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Hu J, Xing X, Wang X. Formation of Delocalized Linear M-B-M Covalent Bonds: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of BM 2(CO) 8+ (M = Co, Rh, Ir) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13459-13467. [PMID: 38982873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Investigations of transition-metal boride clusters not only lead to novel structures but also provide important information about the metal-boron bonds that are critical to understanding the properties of boride materials. The geometric structures and bonding features of heteronuclear boron-containing transition metal carbonyl cluster cations BM(CO)6+ and BM2(CO)8+ (M = Co, Rh, and Ir) are studied by a combination of the infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and density functional calculations at B3LYP/def2-TZVP level. The completely coordinated BM2(CO)8+ complexes are characterized as a sandwich structure composed of two staggered M(CO)4 fragments and a boron cation, featuring a D3d symmetry and 1Eg electronic ground state as well as metal-anchored carbonyls in an end-on manner. In conjunction with theoretical calculations, multifold metal-boron-metal bonding interactions in BM2(CO)8+ complexes involving the filled d orbitals of the metals and the empty p orbitals of the boron cation were unveiled, namely, one σ-type M-B-M bond and two π-type M-B-M bonds. Accordingly, the BM2(CO)8+ complexes can be described as a linear conjugated (OC)4M═B═M(CO)4 skeleton with a formal B-M bond index of 1.5. The three delocalized d-p-d covalent bonds render compensation for the electron deficiency of the cationic boron center and endow both metal centers with the favorable 18-electron structure, thus contributing much to the overall structural stability of the BM2(CO)8+ cations. As a comparison, the saturated BRh(CO)6+ and BIr(CO)6+ complexes are determined to be a doublet Cs-symmetry structure with an unbridged (OC)2B-M(CO)4 pattern, involving a two-center σ-type (OC)2B → M(CO)4+ dative single bond along with a weak covalent B-M half bond. This work offers important insight into the structure and bonding of late transition metal boride carbonyl cluster cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Hu J, Xin K, Lin X, Xing X, Wang X. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Mass-Selected Dinuclear Transition Metal Boride Carbonyl Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2049-2057. [PMID: 38471016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The transition-metal-boron bonding interactions and geometric structures of heterodinuclear transition metal carbonyl cluster cations BM(CO)n+ (M = Co, Ni, and Cu) are studied by a combination of the infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/def2-TZVP level. The BCu(CO)5+ and BCo(CO)6+ cations are characterized as an (CO)2B-M(CO)3/4+ structure involving an σ-type (OC)2B → M(CO)3,4+ dative bonding with end-on carbonyls, while for BNi(CO)5,6+ complexes with a bridged carbonyl, a 3c-2e bond involving the 5σ electrons of the bridged carbonyl and an electron-sharing bond between the B(CO)2 fragment and the Ni(CO)2,3+ subunits were revealed. Moreover, the fundamental driving force of the exclusive existence of a bridged carbonyl group in the boron-nickel complexes has been demonstrated to stem from the desire of the B and Ni centers for the favorable 8- and 18-electron structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ke Xin
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Lin
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xing
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Xu B, Beckers H, Ye H, Lu Y, Cheng J, Wang X, Riedel S. Cleavage of the N≡N Triple Bond and Unpredicted Formation of the Cyclic 1,3‐Diaza‐2,4‐Diborete (FB)
2
N
2
from N
2
and Fluoroborylene BF. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Department Shanghai Key lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstrasse 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstrasse 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Haoyu Ye
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Department Shanghai Key lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstrasse 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Juanjuan Cheng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Department Shanghai Key lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Department Shanghai Key lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstrasse 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
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Xu B, Beckers H, Ye H, Lu Y, Cheng J, Wang X, Riedel S. Cleavage of the N≡N Triple Bond and Unpredicted Formation of the Cyclic 1,3-Diaza-2,4-Diborete (FB) 2 N 2 from N 2 and Fluoroborylene BF. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17205-17210. [PMID: 34114317 PMCID: PMC8361949 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A complete cleavage of the triple bond of N2 by fluoroborylene (:BF) was achieved in a low-temperature N2 matrix by the formation of the four-membered heterocycle FB(μ-N)2 BF, which lacks a trans-annular N-N bond. Additionally, the linear complex FB=N-N=BF and cyclic FB(η2 -N2 ) were formed. These novel species were characterized by their matrix infrared spectra and quantum-chemical calculations. The puckered four-membered-ring B2 N2 complex shows a delocalized aromatic two-electron π-system in conjugation with the exo-cyclic fluorine π lone pairs. This work may contribute to a rational design of catalysts based on borylene for artificial dinitrogen activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering DepartmentShanghai Key lab of Chemical Assessment and SustainabilityTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische ChemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstrasse 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische ChemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstrasse 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Haoyu Ye
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering DepartmentShanghai Key lab of Chemical Assessment and SustainabilityTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische ChemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstrasse 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Juanjuan Cheng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering DepartmentShanghai Key lab of Chemical Assessment and SustainabilityTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering DepartmentShanghai Key lab of Chemical Assessment and SustainabilityTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische ChemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstrasse 34–3614195BerlinGermany
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Ye H, Cheng J, Pu Z, Ao B, Xu B. F 2BMF (M = V, Nb, and Ta) and FBMF 2 (M = Nb and Ta): A Combined Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopic and Quantum Chemical Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8192-8200. [PMID: 32902978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Through matrix isolation infrared spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations, the reactions of laser ablated V, Nb, and Ta with boron trifluoride were investigated in excess solid neon at 4 K. The possible reaction products FBMF2, F2BMF, and BMF3 (M = V, Nb, and Ta) were calculated at the B3LYP, BPW91, and CCSD(T) levels of theory. The B-M bond strength in FBMF2 molecules is confirmed by energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals for chemical valence calculations, CASSCF calculation, and natural bond orbital analysis, which favors one σ bond and two half π bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Ye
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Juanjuan Cheng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhen Pu
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, P.R. China
| | - Bingyun Ao
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Xu B, Li W, Pu Z, Yu W, Huang T, Cheng J, Wang X. Matrix infrared spectroscopy of F 2BMF and FB[triple bond, length as m-dash]WF 2 (M = Cr, Mo and W) complexes and quantum chemistry calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25577-25583. [PMID: 31624818 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04888j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Laser-ablated group 6 transition metal atoms react with BF3 to yield typical transition metal inserted complexes F2B-MF (M = Cr, Mo, and W) and terminal borylene complex FB[triple bond, length as m-dash]WF2. These products are investigated by using infrared spectroscopy, isotopic substitution and theoretical frequency calculations. The inserted complexes F2B-MF (M = Cr, Mo, and W) were identified by antisymmetric and symmetric stretching modes of F-B-F. The FB[triple bond, length as m-dash]WF2 molecule has a 11B-F (10B-F) stretching frequency at 1453.2 (1505.0) cm-1 and the triple bond between boron and tungsten is confirmed by EDA-NOCV calculations, CASSCF calculation and NBO analysis. Furthermore, the bonding for tungsten complexes is compared with that of molybdenum and chromium complexes, which reveals interesting differences in their chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Xu B, Li W, Yu W, Pu Z, Tan Z, Cheng J, Wang X, Andrews L. Boron-Transition-Metal Triple-Bond FB≡MF 2 Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13418-13425. [PMID: 31549826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The boron-transition-metal triple-bond complexes FB≡MF2 (M= Ir, Os, Re, W, Ta) were trapped in excess solid neon and argon through metal atom reactions with boron trifluoride and identified by matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The FB≡MF2 molecule features very high 11B-F stretching frequencies at 1586.6 cm-1 (Ir), 1526.6 cm-1 (Os), 1505.5 cm-1 (Re), and 1453.2 cm-1 (W), respectively. The very high strength of B≡M bonds with triple-bonding character is confirmed by EDA-NOCV calculations and the active molecular orbital and NBO analysis. The experimental observation of FB stabilization by heavy transition-metal atoms with triple bonds opens the door to design new boron-transition-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability , Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , China
| | - Wenjing Li
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability , Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability , Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , China
| | - Zhen Pu
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics , Mianyang 621900 , P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyi Tan
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics , Mianyang 621900 , P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Cheng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability , Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability , Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , China
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
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