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Miller-Clark LA, Christ PE, Barbarini BT, Ren T. Bisaryl and Bisalkynyl Diruthenium (III,III) Compounds Based on an Electron-Deficient Building Block. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14871-14879. [PMID: 36082487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a new series of diruthenium(III,III) bisalkynyl and bisaryl diruthenium(III,III) compounds supported with 2-amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridinate (amtfmp). Using Ru2(amtfmp)4Cl2 from a modified preparation, cis 2:2 Ru2(amtfmp)4(C≡CPh)2 (1), cis 2:2 Ru2(amtfmp)4(Ph)2 (2), and 3:1 Ru2(amtfmp)4(Ph)2 (3) were synthesized via a lithium-halogen exchange reaction using LiC2Ph and LiPh, respectively. Compounds 1-3 are all Ru2(III,III) species with a ground-state configuration of π4δ2(π*)4 (S = 0) and were characterized via mass spectrometry, electron absorption and 1H/19F NMR spectroscopies, and voltammetry. The molecular structures of 1-3 were established using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and preliminary density functional theory analysis was performed to elaborate the electronic structures of 1 and 2. Comparisons of the electrochemical properties of 1-3 against the Ru2(amtfmp)4Cl2 starting material reveal cathodic shifts of the Ru27+/6+ oxidation and the Ru26+/5+ and Ru25+/4+ reduction potentials. In comparison to related Ru2(III,III) bisalkynyl and bisaryl compounds, the electrode potentials for 1-3 are anodically shifted up to ca. 0.95 V, highlighting the strong electron-withdrawing nature of the amtfmp ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsy A Miller-Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Peter E Christ
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brian T Barbarini
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Winter RF, Mang A, Linseis M. Synthesis and crystal structures of rhodium acetate paddle‐wheel complexes with anchor group‐functionalized and hydrogen bond‐supported axial ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - André Mang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78464 Konstanz GERMANY
| | - Michael Linseis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78464 Konstanz GERMANY
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Miller-Clark LA, Raghavan A, Clendening RA, Ren T. Phenylene as an efficient mediator for intermetallic electronic coupling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5478-5481. [PMID: 35416215 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00949h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The new compound [(NC)Ru2(ap)4]2(μ-1,4-C6H4) (ap = 2-anilinopyridinate) was prepared to address the open question of whether a 1,4-phenylene bridge can mediate intermetallic electronic coupling. As a manifestation of strong coupling, hole delocalization between the Ru2 centers on the IR time scale (10-14 s) was established using spectroelectrochemistry. An orbital mechanism for coupling was elaborated with DFT analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adharsh Raghavan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
| | - Reese A Clendening
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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Miller-Clark LA, Christ PE, Ren T. Diruthenium aryl compounds - tuning of electrochemical responses and solubility. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:580-586. [PMID: 34904616 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein are the two new series of diruthenium aryl compounds: Ru2(DiMeOap)4(Ar) (1a-6a) (DiMeOap = 2-(3,5-dimethoxyanilino)pyridinate) and Ru2(m-iPrOap)4(Ar) (1b-5b) (m-iPrOap = 2-(3-iso-propoxyanilino)pyridinate), prepared through the lithium-halogen exchange reaction with a variety of aryl halides (Ar = C6H4-4-NMe2 (1), C6H4-4-tBu (2), C6H4-4-OMe (3), C6H3-3,5-(OMe)2 (4), C6H4-4-CF3 (5), C6H5 (6)). The molecular structures of these compounds were established with X-ray diffraction studies. Additionally, these compounds were characterized using electronic absorption and voltammetric techniques. Compounds 1a-6a and 1b-5b are all in the Ru25+ oxidation state, with a ground state configuration of σ2π4δ2(π*δ*)3 (S = 3/2). Use of the modified ap ligands (ap') resulted in moderate increases of product yield when compared to the unsubstituted Ru2(ap)4(Ar) (ap = 2-anilinopyridinate) series. Comparisons of the electrochemical properties of 1a-6a and 1b-5b against the Ru2(ap')Cl starting material reveals the addition of the aryl ligand cathodically shifted the Ru26+/5+ oxidation and Ru25+/4+ reduction potentials. These oxidation and reductions potentials are also strongly dependent on the p-substituent of the axial aryl ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter E Christ
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 4790, USA.
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 4790, USA.
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Taylor MG, Nandy A, Lu CC, Kulik HJ. Deciphering Cryptic Behavior in Bimetallic Transition-Metal Complexes with Machine Learning. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9812-9820. [PMID: 34597514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an alternative, data-driven approach to uncovering structure-property relationships for the rational design of heterobimetallic transition-metal complexes that exhibit metal-metal bonding. We tailor graph-based representations of the metal-local environment for these complexes for use in multiple linear regression and kernel ridge regression (KRR) models. We curate a set of 28 experimentally characterized complexes to develop a multiple linear regression model for oxidation potentials. We achieve good accuracy (mean absolute error of 0.25 V) and preserve transferability to unseen experimental data with a new ligand structure. We also train a KRR model on a subset of 330 structurally characterized heterobimetallics to predict the degree of metal-metal bonding. This KRR model predicts relative metal-metal bond lengths in the test set to within 5%, and analysis of key features reveals the fundamental atomic contributions (e.g., the valence electron configuration) that most strongly influence the behavior of these complexes. Our work provides guidance for rational bimetallic design, suggesting that properties, including the formal shortness ratio, should be transferable from one period to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Taylor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aditya Nandy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Connie C Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Van Caemelbecke E, Phan T, Osterloh WR, Kadish KM. Electrochemistry of metal-metal bonded diruthenium complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Raghavan A, Yuan F, Ren T. Drastic Tuning of the Electronic Structures of Diruthenium Aryl Complexes by Isoelectronic Axial Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8663-8666. [PMID: 32568533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the use of aryls as axial ligands to manipulate reactivity at the distal metal site through metal-metal-ligand interactions in diruthenium paddlewheel complexes. The vacant ruthenium site in Ru2(ap)4(Ar) (1; ap = 2-anilinopyridinate and Ar = C6H4-4-NMe2), thus rendered reactive, is able to bind a series of isoelectronic ligands to afford three complexes of the form (Y)[Ru2(ap)4](Ar) [Y = CN- (2), HC≡C- (3), CO (4)], each of which exhibits a distinct electronic structure. While reactions with anionic ligands subsequently result in oxidation of the diruthenium core from Ru2(II,III) to Ru2(III,III), the reaction with CO yields a rare example of a Ru2(II,III)-COaxial adduct. The latter reaction is particularly interesting in its completely reversible change of the ground state from S = 3/2 in 1 to S = 1/2 in 4, the first of its kind seen in Ru2(II,III) species. In general, this work sheds light on the modulation of the electronic structure of diruthenium paddlewheel complexes using distinct coordination environments around each of the ruthenium centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adharsh Raghavan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Raghavan A, Ren T. Bisaryl Diruthenium(III) Paddlewheel Complexes: Synthesis and Characterization. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adharsh Raghavan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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