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Veerapathiran S, Muduli G, Rawat A, Siddhant K, Singh J, Matsumoto K, Tsutsumi O, Prabusankar G. Organo Chalcogenone-Triggered Luminescent Copper(I) Clusters for Light Emitting Applications. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12708-12720. [PMID: 38943619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
A novel organo sulfur and selenium-controlled emission behavior in discrete copper(I) clusters has been demonstrated for the first time. The pentanuclear [Cu5Br5(L1)2] (1), trinuclear [Cu3Br3(L2)2] (2), dinuclear [Cu2I2(L1)2] (3), and tetranuclear [Cu4I4(L2)2CH3CN] (4) copper(I) discrete clusters have been synthesized from the reaction between L1 [L1 = 1-isopropyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-imidazol-2-thione] or L2 [L2 = 1-isopropyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-imidazol-2-selone] chelating ligands and corresponding copper(I) halide salts. These new clusters have been characterized by FT-IR, UV-visible, thermogravimetric analysis, and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that 1-4 consists of abundant d10-d10 interactions. The structural and bonding features of clusters have been investigated using density functional theory calculations. Notably, the L2-ligated 2 and 4 are poorly emissive, while L1-ligated 1 and 3 showed strong emission in the orange and green regions, respectively. The time-dependent density functional theory natural transition orbital calculations of 1 and 3 reveal the nature of the transitions contributed by 3MLCT/3LLCT/3ILCT. Photoluminescence quantum yields of 1 and 3 are 19 and 11%, with average lifetimes of 21.55 and 6.57 μs, respectively. 1 and 3 were coated on prototype LED bulbs for light-emitting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabari Veerapathiran
- Organometallics and Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Gopendra Muduli
- Organometallics and Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Arushi Rawat
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kumar Siddhant
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Joginder Singh
- Organometallics and Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Kohsuke Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Osamu Tsutsumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ganesan Prabusankar
- Organometallics and Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
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Elvers BJ, Fischer C, Schulzke C. Dynamics and Coordination of a P 2N 2 Ligand - from Twisted Conformation to Chelation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304103. [PMID: 38372510 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Based on their general spacial flexibility, their Lewis and Brønsted basicity, and ability to mimic second sphere effects the 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane ligand family and their complexes have regained substantial scientific interest. It was now possible to structurally analyze a recently reported member of this family with p-tolyl and t-butyl substituents on P and N, respectively, (P2 p-tolN2 tBu). Notably, the ligand crystallizes with a 'twisted' backbone. This compound is the very first of its kind to have been unambiguously characterized with regard to its chemical and molecular structure as being in this conformation. A temperature-dependent NMR study provides insight into the molecular dynamics of two isomers in solution, which are most likely also both twisted, as judged by the observed limited reactivity. Despite the in principle unfavorable conformation of the free ligand, it was successfully chelated to tungsten and molybdenum centers in mononuclear carbonyl complexes. The ligand, a derivative thereof and four new complexes were comprehensively characterized and analyzed in comparison. This includes single crystal XRD molecular structures of P2 p-tolN2 tBu and all four complexes. P2 p-tolN2 tBu, regardless of its twisted conformation, is able to coordinate to metal centers given that enough energy (heat) for a conformational change is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict J Elvers
- Bioinorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Fischer
- Bioinorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Bioinorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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Strelnik ID, Dayanova IR, Faizullin BA, Mustafina AR, Gerasimova TP, Kolesnikov IE, Islamov DR, Litvinov IA, Voloshina AD, Sapunova AS, Gubaidullin AT, Musina EI, Karasik AA. Linkage of the Dinuclear Gold(I) Complex Luminescence and Origin of Endocyclic Amino Group of Cyclic P 2N 2-Bridging Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19474-19487. [PMID: 37983813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold(I) complexes of LAu2Cl2 composition based on P2N2 ligands, namely 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes, containing ethylpyridyl substituents at the phosphorus atoms and sp2- or sp3-hybridized endocyclic nitrogen atoms were synthesized. The SCXRD analysis indicated the strong impact of the geometry of the nitrogen atom on the structure and conformational flexibility of the complexes. The N-aryl substituted ligand with the planar endocyclic nitrogen atom provides higher flexibility of the complex and an ability to bind the solvent molecules in the "host-guest" mode, whereas that kind of behavior is forbidden for the complex with an N-alkyl substituted ligand with a pyramidal nitrogen atom. The substituents at nitrogen atoms also control the origin of the emission, which is phosphorescence for the N-aryl substituted complex and fluorescence for the N-alkylaryl substituted complex. The phosphorescent gold(I) complex displays high cytotoxicity without selectivity toward the m-HeLa and normal cells, but the core-shell nanoparticles formed on the base of the complex demonstrate reduced cytotoxicity. The luminescence of the NPs allows tracking the complexes in the cell samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor D Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Irina R Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Bulat A Faizullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Asiya R Mustafina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Tatiana P Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Ilya E Kolesnikov
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, St. Petersburg University, 5 Ulianovskaya Street, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Daut R Islamov
- Laboratory for Structural Analysis of Biomacromolecules, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Igor A Litvinov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Anastasiia S Sapunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Aidar T Gubaidullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Elvira I Musina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Andrey A Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia
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4
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Faizullin BA, Dayanova IR, Kurenkov AV, Gubaidullin AT, Saifina AF, Nizameev IR, Kholin KV, Khrizanforov MN, Sirazieva AR, Litvinov IA, Voloshina AD, Lyubina AP, Sibgatullina GV, Samigullin DV, Musina EI, Strelnik ID, Karasik AA, Mustafina AR. ROS-producing nanomaterial engineered from Cu(I) complexes with P 2N 2-ligands for cancer cells treating. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:133. [PMID: 37903946 PMCID: PMC10616039 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The work presents core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) built from the novel Cu(I) complexes with cyclic P2N2-ligands (1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes) that can visualize their entry into cancer and normal cells using a luminescent signal and treat cells by self-enhancing generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Variation of P- and N-substituents in the series of P2N2-ligands allows structure optimization of the Cu(I) complexes for the formation of the luminescent NPs with high chemical stability. The non-covalent modification of the NPs with triblock copolymer F-127 provides their high colloidal stability, followed by efficient cell internalization of the NPs visualized by their blue (⁓450 nm) luminescence. The cytotoxic effects of the NPs toward the normal and some of cancer cells are significantly lower than those of the corresponding molecular complexes, which correlates with the chemical stability of the NPs in the solutions. The ability of the NPs to self-enhanced and H2O2-induced ROS generation is demonstrated in solutions and intracellular space by means of the standard electron spin resonance (ESR) and fluorescence techniques correspondingly. The anticancer specificity of the NPs toward HuTu 80 cancer cells and the apoptotic cell death pathway correlate with the intracellular level of ROS, which agrees well with the self-enhancing ROS generation of the NPs. The enhanced level of ROS revealed in HuTu 80 cells incubated with the NPs can be associated with the significant level of their mitochondrial localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat A Faizullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088.
| | - Irina R Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Alexey V Kurenkov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Aidar T Gubaidullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Alina F Saifina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Irek R Nizameev
- Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 Karl Marx Str., Kazan, Russia, 420015
| | - Kirill V Kholin
- Department of Nanotechnology in Electronics, Kazan National Research Technical University Named After A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx Street, Kazan, Russia, 420111
| | - Mikhail N Khrizanforov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
- Aleksander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 1/29 Lobachevski Str., Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - Aisylu R Sirazieva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Igor A Litvinov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Anna P Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Guzel V Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski Str., Kazan, Russia, 420111
| | - Dmitry V Samigullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski Str., Kazan, Russia, 420111
- Institute for Radio-Electronics and Telecommunications, Kazan National Research Technical University Named After A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx Street, Kazan, Russia, 420111
| | - Elvira I Musina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Igor D Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
- Aleksander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 1/29 Lobachevski Str., Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - Andrey A Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Asiya R Mustafina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
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Strelnik I, Shamsieva A, Akhmadgaleev K, Gerasimova T, Dayanova I, Kolesnikov I, Fayzullin R, Islamov D, Musina E, Karasik A, Sinyashin O. Emission and Luminescent Vapochromism Control of Octahedral Cu 4 I 4 Complexes by Conformationally Restricted P,N Ligands. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202864. [PMID: 36420785 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A conformationally restricted P,N-ligand capable of the design of polynuclear copper(I) complexes was synthesized via the reaction of primary pyridylphosphine, paraformaldehyde, and benzhydrylamine. The reaction of the ligand with copper(I) iodide leads to the tetranuclear copper(I) complex with the octahedral type of copper-iodide core. Different orientation of coordination bonds of the ligands relative to the P,N2 -heterocyclic fragments and to the Cu4 I4 cores leads to the existence of two types of conformers of the complex with "compact" or "stretched" geometry of the Cu4 I4 cluster. This lability of the complex allowed for obtaining two crystalline phases displaying green or red luminescence. The TDDFT computations along with XRD structural analysis gave a strong interpretation of the green emission belonging to the "compact" form of the complex and belonging of the red emission to the "stretched" form. Moreover, both crystalline phases demonstrate the strong vapochromic responses of luminescence on the vapors of wide range of solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Aliia Shamsieva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Kamil Akhmadgaleev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya Kolesnikov
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, Saint Petersburg State University, Sankt-Peterburg, 5 Ulianovskaya Street, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Robert Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Daut Islamov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira Musina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Sinyashin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088, Kazan, Russian Federation
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Green Emissive Copper(I) Coordination Polymer Supported by the Diethylpyridylphosphine Ligand as a Luminescent Sensor for Overheating Processes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020706. [PMID: 36677764 PMCID: PMC9863830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary diethylpyridylphosphine was synthesized by the reaction of pyridylphosphine with bromoethane in a suberbasic medium. The reaction of phosphine with the copper(I) iodide led to the formation of a copper(I) coordination polymer, which, according to the X-ray diffraction data, has an intermediate structure with a copper-halide core between the octahedral and stairstep geometries of the Cu4I4 clusters. The obtained coordination polymer exhibits a green emission in the solid state, which is caused by the 3(M+X)LCT transitions. The heating up of the copper(I) coordination polymer to 138.5 °C results in its monomerization and the formation of a new solid-state phase. The new phase exhibits a red emission, with the emission band maximum at 725 nm. According to the experimental data and quantum chemical computations, it was concluded that depolymerization probably leads to a complex that is formed with the octahedral structure of the copper-halide core. The resulting solid-state phase can be backward-converted to the polymer phase via recrystallization from the acetone or DMF. Therefore, the obtained coordination polymer can be considered a sensor or detector for the overheating of processes that should be maintained at temperatures below 138 °C (e.g., engines, boiling liquids, solar heat systems, etc.).
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Aurophilic Interactions of Dimeric Bisphosphine Gold(I) Complexes Pre-Organized by the Structure of the 1,5-Diaza-3,7-Diphosphacyclooctanes. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10120224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dimeric gold(I) chloride and gold(I) iodide complexes ([L2Au]Cl2 and L2AuI2) on the scaffold of the cyclic bisphosphine, namely 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane containing α-phenylbenzyl (benzhydryl) substituents at the nitrogen atoms, were synthesized. The obtained complexes were isolated as white crystalline powders. The single crystal XRD of the obtained complexes revealed the strong aurophilic interactions between two gold(I) atoms with the Au…Au distance values of 2.9977(6) and 3.1680(5) Å. The comparison of the gold complexes, based on the N,N-diaryl- and N,N-dibenzhydryl substituted 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes, allowed to reveal the strong impact of the initial heterocycle conformation on the realization of the aurophilic interactions, where the geometry of N,N-dibenzhydryl substituted 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane, is pre-organized for the intramolecular aurophilic interactions of the complexes. The obtained complexes exhibit a bluish-green phosphorescence (λem 505 (-Cl) and 530(-I)) in the solid state at room temperature, originated by the metal-halide centered transitions, which was confirmed by the TDDFT calculations. It was found that the aurophilic interactions are realized in the ground and in the triplet excited states of the complexes. The slighter change of the geometry of the N,N-dibenzhydryl substituted gold(I) iodide complexes, under the transition from the ground state to the excited state, in comparison with their N,N-diaryl substituted analogues, results in the reduced values of the Stokes shift of luminescence (ca. 150 nm vs. 175 nm).
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Strelnik ID, Dayanova I, Gerasimova TP, Katsyuba SA, Kolesnikov IE, Kalinichev A, Shmelev A, Islamov DR, Lönnecke P, Hey-Hawkins E, Musina EI, Karasik AA. Deep-Blue Emissive Copper(I) Complexes Based on P-Thiophenylethyl-Substituted Cyclic Bisphosphines Displaying Photoinduced Structural Transformations of the Excited States. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16596-16606. [PMID: 36228314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic method for a primary 2-(thiophen-2'-yl)ethylphosphine was developed. The reaction of thiophenylethylphosphine with paraformaldehyde and primary arylamines leads to the formation of cyclic bisphosphines, namely, 1,5-di(aryl)-3,7-bis(thiophenylethyl)-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane (aryl = phenyl, p-tolyl). The obtained bisphosphines form cationic bis-P,P-chelate complexes with copper(I) tetrafluoroborate, which were structurally characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental and XRD analyses. Surprisingly, the copper(I) complexes display a multiband emission in the solid state with maxima at 355-360, 425-430, and 480-490 nm and nanosecond lifetimes (1.2-1.4 ns) upon a 335 nm excitation. The excitation of the complexes at 360 nm at room temperature results in a deep-blue emission at 425-430 nm and a tail at 460-490 nm. A temperature decrease leads to an increased intensity of the emission band at 480 nm, while the luminescence lifetimes insignificantly increased up to 14 ns. Quantum chemical calculations explain the observed unusual luminescent behavior by the existence of "undistorted" and "flattened" singlet excited states of copper(I) complexes at room temperature and at 77 K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor D Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana P Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Katsyuba
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E Kolesnikov
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 1990345 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Kalinichev
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 1990345 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Artemiy Shmelev
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 10/7 Sibirskiy trakt, 420029 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Daut R Islamov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elvira I Musina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
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The Backbone of Success of P,N-Hybrid Ligands: Some Recent Developments. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196293. [PMID: 36234830 PMCID: PMC9614609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus ligands are an invaluable family of compounds that continue to underpin important roles in disciplines such as coordination chemistry and catalysis. Their success can routinely be traced back to facile tuneability thus enabling a high degree of control over, for example, electronic and steric properties. Diphosphines, phosphorus compounds bearing two separated PIII donor atoms, are also highly valued and impart their own unique features, for example excellent chelating properties upon metal complexation. In many classical ligands of this type, the backbone connectivity has been based on all carbon spacers only but there is growing interest in embedding other donor atoms such as additional nitrogen (–NH–, –NR–) sites. This review will collate some important examples of ligands in this field, illustrate their role as ligands in coordination chemistry and highlight some of their reactivities and applications. It will be shown that incorporation of a nitrogen-based group can impart unusual reactivities and important catalytic applications.
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Ovsyannikov AS, Litvinov IA, Islamov DR, Solovieva SE, Antipin IS. New 3D Coordination Polymer Based on the Tetrapyridyl Derivative of Thiacalix[4]arene in the 1,3-Alternate Configuration and Hexanuclear Clusters of Monovalent Silver: Synthesis and Structure. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328422050062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian R. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Zi X, Liu C, Lu W, Huang J, Zhang J, Zhang B, Du C. Luminescent mono‐and dinuclear copper(I) complexes based on bulky bisphosphino‐substituted benzimidazole derivatives. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zi
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Wen Lu
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Juan Huang
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
| | - Chenxia Du
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 PR China
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13
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Zhao Y, Yu M, Jiang F, Chen L, Hong M. A red-emissive 3D framework with the coexistence of copper-iodide clusters and rings as a luminescent ratiometric thermometer. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Dayanova IR, Shamsieva AV, Strelnik ID, Gerasimova TP, Kolesnikov IE, Fayzullin RR, Islamov DR, Saifina AF, Musina EI, Hey-Hawkins E, Karasik AA. Assembly of Heterometallic AuICu 2I 2 Cores on the Scaffold of NPPN-Bridging Cyclic Bisphosphine. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5402-5411. [PMID: 33759505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The row of metallocyclic dinuclear gold(I) complexes with cyclic diphosphines, namely, P-pyridylethyl-substituted 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes, has been obtained. Further interaction of the dinuclear gold(I) complexes with copper(I) iodide gave the first examples of hexanuclear AuI/CuI complexes containing two unusual trinuclear AuICu2I2 fragments. The structures of di- and hexanuclear complexes were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All of the obtained complexes are moderate emitters in the solid state. Dinuclear gold(I) complexes displayed a greenish emission with the maxima in the emission spectra at ca. 550 nm. The obtained hexanuclear heterobimetallic AuI/CuI complexes are triplet solid-state blue emitters with the maximum in the emission spectra at 463 and 484 nm. According to the TD-DFT calculations, the observed emission of all studied complexes had a triplet origin and was caused by the 3CC or 3(MLCT) T1 → S0 transitions for dinuclear and hexanuclear complexes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina R Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Aliia V Shamsieva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Igor D Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana P Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E Kolesnikov
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, Saint Petersburg State University, 5 Ulianovskaya Street, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Robert R Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Daut R Islamov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alina F Saifina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira I Musina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrey A Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
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Mishra I, Bhol M, Kalimuthu P, Sathiyendiran M. Emerging Spacers-Based Ligands for Supramolecular Coordination Complexes. CHEM REC 2021; 21:594-614. [PMID: 33615668 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The design and self-assembly of supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) i. e., discrete cyclic metalloarchitectures such as cycles, cages, mesocates, and helicates with desired size, shape, and properties have been increasing exponentially owing to their potential applications in molecular sensors, molecular cargos, molecular recognition, and catalysis. The introduction of the organic motifs and metal complexes as a spacer provides functionality to the metalloarchitecture. This review mainly focusses on newly evolving spacer based ligands employed to yield simple to high-order metallosupramolecular assemblies using straight-forward approaches. The new spacers including corannulene, organic cyclic framework, bicyclic organic motifs, aliphatic chain, metalloligands, triarylboron, BODIPY, azaphosphatrane, phosphine, and thio/selenophosphates offer a great set of properties and in-built functionalities to the metalloarchitectures which are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Mishra
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Mamina Bhol
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Palanisamy Kalimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624 302, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Paderina AV, Koshevoy IO, Grachova EV. Keep it tight: a crucial role of bridging phosphine ligands in the design and optical properties of multinuclear coinage metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6003-6033. [PMID: 33913991 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Copper subgroup metal ions in the +1 oxidation state are classical candidates for aggregation via non-covalent metal-metal interactions, which are supported by a number of bridging ligands. The bridging phosphines, soft donors with a relatively labile coordination to coinage metals, serve as convenient and essential components of the ligand environment that allow for efficient self-assembly of discrete polynuclear aggregates. Simultaneously, accessible and rich modification of the organic spacer of such P-donors has been used to generate many fascinating structures with attractive photoluminescent behavior. In this work we consider the development of di- and polynuclear complexes of M(i) (M = Cu, Ag, Au) and their photophysical properties, focusing on the effect of phosphine bridging ligands, their flexibility and denticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V Paderina
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Igor O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Elena V Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia.
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17
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Troyano J, Zamora F, Delgado S. Copper(i)–iodide cluster structures as functional and processable platform materials. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4606-4628. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01470b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a complete overview of the progress towards implementation of CuI-nanoclusters in functional materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Troyano
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Kyoto University Yoshida
- Sakyo-ku
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Félix Zamora
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid 28049
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences
| | - Salomé Delgado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid 28049
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences
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18
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Shamsieva AV, Musina EI, Gerasimova TP, Strelnik ID, Strelnik AG, Kolesnikov IE, Kalinichev AA, Islamov DR, Samigullina AI, Lönnecke P, Katsyuba SA, Hey-Hawkins E, Karasik AA, Sinyashin OG. Triple-bridged helical binuclear copper(i) complexes: Head-to-head and head-to-tail isomerism and the solid-state luminescence. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11997-12008. [PMID: 32812965 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01843k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A family of helical dinuclear copper(i) pyridylphospholane complexes [Cu2L3X]X (X = BF4-, Cl- and Br-) was prepared. The family includes the first examples of this type of complex based on copper(i) chloride and copper(i) bromide. The two isomers typical of this class of compounds, namely head-to-head and head-to-tail complexes, were studied in solution by spectroscopic and optical methods, and in the solid state by X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the solid-state luminescence of the complexes at different temperatures was studied, and the results were interpreted using quantum-chemical calculations. It was shown that the luminescence of the complexes is attributed to the 3(M + X)LCT transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliia V Shamsieva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation.
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19
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Artem'ev AV, Davydova MP, Berezin AS, Ryzhikov MR, Samsonenko DG. Dicopper(I) Paddle-Wheel Complexes with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Adjusted by Ancillary Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10699-10706. [PMID: 32687333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A suite of paddle-wheel shaped [Cu2(PymPPh2)3(Lan)n](PF6)2 complexes showing efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has been synthesized. In these complexes, Cu(I) ions are P,N-bridged by three diphenyl(2-pyrimidyl)phosphine (PymPPh2, L) ligands in a "head-to-tail" fashion, and one or both metals are also capped by the ancillary ligand (Lan = MeOH, Me2CO, MeCN, PhCN). At ambient temperature, the solid complexes emit TADF with the quantum yield of up to 85% and the lifetimes of from 9.6 to 27 μs. The ancillary ligands, whose orbitals negligibly contribute to the radiative 1(M + L + Lan)LCT state, remarkably adjust emission energies and ΔE(S1-T1) energy splitting magnitudes of the emitters obtained. Thus, depending on structure and/or number of the Lan molecules, the emission maxima vary from 500 to 563 nm, and the ΔE(S1-T1) gaps range 550-1100 cm-1. Such tunable TADF characteristics coupled with the excellent solubility and air-stability make the complexes presented to be promising TADF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Artem'ev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Maria P Davydova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey S Berezin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim R Ryzhikov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Denis G Samsonenko
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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Rogovoy MI, Davydova MP, Bagryanskaya IY, Artem’ev AV. Efficient one-pot synthesis of diphenyl(pyrazin-2-yl)phosphine and its AgI, AuI and PtII complexes. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Study of the structures and photophysical properties of 1,3-diaza-5-phosphacyclohexanes using density functional theory and optical spectroscopy. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Strelnik ID, Dayanova IR, Poryvaev TM, Gerasimova TP, Litvinov IA, Katsyuba SA, Musina EI, Karasik AA, Sinyashin OG. Rearrangement of two 8-membered 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane rings into 16-membered P4N4 ligand on the gold(i) template. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Galassi R, Rawashdeh-Omary MA, Dias HVR, Omary MA. Homoleptic Cyclic Trinuclear d10 Complexes: from Self-Association via Metallophilic and Excimeric Bonding to the Breakage Thereof via Oxidative Addition, Dative Bonding, Quadrupolar, and Heterometal Bonding Interactions. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2019.1666371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Galassi
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - H. V. Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Omary
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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Elistratova J, Faizullin B, Dayanova I, Strelnik I, Strelnik A, Gerasimova T, Fayzullin R, Babaev V, Khrizanforov M, Budnikova Y, Musina E, Katsyuba S, Karasik A, Mustafina A, Sinyashin O. Reversible temperature-responsible emission in solutions within 293–333 K produced by dissociative behavior of multinuclear Cu(I) complexes with aminomethylphosphines. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Two homochiral crystals of anion-directed Cu(I) and Zn(II) helical coordination polymers. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Baranov AY, Rakhmanova MI, Samsonenko DG, Malysheva SF, Belogorlova NA, Bagryanskaya IY, Fedin VP, Artem'ev AV. Silver(I) and gold(I) complexes with tris[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]phosphine. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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