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Consiglio G, Gorczyński A, Spoto G, Petralia S, Forte G. Optimizing photovoltaic performance of squaraine derivative dyes: a DFT study on different anchoring groups. RSC Adv 2024; 14:24185-24195. [PMID: 39101065 PMCID: PMC11294986 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05322b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed squaraine-based dyes with a 2-amino pyrrole donor unit and acene groups like anthracene and pentacene. These dyes incorporate three different electron-withdrawing groups - cyanoacrylate (A1), phosphonate (A2) and boronic acid (A3) - as linkers to the TiO2 semiconductor. The spectroscopic, electronic and photochemical properties of these compounds were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) simulations. Compared to the squarylium dye, SQD, the UV-vis data indicate excellent absorption especially for pentacene-based dyes, which extended beyond 920 nm, enhancing the panchromatic effect. The calculated excited-state lifetimes of these dyes were notably longer than SQD, particularly for those containing pentacene and either A1 or A2 withdrawing groups, with lifetimes approximately four times longer. In contrast, boronic acid derivatives had shorter excited-state lifetimes, hindering charge transfer. Simulations suggest all sensitizers can inject electrons into TiO2 and be efficiently regenerated by electron transfer from the electrolyte. The best results were achieved with pentacene and A1 or A2 as linkers, notably A1 dyes achieve superior short circuit photocurrent, J sc, and power conversion efficiency, PCE, with over 50% improvement compared to SQD. Phosphonate derivatives exhibited the highest energy adsorption on TiO2 while still achieving significant open-circuit voltage, V oc, J sc, and PCE values. After surface adsorption, all dyes displayed efficient electron recovery, with HOMO levels significantly dropping below -4.8 eV. Our study demonstrates that computational design can significantly enhance experimental work, offering valuable insights to improve dye design and boost the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Consiglio
- Department of Chemical Science University of Catania Via S. Sofia 64 95125 Italy
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Guido Spoto
- InfoBiotech S.r.l Via del Bersagliere, 45 90143 Palermo Italy
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department of Drug Science and Health University of Catania Via S. Sofia 64 95125 Italy
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Drug Science and Health University of Catania Via S. Sofia 64 95125 Italy
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2
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Consiglio G, Gorcyński A, Petralia S, Forte G. Predicting the dye-sensitized solar cell performance of novel linear carbon chain-based dyes: insights from DFT simulations. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15995-16004. [PMID: 37847522 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01856c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we employ density functional theory (DFT) simulations to predict the energy conversion efficiency of a novel class of organic dyes based on linear carbon chain (LCC) linkers for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We investigate the role of the anchoring group, which serves as a bridge connecting the linker and the surface. Specifically, we compare the performance of cyanoacrylic acid, dyes PY-4N and PY-3N, with that of phosphonate derivatives, dyes PY-4NP and PY-3NP, wherein the carboxylic group of the cyanoacrylic moiety is replaced with phosphonic acid. The observed variations in the UV/VIS absorption spectra have a slight impact on the light harvesting efficiency (LHE). Based on the empirical parameters we have taken into account, the electron injection efficiency (Φinj) and electron collection efficiency (ηcoll) values do not impact the short-circuit current density (JSC) values of all the studied dyes. The open-circuit voltage (Voc) is theoretically predicted using the improved normal model (INM) method. Among the dyes, PY-4N and PY-3N demonstrate the highest Voc values. This can be attributed to a more favorable recombination rate value, which is related to the energy gap between the HOMO level of the dyes and the conduction band minimum (CBM) of the surface. Dyes PY-4N and PY-3N are predicted to demonstrate remarkably high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) values of approximately 21.79% and 16.52%, respectively, and therefore, they are expected to be potential candidates as organic dyes for applications in DSSCs. It is worth noting that PY-4NP and PY-3NP exhibit strong adsorption energy on the surface and interesting PCE values of 11.66% and 8.29%, respectively. This opens up possibilities for their application in DSSCs either as standalone sensitizers or as co-sensitizers alongside metal-free organic dyes or organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Consiglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125, Italy
| | - Adam Gorcyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125, Italy.
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3
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Lewis Acidic Zinc(II) Complexes of Tetradentate Ligands as Building Blocks for Responsive Assembled Supramolecular Structures. CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents representative examples illustrating how the Lewis acidic character of the Zn(II) metal center in Zn(salen)-type complexes, as well as in complexes of other tetradentate ligands, and the nature of the medium govern their supramolecular aggregation, leading to the formation of a variety of supramolecular structures, either in solution or in the solid state. Stabilization of these Lewis acidic complexes is almost always reached through an axial coordination of a Lewis base, leading to a penta-coordinated square-pyramidal geometry around the metal center. The coverage is not exhaustive, mainly focused on their crystallographic structures, but also on their aggregation and sensing properties in solution, and on their self-assembled and responsive nanostructures, summarizing their salient aspects. The axial ligands can easily be displaced, either in solution or in the solid state, with suitable Lewis bases, thus being responsive supramolecular structures useful for sensing. This contribution represents the first attempt to relate some common features of the chemistry of different families of Zn(II) complexes of tetradentate ligands to their intrinsic Lewis acidic character.
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Consiglio G, Gorcyński A, Petralia S, Forte G. Computational study of linear carbon chain based organic dyes for dye sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1019-1030. [PMID: 36686920 PMCID: PMC9811357 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06767f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic, electronic and electron injection properties of a new class of linear carbon chain (LCC) based organic dyes have been investigated, by means of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The photophysical properties of LCC-based dyes are tuned by changing the length of the linear carbon chain; UV/VIS absorption is red-shifted with increasing LCC length whereas oscillator strength and electron injection properties are reduced. Excellent nonlinear optical properties are predicted in particular for PY-N4 and PY-S4 dyes in the planar conformation. Results indicate that a LCC-bridge produces better results compared to benzene and thiophene bridges. Simulations of I--Dye@(TiO2)14 and Dye@(TiO2)14 anatase complexes indicate that designed dyes inject electrons efficiently into the TiO2 surface and can be regenerated by electron transfer from the electrolyte. Superior properties in terms of efficiency are shown by compounds with a pyrrole ring as the donor group and PY-3N is expected to be a promising candidate for applications, however all the investigated dyes could provide a good performance in solar energy conversion. Our study demonstrates that computational design can provide a significant contribution to experimental work; we expect this study will contribute to future developments to identify new and highly efficient sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Consiglio
- Department of Chemical Science University of Catania Via S. Sofia 64 95125 Italy
| | - Adam Gorcyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department of Drug Science and Health University of Catania Via S. Sofia 64 95125 Italy
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Drug Science and Health University of Catania Via S. Sofia 64 95125 Italy
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5
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Kurahashi T. Variation of the Emission Efficiency and Wavelength from Fluorescent Zinc Salen Complexes upon Systematic Structural Modifications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30642-30654. [PMID: 36061697 PMCID: PMC9435038 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the photophysical properties of metal salen complexes is not straightforward because the emission efficiency is altered irregularly upon structural modifications. The present study prepared zinc salen complexes with systematic structural variations to pinpoint critical factors to determine the emission efficiency. One of the important experimental observations is the regiochemistry of a phenolate substituent affecting emission efficiency from a salicylidene fluorophore, which is nicely assigned as arising from the photoexcited electronic structure of metal salen complexes. Another significant finding is the thermal fluctuation of a salen ligand arising from the mismatched ligand-metal interaction, which has a significant impact on fluorescence lifetime. The present study sheds light on hidden factors that alter photophysical properties of a metal salen complex, which provide valuable insights into designing new photoactive salen ligands.
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Oliveri IP, Consiglio G, Munzi G, Failla S, Di Bella S. Deaggregation properties and transmetalation studies of a zinc(II) salen-type Schiff-base complex. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11859-11867. [PMID: 35876090 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01448c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis and the deaggregation properties of a Lewis acidic Zn(II) salen-type Schiff-base complex derivative from diaminomaleonitrile and a systematic detailed study of its transmetalation with other metal ions in solution. In a solution of non-coordinating solvents, the complex is in a dimeric form, while in coordinating solvents or upon addition of a Lewis base it is stabilized as monomeric adducts. Experiments done in two solvents with different Lewis basicities indicate a major role of the stability of the starting adduct in transmetalation. Thus, using nitrate or perchlorate salts, acetonitrile solutions of the complex give an immediate and complete transmetalation with Cu2+, while with Co2+ and Ni2+ a much slower transmetalation rate is observed. Instead, using chloride salts a fast and complete transmetalation is observed for divalent ions of the first transition series (Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+), indicating the role of the chloride in stabilizing the transition state of the transmetalation. On the other hand, DMF solutions of the complex are less prone to transmetalation, according with the greater basicity of the solvent and, hence, the greater stability of the related adducts with the complex. Therefore, the nature of the solvent and the counteranion allow controlling the transmetalation process of this Zn(II) Schiff-base complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pietro Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Consiglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Munzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Failla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Santo Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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Malik P, Jain I. Synthesis and characterization of a double helical dinuclear Zn–salen complex and its application in the detection of nitroaromatics. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of double helical dinuclear Zn–salen complex for the detection of nitroaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106, India
| | - Isha Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106, India
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8
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Di Bella S. Lewis acidic zinc(II) salen-type Schiff-base complexes: sensing properties and responsive nanostructures. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6050-6063. [PMID: 33876173 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00949d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this frontier article some peculiar characteristics of Zn(salen)-type Schiff-base complexes are reviewed. The paper is mainly focused on the most recent and relevant achievements on responsive supramolecular nanostructures and sensing properties, both of them related to the Lewis acidic character of the ZnII centre in these molecular species, providing an interpretation of these features. The sensing properties of Zn(salen)-type complexes mainly originate from optical spectroscopic changes associated with the formation of the adducts upon addition of a Lewis base (analyte), either by deaggregation of dimeric species or displacement of the solvent coordinated to the metal centre. In both cases the direct sensing is related either to the Lewis acidic character of the complex as well as to the Lewis basicity of the analyte. The formation of responsive nanostructures with fluorescent, and/or vapochromic, mechanochromic, and thermochromic characteristics is driven by non-mutual intermolecular ZnO interactions, further stabilized by π-π stacking interactions and/or interdigitation of the alkyl side groups. The Lewis acidic character is not a prerogative of Zn(salen)-type complexes of tetradentate Schiff-bases. Many other classes of ZnII complexes can possess this property. A correct interpretation of their chemistry is certainly useful for further development of these classical coordination compounds as new molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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9
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Consiglio G, Oliveri IP, Cacciola S, Maccarrone G, Failla S, Di Bella S. Dinuclear zinc(ii) salen-type Schiff-base complexes as molecular tweezers. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5121-5133. [PMID: 32219249 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00494d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, the synthesis and the unusual aggregation/deaggregation properties in solution of two dinuclear ZnII Schiff-base complexes of tetradentate Schiff-base units, having non-conjugated spacers between each molecular unit, are reported in comparison to the mononuclear model complex. Through detailed 1H NMR, DOSY NMR, optical absorption, fluorescence emission, and multivariate analysis of optical absorption data, emerge some interesting findings. In solution of non-coordinating solvents, these Lewis acidic species are characterized as monomers stabilized by formation of intramolecular aggregates, having distinct spectroscopic properties in comparison to intermolecular aggregates derived from the mononuclear model analogue. Instead, in coordinating solvents they exhibit a typical behaviour, with formation of stable adducts showing a strong fluorescence. Deaggregation studies using pyridine as reference Lewis base allowed establishing a larger thermodynamic stability of these intramolecular aggregates, in comparison to intermolecular aggregates, even larger than that of aggregates of conjugated multinuclear complexes. The combined analysis of spectroscopic data upon deaggregation with ditopic Lewis bases unambiguously demonstrated the formation of stable 1 : 1 adducts, with higher binding constants in comparison to those related to monotopic species. Therefore, the present Lewis acidic, dinuclear complexes behave as molecular tweezers of ditopic guests having a strong Lewis basicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Consiglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Ivan Pietro Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Maccarrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Failla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Santo Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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10
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Yadav P, Jakubaszek M, Spingler B, Goud B, Gasser G, Zelder F. Fe III -Salen-Based Probes for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of E450 in Foodstuff. Chemistry 2020; 26:5717-5723. [PMID: 31991020 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is considered as a diagnostic marker for various diseases such as cancer and vascular calcification. PPi also plays an important preservative role as an additive E450 in foodstuff. In this work, a selective FeIII -salen-based probe for PPi is described; this probe disassembles in the presence of the target analyte into its molecular blocks, 1,2-propanediamine and 3-chloro-5-formyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid. The latter signaling unit leads to a fluorometric response. Compared with a related prototype, the new complex shows a 2.3-times stronger emission at 500 nm and a 155-times better selectivity of PPi over adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Importantly, the new probe was successfully applied for detecting E450 in foodstuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Jakubaszek
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 11, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UMR 144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UMR 144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 11, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Felix Zelder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Consiglio G, Oliveri IP, Failla S, Di Bella S. On the Aggregation and Sensing Properties of Zinc(II) Schiff-Base Complexes of Salen-Type Ligands. Molecules 2019; 24:E2514. [PMID: 31324053 PMCID: PMC6651702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc(II) ion forms stable complexes with a wide variety of ligands, but those related to Schiff-bases are among the most largely investigated. This review deals with the peculiar aggregation characteristics of Zn(II) Schiff-base complexes from tetradentate N2O2 salen-type ligands, L, derivatives from salicylaldehydes and 1,2-diamines, and is mostly focused on their spectroscopic properties in solution. Thanks to their Lewis acidic character, ZnL complexes show interesting structural, nanostructural, and aggregation/deaggregation properties in relation to the absence/presence of a Lewis base. Deaggregation of these complexes is accompanied by relevant changes of their spectroscopic properties that can appropriately be exploited for sensing Lewis bases. Thus, ZnL complexes have been investigated as chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensors of charged and neutral Lewis bases, including cell imaging, and have shown to be selective and sensitive to the Lewis basicity of the involved species. From these studies emerges that these popular, Lewis acidic bis(salicylaldiminato)Zn(II) Schiff-base complexes represent classical coordination compounds for modern applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Consiglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ivan Pietro Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Failla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Santo Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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12
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Shi XM, Li SJ, Xiao LN, Cai B, Peng P. The crystal structure of ( E)-4-(1-(2-aminophenylimino)ethyl)benzene-1,3-diol, C 14H 14N 2O 2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2018-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C14H14N2O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.5030(9) Å, b = 7.6199(8) Å, c = 18.738(2) Å, β = 92.852(2)°, V = 1212.6(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0413, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1247, T = 296.15 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University , Zhoukou Henan 466001 , P.R. China
| | - Shu-Jing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University , Zhoukou Henan 466001 , P.R. China
| | - Li-Na Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University , Zhoukou Henan 466001 , P.R. China
| | - Bin Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University , Zhoukou Henan 466001 , P.R. China
| | - Peng Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University , Zhoukou Henan 466001 , P.R. China
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14
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Supramolecular Aggregation of a New Substituted Bis(salicylaldiminato)zinc(II) Schiff-Base Complex Derived from trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane. INORGANICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this contribution is reported the synthesis, characterization, and aggregation properties in solution of a novel Zn(II) complex, (R)-2, derived from the enantiopure chiral trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and a substituted salicylaldehyde. Detailed 1H NMR, DOSY NMR, optical absorption, and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies and chemical evidence allowed to investigate the nature of aggregate species in solution. The high solubility of (R)-2 in solution of the non-coordinating chloroform solvent leads to formation of various aggregates, some of them consisting of large oligomers estimated to contain up to 27 monomeric units. The chiral trans-stereochemistry of the bridging diamine favors a different aggregation mode in these complexes, both in the oligomers and dimers, involving a tetrahedral coordination geometry around the metal center. Overall data suggest the formation of helical oligomers, (ZnL)n, in freshly prepared chloroform solutions which, by standing or heating, evolve towards a more thermodynamically stable, dinuclear double-helicate Zn2L2 dimer.
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15
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Oliveri IP, Malandrino G, Mirabella S, Di Bella S. Vapochromic and chemiresistive characteristics of a nanostructured molecular material composed of a zinc(ii)-salophen complex. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15977-15982. [PMID: 30378618 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03904f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ZnII Schiff-base complex shows vapochromic and chemiresistive behaviour when exposed to vapours of a Lewis base.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Salvo Mirabella
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia
- Università di Catania
- I-95123 Catania
- Italy
| | - Santo Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
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