsacrown-7 further encapsulated Na+ with the enhanced association constant from bare 21-dibenzoarsacrown-7. The positive allosteric effect was studied computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Sumida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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4
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Dodge HM, Kita MR, Chen CH, Miller AJM. Identifying and Evading Olefin Isomerization Catalyst Deactivation Pathways Resulting from Ion-Tunable Hemilability. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Dodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew R. Kita
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Yoo C, Dodge HM, Farquhar AH, Gardner KE, Miller AJM. Decarbonylative ether dissection by iridium pincer complexes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12130-12138. [PMID: 34123222 PMCID: PMC8162749 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique chain-rupturing transformation that converts an ether functionality into two hydrocarbyl units and carbon monoxide is reported, mediated by iridium(i) complexes supported by aminophenylphosphinite (NCOP) pincer ligands. The decarbonylation, which involves the cleavage of one C-C bond, one C-O bond, and two C-H bonds, along with formation of two new C-H bonds, was serendipitously discovered upon dehydrochlorination of an iridium(iii) complex containing an aza-18-crown-6 ether macrocycle. Intramolecular cleavage of macrocyclic and acyclic ethers was also found in analogous complexes featuring aza-15-crown-5 ether or bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino groups. Intermolecular decarbonylation of cyclic and linear ethers was observed when diethylaminophenylphosphinite iridium(i) dinitrogen or norbornene complexes were employed. Mechanistic studies reveal the nature of key intermediates along a pathway involving initial iridium(i)-mediated double C-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changho Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Henry M Dodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Alexandra H Farquhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Kristen E Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
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6
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Wang D, Jahan F, Meise KJ, Lindeman SV, Gardinier JR. Silver(I) and Copper(I) Complexes of Semi‐Bulky Nitrogen‐Confused
C
‐Scorpionates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denan Wang
- Department of Chemistry Marquette University 1414 W. Clybourne St 53233 Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Fathiya Jahan
- Department of Chemistry Marquette University 1414 W. Clybourne St 53233 Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Kristen J. Meise
- Department of Chemistry Marquette University 1414 W. Clybourne St 53233 Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Sergey V. Lindeman
- Department of Chemistry Marquette University 1414 W. Clybourne St 53233 Milwaukee WI USA
| | - James R. Gardinier
- Department of Chemistry Marquette University 1414 W. Clybourne St 53233 Milwaukee WI USA
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7
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Gonell S, Assaf EA, Duffee KD, Schauer CK, Miller AJM. Kinetics of the Trans Effect in Ruthenium Complexes Provide Insight into the Factors That Control Activity and Stability in CO 2 Electroreduction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8980-8999. [PMID: 32302129 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Comparative kinetic studies of a series of new ruthenium complexes provide a platform for understanding how strong trans effect ligands and redox-active ligands work together to enable rapid electrochemical CO2 reduction at moderate overpotential. After synthesizing isomeric pairs of ruthenium complexes featuring 2'-picolinyl-methyl-benzimidazol-2-ylidene (Mebim-pic) as a strong trans effect ligand and 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (tpy) as a redox-active ligand, chemical and electrochemical kinetic studies examined how complex geometry and charge affect the individual steps and overall catalysis of CO2 reduction. The relative trans effect of picoline vs the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) was quantified through a kinetic analysis of reductively triggered chloride dissociation, revealing that chloride loss is 1000 times faster in the isomer with the NHC trans to chloride. The kinetics of CO dissociation from a site trans to the NHC were examined in a systematic study of isostructural carbonyl complexes across four different overall charges. The rate constants for CO loss span 12 orders of magnitude and are fastest upon two-electron reduction, leading to a hypothesis that redox-active ligands play a key role in promoting reductive CO dissociation during catalysis. Analogous studies of complexes featuring the picoline ligand trans to the carbonyl reveal the importance of the trans effect of the CO ligand itself, with picoline ligand dissociation observed upon reduction. The complexes with NHC trans to the active site proved to be active electrocatalysts capable of selective CO2 electroreduction to CO. In acidic solutions under a N2 atmosphere, on the other hand, H2 evolution proceeds via an intermediate that positions a hydride ligand trans to picoline. The mechanistic insight and quantitative kinetic parameters that arise from these studies help establish general principles for molecular electrocatalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gonell
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Eric A Assaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Kyle D Duffee
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Cynthia K Schauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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8
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Nindakova LO, Badyrova NM. Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone using bis-imine rhodium complexes: Kinetic study and modeling. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Zahora BA, Gau MR, Goldberg KI. Synthesis and Reactivity of PtII Methyl Complexes Supported by Pyrazolate Pincer Ligands. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Braden A. Zahora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Michael R. Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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10
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Leforestier B, Gyton MR, Chaplin AB. Synthesis and group 9 complexes of macrocyclic PCP and POCOP pincer ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2087-2101. [PMID: 32031194 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of macrocyclic variants of commonly employed phosphine-based pincer (pro)ligands derived from meta-xylene (PCP-14) and resorcinol (POCOP-14) is described, where the P-donors are trans-substituted with a tetradecamethylene linker. The former was accomplished using a seven-step asymmetric procedure involving (-)-cis-1-amino-2-indanol as a chiral auxiliary and ring-closing olefin metathesis. A related, but non-diastereoselective route was employed for the latter, which consequently necessitated chromatographic separation from the cis-substituted by-product. The proligands are readily metalated and homologous series of MI(CO) and MIIICl2(CO) derivatives (M = Rh, Ir) have been isolated and fully characterised in solution and the solid state. Metal hydride complexes are generated during the synthesis of the former and have been characterised in situ using NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Leforestier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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11
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Cooperative Reactivity by Pincer-Type Complexes Possessing Secondary Coordination Sphere. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Recent advances in the chemistry of group 9—Pincer organometallics. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Chen Z, Yang M, Sun Z, Zhang X, Xu J, Bian G, Song L. Chiral Discrimination by a Binuclear Pd Complex Sensor Using 31P{ 1H} NMR. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14591-14596. [PMID: 31657901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An axially chiral binuclear μ-hydroxo Pd complex (BPHP) first served as an excellent chiral sensor for discriminating a variety of analytes including amino alcohol, amino amide, amino acid, mandelic acid, diol, diamine, and monoamine by 31P{1H} NMR. A detailed recognition mechanism was proposed based on the single crystal and mass spectrum of Pd-complexes. In general, BPHP sensor, through extracting the acidic hydrogen of an analyte by its Pd-OH group, forms stable diastereomeric complexes with two enantiomers of the analyte giving well distinguishable split 31P{1H} NMR signals for chiral discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 , Beijing , China
| | - Mingxue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 , Beijing , China
| | - Zhaofeng Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 , Beijing , China
| | - Xuebo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China.,College of Material Science and Engineering , Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350007 , China
| | - Jing Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China.,College of Material Science and Engineering , Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350007 , China
| | - Guangling Bian
- The Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 , Beijing , China
| | - Ling Song
- The Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 , Beijing , China
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14
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Smith JB, Camp AM, Farquhar AH, Kerr SH, Chen CH, Miller AJM. Organometallic Elaboration as a Strategy for Tuning the Supramolecular Characteristics of Aza-Crown Ethers. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Andrew M. Camp
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexandra H. Farquhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Stewart H. Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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15
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Lindley BM, Walden AG, Brasacchio AM, Casuras A, Lease N, Chen CH, Goldman AS, Miller AJM. Electrochemical C-H bond activation via cationic iridium hydride pincer complexes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9326-9330. [PMID: 32110295 PMCID: PMC7017868 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A C-H bond activation strategy based on electrochemical activation of a metal hydride is introduced. Electrochemical oxidation of ( tBu4 PCP)IrH4 ( tBu4 PCP is [1,3-( t Bu2PCH2)-C6H3]-) in the presence of pyridine derivatives generates cationic Ir hydride complexes of the type [( tBu4 PCP)IrH(L)]+ (where L = pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, or 2-phenylpyridine). Facile deprotonation of [( tBu4 PCP)IrH(2,6-lutidine)]+ with the phosphazene base tert-butylimino-tris(pyrrolidino)phosphorane, t BuP1(pyrr), results in selective C-H activation of 1,2-difluorobenzene (1,2-DFB) solvent to generate ( tBu4 PCP)Ir(H)(2,3-C6F2H3). The overall electrochemical C-H activation reaction proceeds at room temperature without need for chemical activation by a sacrificial alkene hydrogen acceptor. This rare example of undirected electrochemical C-H activation holds promise for the development of future catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Lindley
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
| | - Andrew G Walden
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
- Oglethorpe University , Atlanta , Georgia 30319 , USA
| | - Ann Marie Brasacchio
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
- High Point University , High Point , NC 27262 , USA
| | - Andrea Casuras
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , USA
| | - Nicholas Lease
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , USA
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
| | - Alan S Goldman
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 , USA
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
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Jackson BJ, Najera DC, Matson EM, Woods TJ, Bertke JA, Fout AR. Synthesis and Characterization of (DIPPCCC)Fe Complexes: A Zwitterionic Metalation Method and CO2 Reactivity. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bailey J. Jackson
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Daniel C. Najera
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ellen M. Matson
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Toby J. Woods
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alison R. Fout
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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17
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Jackman KMK, Bridge BJ, Sauvé ER, Rowley CN, Zheng CHM, Stubbs JM, Boyle PD, Blacquiere JM. C(sp 3)–C(sp 3) Coupling with a Pd(II) Complex Bearing a Structurally Responsive Ligand. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. K. Jackman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Benjamin J. Bridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Ethan R. Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Christopher N. Rowley
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada A1B 3X7
| | - Cameron H. M. Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - James M. Stubbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Paul D. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada N6A 5B7
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18
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Gonell S, Massey MD, Moseley IP, Schauer CK, Muckerman JT, Miller AJM. The Trans Effect in Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction: Mechanistic Studies of Asymmetric Ruthenium Pyridyl-Carbene Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6658-6671. [PMID: 30973225 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive mechanistic study of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction by ruthenium 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (tpy) pyridyl-carbene catalysts reveals the importance of stereochemical control to locate the strongly donating N-heterocyclic carbene ligand trans to the site of CO2 activation. Computational studies were undertaken to predict the most stable isomer for a range of reasonable intermediates in CO2 reduction, suggesting that the ligand trans to the reaction site plays a key role in dictating the energetic profile of the catalytic reaction. A new isomer of [Ru(tpy)(Mebim-py)(NCCH3)]2+ (Mebim-py is 1-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene-3-(2'-pyridine)) and both isomers of the catalytic intermediate [Ru(tpy)(Mebim-py)(CO)]2+ were synthesized and characterized. Experimental studies demonstrate that both isomeric precatalysts facilitate electroreduction of CO2 to CO in 95/5 MeCN/H2O with high activity and high selectivity. Cyclic voltammetry, infrared spectroelectrochemistry, and NMR spectroscopy studies provide a detailed mechanistic picture demonstrating an essential isomerization step in which the N-trans catalyst converts in situ to the C-trans variant. Insight into molecular electrocatalyst design principles emerge from this study. First, the use of an asymmetric ligand that places a strongly electron-donating ligand trans to the site of CO2 binding and activation is critical to high activity. Second, stereochemical control to maintain the desired isomer structure during catalysis is critical to performance. Finally, pairing the strongly donating pyridyl-carbene ligand with the redox-active tpy ligand proves to be useful in boosting activity without sacrificing overpotential. These design principles are considered in the context of surface-immobilized electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gonell
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Marsha D Massey
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Ian P Moseley
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Cynthia K Schauer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - James T Muckerman
- Chemistry Division , Brookhaven National Laboratory , P.O. Box 5000, Upton , New York 11973-5000 , United States
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
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Yoo C, Dodge HM, Miller AJM. Cation-controlled catalysis with crown ether-containing transition metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5047-5059. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00803a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article reviews the structural motifs and catalytic applications of crown ether-containing catalysts and details the development of “pincer-crown ether” ligands for applications in controlled catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changho Yoo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Henry M. Dodge
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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20
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Cook BJ, Pink M, Chen C, Caulton KG. Electrophile Recruitment as a Structural Element in Bis‐Pyrazolate Pyridine Complex Aggregation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Cook
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University‐Bloomington 800 E Kirkwood Avenue 47405 Bloomington IN USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University‐Bloomington 800 E Kirkwood Avenue 47405 Bloomington IN USA
- Indiana University Molecular Structure Center Indiana University‐Bloomington 800 E Kirkwood Avenue 47405 Bloomington IN USA
| | - Chun‐Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University‐Bloomington 800 E Kirkwood Avenue 47405 Bloomington IN USA
- Indiana University Molecular Structure Center Indiana University‐Bloomington 800 E Kirkwood Avenue 47405 Bloomington IN USA
| | - Kenneth G. Caulton
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University‐Bloomington 800 E Kirkwood Avenue 47405 Bloomington IN USA
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21
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Cook BJ, Polezhaev AV, Chen CH, Pink M, Caulton KG. A multimetal-ligand cooperative approach to CO2 activation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Chantarojsiri T, Reath AH, Yang JY. Cationic Charges Leading to an Inverse Free‐Energy Relationship for N−N Bond Formation by Mn
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Nitrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14037-14042. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teera Chantarojsiri
- Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Jenny Y. Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA
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Chantarojsiri T, Reath AH, Yang JY. Cationic Charges Leading to an Inverse Free‐Energy Relationship for N−N Bond Formation by Mn
VI
Nitrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teera Chantarojsiri
- Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Jenny Y. Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA
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24
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Gardinier JR, Meise KJ, Jahan F, Lindeman SV. Reaction Chemistry of Silver(I) Trifluoromethanesulfonate Complexes of Nitrogen-Confused C-Scorpionates. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1572-1589. [PMID: 29359926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two new C-scorpionate ligands with a bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl group bound to the 3 position of either an N-tosyl (TsL*) or an N-H pyrazole (HL*) ring have been prepared. The silver(I) complexes of these new ligands and the two previously reported analogous ligands with unsubstituted bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methyl groups (TsL and HL) in both 1:1 and 2:1 ligand/metal ratios were investigated to explore the effects of ligand sterics on their physical and chemical properties. The structurally characterized derivatives of the type [Ag(L)2](OTf) are four-coordinate, where the confused pyrazolyl is not bound to the metal. On the other hand, three 1:1 complexes [Ag(L)](OTf) had all pyrazolyls bound, while the μ-κ1,κ1-TsL derivative had an unbound confused pyrazolyl. The molecularity of the latter four ranged from polymeric to dimeric to monomeric in the solid with increasing steric bulk of the ligand. The utility of these complexes in stoichiometric ligand-transfer reactions and in styrene aziridination was demonstrated. Thus, tricarbonylmanganese(I) complexes were prepared as kinetically inert models for comparative solution diffusion NMR studies. Also, [Fe(HL)2](OTf)2 was prepared for similar reasons and to compare the effects of anion on spin-crossover properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Gardinier
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Kristin J Meise
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Fathiya Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Sergey V Lindeman
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
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Miller AJM. Controlling ligand binding for tunable and switchable catalysis: cation-modulated hemilability in pincer-crown ether ligands. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:11987-12000. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of cation-responsive “pincer-crown ether” complexes featuring tunable hemilability is reviewed in the context of switchable and tunable catalysis.
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