From Metal–Organic Framework to Porous Carbon Polyhedron: Toward Highly Reversible Lithium Storage

Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives-Based Nanostructure with Different Dimensionalities for Supercapacitors

With the urgent demand for the achievement of carbon neutrality, novel nanomaterials, and environmentally friendly nanotechnologies are constantly being explored and continue to drive the sustainable development of energy storage and conversion installations. Among various candidate materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives with unique nanostructures have attracted increasing attention and intensive investigation for the construction of next generation electrode materials, benefitting from their unique intrinsic characteristics such as large specific surface area, high porosity, and chemical tunability as well as the interconnected channels. Nevertheless, the poor electrochemical conductivity severely limits their application prospects, hence a variety of nanocomposites with multifarious structures have been designed and proposed from different dimensionalities. In this review, recent advances based on MOFs and their derivatives in different dimensionalities ranging from 1D nanopowders to 2D nanofilms and 3D aerogels, as well as 4D self-supporting electrodes for supercapacitors are summarized and highlighted. Furthermore, the key challenges and perspectives of MOFs and their derivatives-based materials for the practical and sustainable electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications are also briefly discussed, which may be served as a guideline for the design of next-generation electrode materials from different dimensionalities.

Metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives as electrode materials for Li-ion batteries: a mini review

In recent decades, in order to obtain more excellent performance and wider application of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), researchers have been exploring potential electrode materials. MOFs possess attractive features, such...

Hierarchically activated porous carbon derived from zinc-based fluorine containing metal-organic framework as extremely high specific capacitance and rate performance electrode material for advanced supercapacitors

In this work, a hierarchically activated porous carbon (APC) was synthesized using fluorine-containing metal-organic framework via facile combined carbonization and KOH activation treatments. The influences of activation conditions on the surface structures and electrochemical performance of APC were systematically studied. Afterwards, the electrochemical responses of APC electrode were further assessed from the cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge examinations by 6 M KOH electrolyte. The as-obtained APC electrode delivered the high specific capacitances of 540.8 and 280 F g^-1 at 1 and 500 A g^-1, correspondingly with superior capacitance retention of 94% after 250,000 cycles even at 100 A g^-1, which is showing that its outstanding capacitance, remarkable rate capacity, and very-long cyclic life. Furthermore, the as-assembled APC-based symmetrical supercapacitor offers a superb energy density of 19 Wh kg^-1 at 182 W kg^-1, indicating its large-scale application. Thus, this work proposes a potential route to synthesize highly efficient porous carbon material for the future development of energy storage systems.

Insights into Enhanced Capacitive Behavior of Carbon Cathode for Lithium Ion Capacitors: The Coupling of Pore Size and Graphitization Engineering

The lack of methods to modulate intrinsic textures of carbon cathode has seriously hindered the revelation of in-depth relationship between inherent natures and capacitive behaviors, limiting the advancement of lithium ion capacitors (LICs). Here, an orientated-designed pore size distribution (range from 0.5 to 200 nm) and graphitization engineering strategy of carbon materials through regulating molar ratios of Zn/Co ions has been proposed, which provides an effective platform to deeply evaluate the capacitive behaviors of carbon cathode. Significantly, after the systematical analysis cooperating with experimental result and density functional theory calculation, it is uncovered that the size of solvated PF6- ion is about 1.5 nm. Moreover, the capacitive behaviors of carbon cathode could be enhanced attributed to the controlled pore size of 1.5-3 nm. Triggered with synergistic effect of graphitization and appropriate pore size distribution, optimized carbon cathode (Zn90Co10-APC) displays excellent capacitive performances with a reversible specific capacity of ~ 50 mAh g-1 at a current density of 5 A g-1. Furthermore, the assembly pre-lithiated graphite (PLG)//Zn90Co10-APC LIC could deliver a large energy density of 108 Wh kg-1 and a high power density of 150,000 W kg-1 as well as excellent long-term ability with 10,000 cycles. This elaborate work might shed light on the intensive understanding of the improved capacitive behavior in LiPF6 electrolyte and provide a feasible principle for elaborate fabrication of carbon cathodes for LIC systems.

From metal-organic frameworks to porous carbon materials: recent progress and prospects from energy and environmental perspectives

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials in the areas of gas storage, magnetism, luminescence, and catalysis owing to their superior property of having highly crystalline structures. However, MOF stability toward heat or humidity is considerably less as compared to carbons because they are constructed from the assembly of ligands with metal ions or clusters via coordination bonds. Transforming MOFs into carbons is bringing the novel potential for MOFs to achieve industrialization, and carbons with controlled pore sizes and surface doping are one of the most important porous materials. By selecting MOFs as a precursor or template, carbons with heteroatom doping and well-developed pores can be achieved. In this review, we discussed the state-of-art study progress made in the new development of MOF-derived metal-free porous carbons. In particular, the potential use of metal-free carbons from environmental and energy perspectives, such as adsorption, supercapacitors, and catalysts, were analyzed in detail. Moreover, an outlook for the sustainable development of MOF-derived porous carbons in the future was also presented.

Crystal structure of methyl 10-(pyridin-4-yl)-anthracene-9-carboxylate, C21H15NO2

C21H15NO2, orthorhombic, Aba2 (no. 41), a = 22.149(2) Å, b = 13.2899(12) Å, c = 10.6679(10) Å, V = 3140.2(5) Å3, Z = 8, R gt(F) = 0.0418, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0953, T = 296(2) K.