1
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Pramanik S, Islam ASM, Ghosh I, Ghosh P. Supramolecular chemistry of liquid-liquid extraction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7824-7847. [PMID: 38817569 PMCID: PMC11134359 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00933a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) is a venerable and widely used method for the separation of a targeted solute between two immiscible liquids. In recent years, this method has gained popularity in the supramolecular chemistry community due to the development of various types of synthetic receptors that effectively and selectively bind specific guests in an aqueous medium through different supramolecular interactions. This has eventually led to the development of state-of-the-art extraction technologies for the removal and purification of anions, cations, ion pairs, and small molecules from one liquid phase to another liquid phase, which is an industrially viable method. The focus of this perspective is to furnish a vivid picture of the current understanding of supramolecular interaction-based LLE chemistry. This will not only help to improve separation technology in the chemical, mining, nuclear waste treatment, and medicinal chemistry sectors but is also useful to address the purity issue of the extractable species, which is otherwise difficult. Thus, up-to-date knowledge on this subject will eventually provide opportunities to develop large-scale waste remediation processes and metallurgy applications that can address important real-life problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Pramanik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Abu S M Islam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Iti Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
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2
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Picci G, Montis R, Lippolis V, Caltagirone C. Squaramide-based receptors in anion supramolecular chemistry: insights into anion binding, sensing, transport and extraction. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3952-3975. [PMID: 38465875 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01165h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, squaramide-based receptors have attracted the attention of supramolecular chemists working in the field of anion recognition. Herein, we highlight examples of squaramide-based receptors that are able to bind, sense, extract and transport anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Picci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Montis
- Department of Pure and Applied Science, University of Urbino, Via della Stazione 4, Urbino I-61029, Italy.
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy.
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3
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Yang JH, Kim SK. A squaramide cage capable of binding and extracting H 2PO 4- and HP 2O 73- in highly polar protic media. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9988-9991. [PMID: 37519091 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02611f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel squaramide cage (2) binds H2PO4- and HP2O73- with high selectivity and affinity in a highly polar protic solvent system. Receptor 2 is also able to extract these hydrophilic anions into a chloroform phase from water. The X-ray crystal structure demonstrated that compound 2 forms a complex with H2PO4- with 1 : 1 stoichiometry in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Ho Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea.
| | - Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea.
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4
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Ayyar ASR, Aregawi DT, Petersen AR, Pedersen JMI, Kragh RR, Desoky MMH, Sundberg J, Vinum L, Lee JW. Carbon Dioxide-Mediated Desalination. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3499-3506. [PMID: 36731027 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional desalination membrane technologies, although offer portable drinking water, are still energy-intensive processes. This paper proposes a potentially new approach for performing water desalination and purification by utilizing the reversible interaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with nucleophilic amines─reminiscent of the Solvay process. Based on our model studies with small molecules, CO2-responsive amphiphilic insoluble diamines were prepared, characterized, and applied in the formation of soda and ammonium chloride upon exposure to ambient CO2 (1 atm), thus removing chloride ions from model and real seawater. This ion-exchange process and separation of chloride from the aqueous phase are spontaneous in the presence of CO2 without the need for external energy sources. We demonstrate a flow system to envisage energy-efficient CO2-mediated desalination and simultaneous carbon capture and sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Sharadha-Ravi Ayyar
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Desta Tesfay Aregawi
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Allan R Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Jonas Merlin Ibsgaard Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Refsgaard Kragh
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Mohamed M H Desoky
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Jonas Sundberg
- Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 375, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Lars Vinum
- CowaTech ApS, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Ji-Woong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation CO2 Research Center, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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5
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Li F, Li HM, Xiu RF, Zhang JK, Cui BD, Wan NW, Chen YZ, Han WY. Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reaction for the Assembly of Norbornane-Containing Chromones with Dimethyl Squarate as the Solid C1 Source. Org Lett 2022; 24:9392-9397. [PMID: 36524990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a novel palladium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] domino annulation of 3-iodochromones, bridged olefins, and dimethyl squarate allowing the construction of chromone-containing polycyclic compounds in good to high yields. Importantly, dimethyl squarate is first employed as the solid C1 source in organic synthesis. Gram-scale experiments, late-stage modification of natural products, as well as transformations of products show potential for further synthetic elaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Ren-Feng Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Jin-Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Bao-Dong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Nan-Wei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Wen-Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, PR China
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6
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Zaleskaya-Hernik M, Karbarz M, Romański J. The use of microelectrodes to study ion recognition by a squaramide-based ion pair receptor consisting of a ferrocene reporter. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Head vs. Tail Squaramide–Naphthalimide Conjugates: Self-Assembly and Anion Binding Behaviour. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The syntheses of two squaramide–naphthalimide conjugates (SN1 and SN2) are reported; the structures of SN1 and SN2 differ by the attachment of a squaramide—either at the ‘head’ or the ‘tail’ of the naphthalimide fluorophore. Both compounds displayed weak fluorescence due to the inclusion of a nitro-aromatic squaramide which efficiently quenches the emission of the naphthalimide. Both compounds were also shown to undergo self-aggregation as studied by 1H NMR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, SN1 and SN2 gave rise to stark colourimetric changes in response to basic anions such as AcO−, SO42− HPO42−, and F−. The observed colour changes are thought to be due to deprotonation of a squaramide NH. The same basic anions also result in a further quenching of the naphthalimide emission. No colour change or emission modulations were observed in the presence of Cl−; however, 1H NMR studies suggest that moderate H-bonding occurs between this anion and both SN1 and SN2.
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8
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Zaleskaya-Hernik M, Megiel E, Romański J. Utilizing a polymer containing squaramide-based ion pair receptors for salt extraction. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Docker A, Marques I, Kuhn H, Zhang Z, Félix V, Beer PD. Selective Potassium Chloride Recognition, Sensing, Extraction, and Transport Using a Chalcogen-Bonding Heteroditopic Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14778-14789. [PMID: 35930460 PMCID: PMC9394446 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chalcogen bonding (ChB) is rapidly rising to prominence
in supramolecular
chemistry as a powerful sigma (σ)-hole-based noncovalent interaction,
especially for applications in the field of molecular recognition.
Recent studies have demonstrated ChB donor strength and potency to
be remarkably sensitive to local electronic environments, including
redox-switchable on/off anion binding and sensing capability. Influencing
the unique electronic and geometric environment sensitivity of ChB
interactions through simultaneous cobound metal cation recognition,
herein, we present the first potassium chloride-selective heteroditopic
ion-pair receptor. The direct conjugation of benzo-15-crown-5 ether
(B15C5) appendages to Te centers in a bis-tellurotriazole framework
facilitates alkali metal halide (MX) ion-pair binding through the
formation of a cofacial intramolecular bis-B15C5 M+ (M+ = K+, Rb+, Cs+) sandwich
complex and bidentate ChB···X– formation.
Extensive quantitative 1H NMR ion-pair affinity titration
experiments, solid–liquid and liquid–liquid extraction,
and U-tube transport studies all demonstrate unprecedented KCl selectivity
over all other group 1 metal chlorides. It is demonstrated that the
origin of the receptor’s ion-pair binding cooperativity and
KCl selectivity arises from an electronic polarization of the ChB
donors induced by the cobound alkali metal cation. Importantly, the
magnitude of this switch on Te-centered electrophilicity, and therefore
anion-binding affinity, is shown to correlate with the inherent Lewis
acidity of the alkali metal cation. Extensive computational DFT investigations
corroborated the experimental alkali metal cation–anion ion-pair
binding observations for halides and oxoanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Docker
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Igor Marques
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Heike Kuhn
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Vítor Félix
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paul D Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
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10
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Ouimet JA, Xu J, Flores‐Hansen C, Phillip WA, Boudouris BW. Design Considerations for Next‐Generation Polymer Sorbents: From Polymer Chemistry to Device Configurations. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Aubuchon Ouimet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46566 United States
| | - Jialing Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46566 United States
| | - Carsten Flores‐Hansen
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
| | - William A. Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46566 United States
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
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11
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Fehér Z, Richter D, Nagy S, Bagi P, Rapi Z, Simon A, Drahos L, Huszthy P, Bakó P, Kupai J. Synthesis of Novel Crown Ether-Squaramides and Their Application as Phase-Transfer Catalysts. Molecules 2021; 26:6542. [PMID: 34770950 PMCID: PMC8588334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis of six new phase-transfer organocatalysts in which the squaramide unit is directly linked to the nitrogen atom of an aza-crown ether. Four chiral skeletons, namely hydroquinine, quinine, cinchonine (cinchonas), and α-d-glucopyranoside were responsible for the asymmetric construction of an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center in α-alkylation and Michael addition reactions of malonic esters. We investigated the effects of these different chiral units and that of crown ethers with different sizes on catalytic activity and enantioselectivity. During extensive parameter investigations, both conventional and emerging green solvents were screened, providing valuable α,α-disubstituted malonic ester derivatives with excellent yields (up to 98%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Fehér
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Dóra Richter
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Sándor Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Péter Bagi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Zsolt Rapi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - András Simon
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Huszthy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Péter Bakó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - József Kupai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (D.R.); (S.N.); (P.B.); (Z.R.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
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12
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Utilizing an Amino Acid Scaffold to Construct Heteroditopic Receptors Capable of Interacting with Salts under Interfacial Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910754. [PMID: 34639095 PMCID: PMC8509731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-nitro-L-phenylalanine scaffold was used to construct effective ion pair receptors capable of binding anions in an enhanced manner with the assistance of alkali metal cations. A benzocrown ether was linked to a receptor platform via the amide function so as to support the squaramide function in anion binding and to allow all three NHs to act simultaneously. The binding properties of the receptors were determined using UV-vis, 1H NMR, 2D NMR, and DOSY spectroscopy in MeCN and in the solid state by X-ray measurements. Ion pair receptor 2 was found to interact with the most strongly with salts, and the removal of its key structural elements was shown to hinder the receptor action. The amide proton was recognized to switch from having involvement in an intramolecular hydrogen bond to interacting with anions upon complexation. Apart from carboxylates, which promote deprotonation, and other monovalent salts creating 1:1 complexes with the receptor, more complex equilibria were established upon the complexation of 2 with sulfates. Receptor 2 was shown to be capable of the extraction of ion pairs from the aqueous to organic phase and of the cation-enhanced transport chloride and sulfate anions across a bulk chloroform membrane. These features may open the door for its use in regulating ion concertation under interfacial conditions and acting as a potential drug to treat channelopathies.
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13
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Kumawat LK, Wynne C, Cappello E, Fisher P, Brennan LE, Strofaldi A, McManus JJ, Hawes CS, Jolliffe KA, Gunnlaugsson T, Elmes RBP. Squaramide-Based Self-Associating Amphiphiles for Anion Recognition. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1058-1068. [PMID: 34351081 PMCID: PMC8456826 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of two novel self-assembled amphiphiles (SSAs) SQS-1 and SQS-2 are reported. Both compounds, based on the squaramide motif, were fully soluble in a range of solvents and were shown to undergo self-assembly through a range of physical techniques. Self-assembly was shown to favour the formation of crystalline domains on the nanoscale but also fibrillar film formation, as suggested by SEM analysis. Moreover, both SQS-1 and SQS-2 were capable of anion recognition in DMSO solution as demonstrated using 1 H NMR and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, but displayed lower binding affinities for various anions when compared against other squaramide based receptors. In more competitive solvent mixtures SQS-1 gave rise to a colourimetric response in the presence of HPO42- that was clearly visible to the naked eye. We anticipate that the observed response is due to the basic nature of the HPO42- anion when compared against other biologically relevant anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh K. Kumawat
- Department of ChemistryMaynooth UniversityNational University of IrelandMaynoothCo. KildareIreland
| | - Conor Wynne
- Department of ChemistryMaynooth UniversityNational University of IrelandMaynoothCo. KildareIreland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)Ireland
| | - Emanuele Cappello
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - Peter Fisher
- Department of ChemistryMaynooth UniversityNational University of IrelandMaynoothCo. KildareIreland
| | - Luke E. Brennan
- Department of ChemistryMaynooth UniversityNational University of IrelandMaynoothCo. KildareIreland
| | - Alessandro Strofaldi
- Department of ChemistryMaynooth UniversityNational University of IrelandMaynoothCo. KildareIreland
| | - Jennifer J. McManus
- Department of ChemistryMaynooth UniversityNational University of IrelandMaynoothCo. KildareIreland
- HH Wills Physics LaboratoryUniversity of BristolTyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TLUnited Kingdom
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)Ireland
| | - Chris S. Hawes
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesKeele UniversityKeeleST5 5BGUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)Ireland
| | - Robert B. P. Elmes
- Department of ChemistryMaynooth UniversityNational University of IrelandMaynoothCo. KildareIreland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health ResearchMaynooth UniversityMaynoothCo. KildareIreland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)Ireland
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14
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Jagleniec D, Wilczek M, Romański J. Tripodal, Squaramide-Based Ion Pair Receptor for Effective Extraction of Sulfate Salt. Molecules 2021; 26:2751. [PMID: 34067071 PMCID: PMC8125518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining three features-the high affinity of squaramides toward anions, cooperation in ion pair binding and preorganization of the binding domains in the tripodal platform-led to the effective receptor 2. The lack of at least one of these key elements in the structures of reference receptors 3 and 4 caused a lower affinity towards ion pairs. Receptor 2 was found to form an intramolecular network in wet chloroform, which changed into inorganic-organic associates after contact with ions and allowed salts to be extracted from an aqueous to an organic phase. The disparity in the binding mode of 2 with sulfates and with other monovalent anions led to the selective extraction of extremely hydrated sulfate anions in the presence of more lipophilic salts, thus overcoming the Hofmeister series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Romański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (D.J.); (M.W.)
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15
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Zaleskaya M, Jagleniec D, Romański J. Macrocyclic squaramides as ion pair receptors and fluorescent sensors selective towards sulfates. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3904-3915. [PMID: 33635308 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04273k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through the high dilution technique, we obtained macrocyclic ion pair receptors R1 and R2, an anion receptor R3, and a fluorescent sensor R4 using a combination of particular members of simple libraries consisting of synthesized diamines and methyl squarates, respectively. The receptors were investigated in terms of anion and ion pair binding using the 1H NMR titration method in DMSO-d6. We found that the major contribution to the anion binding comes from the interaction with the squaramide protons rather than with the amide functions of the receptors. The receptors demonstrated the highest affinity towards benzoates and sulfates over the anions tested, and in the case of sulfate binding more complex equilibria in solution were observed. Unlike the anion receptor R3, the ion pair receptor R1 was found to recognize anions in an enhanced manner with the assistance of sodium or potassium cations. Tethering of a simple fluorophore in close proximity to the amide function of receptor R4 resulted in an optical ion pair sensor selective towards sulfates. DFT calculations carried out for the 1 : 1 complexes of R3 with the anions helped clarify this selectivity, showing more effective participation of tetrahedral sulfate anions in binding with the amide function than in the case of benzoates or chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zaleskaya
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Highly Efficient, Tripodal Ion-Pair Receptors for Switching Selectivity between Acetates and Sulfates Using Solid-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Extractions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249465. [PMID: 33322738 PMCID: PMC7764408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A tripodal, squaramide-based ion-pair receptor 1 was synthesized in a modular fashion, and 1H NMR and UV-vis studies revealed its ability to interact more efficiently with anions with the assistance of cations. The reference tripodal anion receptor 2, lacking a crown ether unit, was found to lose the enhancement in anion binding induced by presence of cations. Besides the ability to bind anions in enhanced manner by the “single armed” ion-pair receptor 3, the lack of multiple and prearranged binding sites resulted in its much lower affinity towards anions than in the case of tripodal receptors. Unlike with receptors 2 or 3, the high affinity of 1 towards salts opens up the possibility of extracting extremely hydrophilic sulfate anions from aqueous to organic phase. The disparity in receptor 1 binding modes towards monovalent anions and divalent sulfates assures its selectivity towards sulfates over other lipophilic salts upon liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and enables the Hofmeister bias to be overcome. By changing the extraction conditions from LLE to SLE (solid–liquid extraction), a switch of selectivity from sulfates to acetates was achieved. X-ray measurements support the ability of anion binding by cooperation of the arms of receptor 1 together with simultaneous binding of cations.
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Zaleskaya M, Karbarz M, Wilczek M, Dobrzycki Ł, Romański J. Cooperative Transport and Selective Extraction of Sulfates by a Squaramide-Based Ion Pair Receptor: A Case of Adaptable Selectivity. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13749-13759. [PMID: 32885659 PMCID: PMC7509838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of a squaramide-based ion pair receptor offers a solution to the very challenging problem of extraction and transport of extremely hydrated sulfate salt. Herein we demonstrate for the first time that a neutral receptor is able not only to selectively extract but also to transport sulfates in the form of an alkali metal salt across membranes and to do so in a cooperative manner while overcoming the Hofmeister bias. This was made possible by an enhancement in anion binding promoted by cation assistance and by diversifying the stoichiometry of receptor complexes with sulfates and other ions. The existence of a peculiar 4:1 complex of receptor 2 with sulfates in solution was confirmed by UV-vis and 1H NMR titration experiments, DOSY and DLS measurements, and supported by solid-state X-ray measurements. By varying the separation technique and experimental conditions, it was possible to switch the depletion of the aqueous layer into extremely hydrophilic or less lipophilic salts, thus obtaining the desired selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zaleskaya
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Karbarz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Wilczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Romański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Kutus B, Zhu J, Luo J, Wang Q, Lupan A, Attia AAA, Wang D, Hunger J. Enhancement of Ion Pairing of Sr(II) and Ba(II) Salts by a Tritopic Ion-Pair Receptor in Solution. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1957-1965. [PMID: 32643260 PMCID: PMC7540308 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tritopic ion-pair receptors can bind bivalent salts in solution; yet, these salts have a tendency to form ion-pairs even in the absence of receptors. The extent to which such receptors can enhance ion pairing has however remained elusive. Here, we study ion pairing of M2+ (Ba2+ , Sr2+ ) and X- (I- , ClO4- ) in acetonitrile with and without a dichlorooxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-related receptor containing a pentaethylene-glycol moiety. We find marked ion association already in receptor-free solutions. When present, most of the MX+ ion-pairs are bound to the receptor and the overall degree of ion association is enhanced due to coordinative, hydrogen-bonding, and anion-π interactions. The receptor shows higher selectivity for iodides but also stabilizes perchlorates, despite the latter are often considered as weakly coordinating anions. Our results show that ion-pair binding is strongly correlated to ion pairing in these solutions, thereby highlighting the importance of taking ion association in organic solvents into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Kutus
- Department of Molecular SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research55128MainzGermany
| | - Jun Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionInstitute of ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jian Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionInstitute of ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Qi‐Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionInstitute of ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Alexandru Lupan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBabeş-Bolyai University400028Cluj-NapocaRomania
| | - Amr A. A. Attia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBabeş-Bolyai University400028Cluj-NapocaRomania
| | - De‐Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionInstitute of ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Johannes Hunger
- Department of Molecular SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research55128MainzGermany
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Zaleskaya M, Jagleniec D, Karbarz M, Dobrzycki Ł, Romański J. Squaramide based ion pair receptors possessing ferrocene as a signaling unit. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01452g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocene offers a convenient reporter in squaramide based ion pair sensors able to recognize anions more strongly in the presence of cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zaleskaya
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- PL 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Marcin Karbarz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- PL 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Jan Romański
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- PL 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
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Yu XH, Hong XQ, Mao QC, Chen WH. Biological effects and activity optimization of small-molecule, drug-like synthetic anion transporters. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Jagleniec D, Dobrzycki Ł, Karbarz M, Romański J. Ion-pair induced supramolecular assembly formation for selective extraction and sensing of potassium sulfate. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9542-9547. [PMID: 32055325 PMCID: PMC6979319 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02923k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective extraction of sulfates in the form of alkali metal salts using charge-neutral molecular receptors is one of the holy grails of supramolecular chemistry. Herein we describe, for the first time, a squaramide-based ion pair receptor equipped with a crown ether site that is able to extract potassium sulfate from the aqueous to the organic phase (an analogous monotopic anion receptor lacking the crown ether unit lacks this ability). 1H NMR, UV-vis, DOSY-NMR, DLS, and MS experiments and the solid-state single crystal structure provided evidence of the formation of a supramolecular core-shell like assembly upon interaction of the receptor with potassium sulfate. The presence of monovalent potassium salts, in contrast, promoted the formation of simple 1 : 1 complexes. Unlike the 4 : 1 assembly, the 1 : 1 complexes are poorly soluble in organic media. This feature was utilized to overcome the Hofmeister bias and allow for selective extraction of extremely hydrophilic sulfates over lipophilic nitrate anions, which was unambiguously proved by quantitative AES and ion chromatography measurements. A simple modification of the receptor structure led to a "naked eye" optical sensor able to selectively detect sulfates under both SLE and LLE conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jagleniec
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Warsaw , Pasteura 1 , PL 02-093 Warsaw , Poland .
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Warsaw , Pasteura 1 , PL 02-093 Warsaw , Poland .
| | - Marcin Karbarz
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Warsaw , Pasteura 1 , PL 02-093 Warsaw , Poland .
| | - Jan Romański
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Warsaw , Pasteura 1 , PL 02-093 Warsaw , Poland .
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Cave H, Ede JA, Sambrook MR, Dodd H, Fucassi F, Cragg AS, Lansley AH, Cragg PJ. Hydrogen-bonding interactions in crown-(thio)urea complexes with anions, chemical warfare agents and simulants. Supramol Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2019.1659268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Cave
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Huxley Building, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Jayne A. Ede
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Mark R. Sambrook
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Howard Dodd
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Huxley Building, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Flavia Fucassi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Huxley Building, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Alexander S. Cragg
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Huxley Building, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Adam H. Lansley
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Huxley Building, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Peter J. Cragg
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Huxley Building, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Jagleniec D, Ziach K, Dąbrowa K, Romański J. The Effect of Substitution Pattern on Binding Ability in Regioisomeric Ion Pair Receptors Based on an Aminobenzoic Platform. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162990. [PMID: 31426565 PMCID: PMC6720599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of ditopic ion pair receptors equipped with 4-nitrophenylurea and 1-aza-18-crown-6-ether linked by ortho-(1), meta-(2), and para-(3) substituted benzoic acid were readily synthesized in three steps from commercially available materials. The binding properties of these regioisomeric receptors were determined using UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy in MeCN and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. The solution studies revealed that, apart from carboxylates, all the anions tested formed stronger complexes in the presence of sodium cations. Receptors 2 and 3 were found to interact with ion pairs with remarkably higher affinity than ortho-substituted 1. 1H NMR titration experiments showed that both urea NH protons interacted with anions with comparable strength in the case of receptors 2 and 3, but only one of the NHs was effective in anion binding in the case of receptor 1. X-ray analysis of the crystal structure of receptor 1 and 1·NaPF6 complex showed that binding was hampered due to the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Analysis of the crystal structures of 2·NaBr and 3·NaBr complexes revealed that proper mutual orientation of binding domains was responsible for the improved binding of the sodium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jagleniec
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ziach
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kajetan Dąbrowa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Romański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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25
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Gohil H, Chatterjee S, Yadav S, Suresh E, Paital AR. An Ionophore for High Lithium Loading and Selective Capture from Brine. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7209-7219. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hardipsinh Gohil
- Salt and Marine Chemicals Division & Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sobhan Chatterjee
- Salt and Marine Chemicals Division & Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Salt and Marine Chemicals Division & Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Eringathodi Suresh
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok Ranjan Paital
- Salt and Marine Chemicals Division & Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
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Abstract
Cation and anion recognition have both played central roles in the development of supramolecular chemistry. Much of the associated research has focused on the development of receptors for individual cations or anions, as well as their applications in different areas. Rarely is complexation of the counterions considered. In contrast, ion pair recognition chemistry, emerging from cation and anion coordination chemistry, is a specific research field where co-complexation of both anions and cations, so-called ion pairs, is the center of focus. Systems used for the purpose, known as ion pair receptors, are typically di- or polytopic hosts that contain recognition sites for both cations and anions and which permit the concurrent binding of multiple ions. The field of ion pair recognition has blossomed during the past decades. Several smaller reviews on the topic were published roughly 5 years ago. They provided a summary of synthetic progress and detailed the various limiting ion recognition modes displayed by both acyclic and macrocyclic ion pair receptors known at the time. The present review is designed to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the chemistry of macrocycle-based ion pair receptors. We specifically focus on the relationship between structure and ion pair recognition, as well as applications of ion pair receptors in sensor development, cation and anion extraction, ion transport, and logic gate construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Gabriela I Vargas-Zúñiga
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , 660-701 , Korea
| | - Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , 660-701 , Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Institute for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of aza-crown ether–squaramide conjugates as anion/cation symporters. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1091-1106. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Anion/cation symport across cellular membranes may lead to cell apoptosis and be developed as a strategy for new anticancer drug discovery. Methodology: Four aza-crown ether–squaramide conjugates were synthesized and characterized. Their anion recognition, anion/cation symport, cytotoxicity and probable mechanism of action were investigated in details. Conclusion: These conjugates are able to form ion-pairing complexes with chloride anions and facilitate the transmembrane transport of anions via an anion/cation symport process. They can disrupt the cellular homeostasis of chloride anions and sodium cations and induce the basification of acidic organelles in live cells. These conjugates exhibit moderate cytotoxicity toward the tested cancer cells and trigger cell apoptosis by mediating the influx of chloride anions and sodium cations into live cells.
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Kokan Z, Chmielewski MJ. A Photoswitchable Heteroditopic Ion-Pair Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16010-16014. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Kokan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michał J. Chmielewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
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