1
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Akogun FS, Judd M, Mort AGC, Malthus SJ, Robb MG, Cox N, Brooker S. Complexes of a Noncyclic Carbazole-based N5-donor Schiff base: Structures, Redox, EPR and Poor Activity as Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39225072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A new noncyclic pentadentate N5-donor Schiff-base ligand, HL2Etpyr (1,1'-(3,6-ditert-butyl-9H-carbazole-1,8-diyl)bis(N-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)methanimine)), prepared from 1,8-diformyl-3,6-ditertbutyl-carbazole (HUtBu) and two equivalents of 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine, along with four tetrafluoroborate complexes, [MIIL2Etpyr](BF4), where M = Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, and two [CoIIL2EtPyr]·1/2[CoIIX4] complexes where X = NCS or Cl, isolated as solvates, are reported. All six complexes were structurally characterized, revealing the cations to be isostructural, with M(II) in a trigonal bipyramidal N5-donor environment. Only the Zn(II) complex is fluorescent. Cyclic voltammograms of [MIIL2Etpyr](BF4) in MeCN reveal reversible redox processes at positive potentials: 0.61 (Zn), 0.62 (Cu), 0.57 (Ni), and 0.25 V (Co), and for the cobalt complex a second quasi-reversible process occurs at 0.92 V vs Fc+/Fc. EPR data for the first oxidation product clearly demonstrate that the Zn complex undergoes a ligand centered oxidation, and support this being the case for the Ni and Cu complexes, although this is not definitively shown. After both oxidations the EPR data shows that the Co complex is best described as a low spin Co(III)-ligand radical. In the presence of 80 mM acetic acid, controlled potential electrolysis carried out on [MIIL2Etpyr](BF4) at -1.68 V in MeCN shows some electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance in the order Ni(II) > Cu(II) > Co(II) - but the control, Ni(II) tetrafluoroborate, is more active than all three of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folaranmi S Akogun
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Martyna Judd
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Alexandra G C Mort
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Stuart J Malthus
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Matthew G Robb
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Cox
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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2
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Yao C, Gonçalves TP, Wang X, Luo L, Huang KW. Ligand-Dominated Activation of CO 2 and CS 2 by the Putative Nickel Phosphiniminato Intermediates. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7820-7827. [PMID: 38630579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Room-temperature photoactivation of the first- and second-generation PN3P-pincer nickel azido complexes 1a and 1b in the presence of CO2 or CS2 afforded N-bound carbamates, dithiocarbamates, and isothiocyanates, providing insights into CO2 and CS2 activation and demonstrating how a seemingly small difference in the ligand structure significantly influences the reactivity. Theoretical calculations disclosed that the charge of the phosphorus atom plays a critical role in determining the nitrogen atom transfer to form a plausible nickel phosphiniminato intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Théo P Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiufang Wang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lun Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Pavun A, Niess R, Scheibel LA, Seidl M, Hohloch S. A mesoionic carbene stabilized nickel(II) hydroxide complex: a facile precursor for C-H activation chemistry. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2749-2761. [PMID: 38226674 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03746k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new nickel(II) hydroxide complex 2 supported by a rigid, tridentate triazolylidene-carbazolid ligand. The complex can be accessed in high yields following a simple and stepwise extraction protocol using dichloromethane and aqueous ammonium chloride followed by aqeous sodium hydroxide solution. We found that complex 2 is highly basic, undergoing various deprotonation/desilylation reactions with E-H and C-H acidic and silylated compounds. In this context we synthesized a variety of novel, functionalized nickel(II) complexes with trimethylsilylolate (3), trityl sulfide (4), tosyl amide (5), azido (6), pyridine (7), acetylide (8, 9), fluoroarene (10 & 11) and enolate (12) ligands. We furthermore found that 2 reacts with malonic acid dimethyl ester in a knoevennagel-type condensation reaction, giving access to a new enolate ligand in complex 13, consisting of two malonic acid units. Furthermore, complex 2 reacts with acetonitrile to form the cyanido complex 14. The formation of complexes 13 and 14 is particularly interesting, as they underline the potential of complex 2 in both C-C bond formation and cleavage reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pavun
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Raffael Niess
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lucas A Scheibel
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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4
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Domenianni LI, Bauer M, Schmidt-Räntsch T, Lindner J, Schneider S, Vöhringer P. Photoinduced Metallonitrene Formation by N 2 Elimination from Azide Diradical Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309618. [PMID: 37549374 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal nitrides/nitrenes are highly promising reagents for catalytic nitrogen-atom-transfer reactivity. They are typically prepared in situ upon optically induced N2 elimination from azido precursors. A full exploitation of their catalytic potential, however, requires in-depth knowledge of the primary photo-induced processes and the structural/electronic factors mediating the N2 loss with birth of the terminal metal-nitrogen core. Using femtosecond infrared spectroscopy, we elucidate here the primary molecular-level mechanisms responsible for the formation of a unique platinum(II) nitrene with a triplet ground state from a closed-shell platinum(II) azide precursor. The spectroscopic data in combination with quantum-chemical calculations provide compelling evidence that product formation requires the initial occupation of a singlet excited state with an anionic azide diradical ligand that is bound to a low-spin d8 -configured PtII ion. Subsequent intersystem crossing generates the Pt-bound triplet azide diradical, which smoothly evolves into the triplet nitrene via N2 loss in a near barrierless adiabatic dissociation. Our data highlight the importance of the productive, N2 -releasing state possessing azide ππ* character as a design principle for accessing efficient N-atom-transfer catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis I Domenianni
- Clausius-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Bauer
- Clausius-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Till Schmidt-Räntsch
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Lindner
- Clausius-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Clausius-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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5
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Gajecki L, Sawicka B, Berg DJ, Oliver AG. Synthesis and Magnetic Studies of Two Neutral, Bis-Ligand Fe(II) Complexes Containing Carbazole- Bis(tetrazole) Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37478316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Previously reported carbazole-bis(tetrazole) (CzTR) ligands (where R = iPr and CH2-2,4,6-C6H2Me3) were used to synthesize air-stable, six-coordinate, octahedral bis-ligand Fe(II) complexes (CzTR)2Fe. The synthesis and characterization of these complexes using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray crystallography, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are reported. Analysis of the magnetic properties revealed that the isopropyl derivative displays thermally induced spin crossover (SCO) over a temperature range of 150-350 K. This transition appears as an abrupt two-step transition in the solid state but simplifies to a smooth one-step transition in solution. The two-step transition in the solid state has been postulated to be due to lattice and solvation effects. In contrast, the slightly bulkier substituted CH2-2,4,6-C6H2Me3 (CH2Mes) Fe complex displays dramatically different magnetic behavior with no SCO and magnetic data suggesting low-spin Fe(II) with a possible TIP contribution. DFT calculations support the postulate that the change in magnetic behavior is primarily due to the nature of the ligand substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Gajecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3V6
| | - Barbara Sawicka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
| | - David J Berg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3V6
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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6
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Huang XK, Li LP, Zhou HY, Xiong MF, Fan JY, Ye BH. Switching the Photoreactions of Ir(III) Diamine Complexes between C-N Coupling and Dehydrogenation under Visible Light Irradiation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20834-20847. [PMID: 36520143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The selective photoreactions under mild conditions play an important role in synthetic chemistry. Herein, efficient and mild protocols for switching the photoreactions of Ir(III)-diamine complexes between the interligand C-N coupling and dehydrogenation are developed in the presence of O2 in EtOH solution. The photoreactions of achiral diamine complexes rac-[Ir(L)2(dm)](PF6) (L is 2-phenylquinoline or 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)quinoline, dm is 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminopropane, 2-methyl-1,2-diamino-propane, or N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine) are competitive in the oxidative C-N coupling and dehydrogenation at room temperature, which can be switched into the interligand C-N coupling reaction at 60 °C, affording hexadentate complexes in good to excellent yields, or the dehydrogenative reaction in the presence of a catalytic amount of TEMPO as an additive, affording imine complexes. Mechanism studies reveal that 1O2 is the major reactive oxygen species, and metal aminyl is the key intermediate in the formation of the oxidative C-N coupling and imine products in the photoreaction processes. These will provide a new and practical protocol for the synthesis of multidentate and imine ligands in situ via the postcoordinated strategy under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Ping Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Yun Zhou
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Feng Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Yan Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong, China
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7
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Schmidt‐Räntsch T, Verplancke H, Lienert JN, Demeshko S, Otte M, Van Trieste GP, Reid KA, Reibenspies JH, Powers DC, Holthausen MC, Schneider S. Nitrogen Atom Transfer Catalysis by Metallonitrene C-H Insertion: Photocatalytic Amidation of Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115626. [PMID: 34905281 PMCID: PMC9305406 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
C-H amination and amidation by catalytic nitrene transfer are well-established and typically proceed via electrophilic attack of nitrenoid intermediates. In contrast, the insertion of (formal) terminal nitride ligands into C-H bonds is much less developed and catalytic nitrogen atom transfer remains unknown. We here report the synthesis of a formal terminal nitride complex of palladium. Photocrystallographic, magnetic, and computational characterization support the assignment as an authentic metallonitrene (Pd-N) with a diradical nitrogen ligand that is singly bonded to PdII . Despite the subvalent nitrene character, selective C-H insertion with aldehydes follows nucleophilic selectivity. Transamidation of the benzamide product is enabled by reaction with N3 SiMe3 . Based on these results, a photocatalytic protocol for aldehyde C-H trimethylsilylamidation was developed that exhibits inverted, nucleophilic selectivity as compared to typical nitrene transfer catalysis. This first example of catalytic C-H nitrogen atom transfer offers facile access to primary amides after deprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Schmidt‐Räntsch
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Hendrik Verplancke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieGoethe-UniversitätMax-von-Laue-Straße 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Jonas N. Lienert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieGoethe-UniversitätMax-von-Laue-Straße 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Matthias Otte
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | | | - Kaleb A. Reid
- Department of ChemistryTexas A&M University3255 TAMUCollege StationTX 77843USA
| | | | - David C. Powers
- Department of ChemistryTexas A&M University3255 TAMUCollege StationTX 77843USA
| | - Max C. Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieGoethe-UniversitätMax-von-Laue-Straße 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
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8
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Schmidt‐Räntsch T, Verplancke H, Lienert JN, Demeshko S, Otte M, Van Trieste GP, Reid KA, Reibenspies JH, Powers DC, Holthausen MC, Schneider S. Nitrogen Atom Transfer Catalysis by Metallonitrene C−H Insertion: Photocatalytic Amidation of Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Schmidt‐Räntsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Hendrik Verplancke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Goethe-Universität Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jonas N. Lienert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Goethe-Universität Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Matthias Otte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Kaleb A. Reid
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | | | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Max C. Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Goethe-Universität Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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9
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Lugosan A, Todtz SR, Alcázar A, Zeller M, Devery JJ, Lee WT. Synthesis and characterization of trigonal bipyramidal Fe III complexes and their solution behavior. Polyhedron 2021; 208. [PMID: 34566234 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of air-stable trigonal bipyramidal FeIII complexes supported by a redox non-innocent NNN pincer ligand, Cz tBu(PyrR)2 - (R = iPr, Me, or H), were synthesized, fully characterized, and utilized for the investigation of the interaction between acetone and the FeIII center. The magnetic moments determined from the paramagnetic 1H NMR spectra in conjunction with EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy indicate the presence of a high-spin ferric center. Cyclic voltammetry studies feature two quasi-reversible events corresponding to a metal-centered FeIII/II reduction around -0.40 V (vs. Fc) and a ligand-centered Cz tBu(PyrR)2/Cz tBu(PyrR)2 •+ oxidation at potentials near +0.70 V (vs. Fc). UV-Visible spectroscopy in CH2Cl2 showcases ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT) bands, as well as coordination of acetone to Cz tBu(PyrH)2FeCl2. In situ IR spectroscopy and solution conductivity (κ) measurements of Cz tBu(PyrR)2FeCl2 with varied equivalents of acetone reveal that acetone is weakly associated with the iron center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lugosan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Sophi R Todtz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Andrew Alcázar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, X-ray Crystallography, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - James J Devery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Wei-Tsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
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10
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Chen X, Yao S, Li L, Ye B. Diastereoselective Photoreaction of Ir(
III
) Amine Complexes for Generation of New Multidentate Ligands
in situ
via a Postcoordinated
Interligand‐Coupling
Strategy. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Yang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510275 China
| | - Su‐Yang Yao
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong University of Education Guangzhou Guangdong 510303 China
| | - Li‐Ping Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510275 China
| | - Bao‐Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510275 China
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11
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Alamo DC, Cundari TR. DFT and TDDFT Study of the Reaction Pathway for Double Intramolecular C-H Activation and Functionalization by Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel-Nitridyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12299-12308. [PMID: 34344154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous work was successful in synthesizing a nickel amine, [CztBu(PyriPr)(NH2-PyriPr)], by double C-H activation and functionalization via irradiating a disphenoidal Ni(II) azido complex, [CztBu(PyriPr)2NiN3]. The present work seeks to expand upon the earlier research and to substitute the metal with iron or cobalt. Density functional theory (DFT)-B3LYP/6-31+G(d') and APFD/Def2TZVP-was used to simulate the generation of an intermediate with significant nitridyl radical character after the loss of N2 from the starting azido complex. DFT and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) were also used to propose a detailed pathway comprised of intermediates of low, intermediate, or high spin multiplicity and photogenerated excited states for the reaction of the azido complex, [CztBu(PyriPr)2MN3], to form the amine complex [CztBu(PyriPr)M(NH2-PyriPr)], M = Co, Ni, or Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domllermut C Alamo
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, 115 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, 115 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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12
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Spentzos AZ, Tomson NC. Mapping the Reactivity of Dicobalt Bridging Nitrides in Constrained Geometries. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6889-6899. [PMID: 33688727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low-nuclearity nitrides of the late transition metals are rare and reactive molecular species, with little experimental precedent. The first putative examples of dicobalt bridging nitrides, [(nPDI2)Co2(μ-N)(PMe3)2][OTf]3 (n[Co2N]3+; PDI = pyridyldiimine; n = 2 or 3, representing the length of the aliphatic chain linking PDI imino groups), were reported recently and shown to undergo a range of intramolecular reaction pathways, including N-H bond formation, C-H bond insertion, and P═N bond formation at the bridging nitride. The specific mode of reactivity changed with the phase of the reaction and the size of the macrocycle used to support the transient species. The present contribution offers a computational investigation into both the geometric and electronic structures of these nitrides as well as the factors governing their reaction selectivity. The compounds n[Co2N]3+ exhibit μ-N-based lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) that are consistent with subvalent, electrophilic nitrides. The specific orientations of the LUMOs induce ring-size-dependent stereoelectronic effects, thereby causing the product selectivity observed experimentally. Notably, the nitrides also exhibit a degree of nucleophilicity at μ-N by way of a high-energy, μ-N-based lone pair. This ambiphilic character appears to be a direct result of the constrained environment imposed by the folded-ligand geometries of n[Co2N]3+. When combined with the experimental findings, these data led to the conclusion that the folded-ligand isomers are the reactive species and that the constrained geometry imposed by the macrocyclic ligand plays an important role in controlling the reaction outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Z Spentzos
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Neil C Tomson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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13
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Xiong MF, Peng HL, Zhang XP, Ye BH. Discrepancy between Proline and Homoproline in Chiral Recognition and Diastereomeric Photoreactivity with Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5423-5431. [PMID: 33818063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chiral-recognition processes of homoproline (hpro) and [Ir(pq)2(MeCN)2](PF6) (pq is 2-phenylquinoline; MeCN is acetonitrile) are investigated, in favor of formation of the thermodynamically stable diastereomers Λ-[Ir(pq)2(d-hpro)] and Δ-[Ir(pq)2(l-hpro)]. Moreover, the diastereoselective photoreactions of Δ-[Ir(pq)2(d-hpro)] and Δ-[Ir(pq)2(l-hpro)] are reported in the presence of O2 at room temperature. Diastereomer Δ-[Ir(pq)2(l-hpro)] is dehydrogenatively oxidized into imino acid complex Δ-[Ir(pq)2(hpro-2H2)] (hpro-2H2 is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropicalinate), while diastereomer Δ-[Ir(pq)2(d-hpro)] occurs by interligand C-N cross-coupling and dehydrogenative oxidation reactions, affording three products: Δ-[Ir(pq)(d-pqh)] [pqh is N-(2-phenylquinolin-8-yl)homoproline], Δ-[Ir(pq)2(hpro-2H2)], and Δ-[Ir(pq)2(d-hpro-2H6)] [hpro-2H6 is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropicalinate]. The C-N cross-coupling and dehydrogenative oxidation reactions are competitive, and the dehydrogenative oxidation reactions are regioselective. By optimization of the photoreaction parameters such as the diastereomeric substrate, solvent, and temperature as well as base, each possible competitive product is selectively controlled. In addition, density functional theory calculations are performed to elucidate the distinctly chiral recognition between proline and hpro with an iridium(III) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - He-Long Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shananxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
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Samanta S, Zheng C, Gajecki L, Berg DJ, Oliver AG, Crosby T, Godin L, Sandhu J. Carbazolyl- bis(triazole) and Carbazolyl- bis(tetrazole) Complexes of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II). J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1882674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samya Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Cameron Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Leah Gajecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - David J. Berg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Tristan Crosby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Logan Godin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jaylene Sandhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Ehret F, Filippou V, Blickle S, Bubrin M, Záliš S, Kaim W. Structural and Oxidation State Alternatives in Platinum and Palladium Complexes of a Redox-Active Amidinato Ligand. Chemistry 2021; 27:3374-3381. [PMID: 32959415 PMCID: PMC7986709 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [Pt(DMSO)2 Cl2 ] or [Pd(MeCN)2 Cl2 ] with the electron-rich LH=N,N'-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethanimidamide yielded mononuclear [PtL2 ] (1) but dinuclear [Pd2 L4 ] (2), a paddle-wheel complex. The neutral compounds were characterized through experiments (crystal structures, electrochemistry, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, magnetic resonance) and TD-DFT calculations as metal(II) species with noninnocent ligands L- . The reversibly accessible cations [PtL2 ]+ and [Pd2 L4 ]+ were also studied, the latter as [Pd2 L4 ][B{3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 }4 ] single crystals. Experimental and computational investigations were directed at the elucidation of the electronic structures, establishing the correct oxidation states within the alternatives [PtII (L- )2 ] or [Pt. (L )2 ], [PtII (L0.5- )2 ]+ or [PtIII (L- )2 ]+ , [(PdII )2 (μ-L- )4 ] or [(Pd1.5 )2 (μ-L0.75- )4 ], and [(Pd2.5 )2 (μ-L- )4 ]+ or [(PdII )2 (μ-L0.75- )4 ]+ . In each case, the first alternative was shown to be most appropriate. Remarkable results include the preference of platinum for mononuclear planar [PtL2 ] with an N-Pt-N bite angle of 62.8(2)° in contrast to [Pd2 L4 ], and the dimetal (Pd2 4+ →Pd2 5+ ) instead of ligand (L- →L ) oxidation of the dinuclear palladium compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ehret
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vasileios Filippou
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Svenja Blickle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martina Bubrin
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
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Zucca A, Pilo MI. Rollover Cyclometalation as a Valuable Tool for Regioselective C-H Bond Activation and Functionalization. Molecules 2021; 26:E328. [PMID: 33435257 PMCID: PMC7827749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rollover cyclometalation constitutes a particular case of cyclometallation reaction. This reaction occurs when a chelated heterocyclic ligand loses its bidentate coordination mode and undergoes an internal rotation, after which a remote C-H bond is regioselectively activated, affording an uncommon cyclometalated complex, called "rollover cyclometalated complex". The key of the process is the internal rotation of the ligand, which occurs before the C-H bond activation and releases from coordination a donor atom. The new "rollover" ligand has peculiar properties, being a ligand with multiple personalities, no more a spectator in the reactivity of the complex. The main reason of this peculiarity is the presence of an uncoordinated donor atom (the one initially involved in the chelation), able to promote a series of reactions not available for classic cyclometalated complexes. The rollover reaction is highly regioselective, because the activated C-H bond is usually in a symmetric position with respect to the donor atom which detaches from the metal stating the rollover process. Due to this novel behavior, a series of potential applications have appeared in the literature, in fields such as catalysis, organic synthesis, and advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zucca
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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Peng HL, Li Y, Chen XY, Li LP, Ke Z, Ye BH. Visible-Light-Induced Amination of Quinoline at the C8 Position via a Postcoordinated Interligand-Coupling Strategy under Mild Conditions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:908-918. [PMID: 33393292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The postcoordinated interligand-coupling strategy provides a useful and complementary protocol for synthesizing polydentate ligands. Herein, diastereoselective photoreactions of Λ-[Ir(pq)2(d-AA)] (Λ-d) and Λ-[Ir(pq)2(l-AA)] (Λ-l, where pq is 2-phenylquinoline and AA is an amino acid) are reported in the presence of O2 under mild conditions. Diastereomer Λ-d is dehydrogenatively oxidized into an imino acid complex, while diastereomer Λ-l mainly occurs via interligand C-N cross-dehydrogenative coupling between quinoline at the C8 position and AA ligands at room temperature, affording Λ-[Ir(pq)(l-pq-AA)]. Furthermore, the photoreaction of diastereomer Λ-l is temperature-dependent. Mechanistic experiments reveal the ligand-radical intermediates may be involved in the reaction. Density functional theory calculations were used to eluciate the origin of diastereoselectivity and temperature dependence. This will provide a new protocol for the amination of quinoline at the C8 position via the postcoordinated interligand C-N cross-coupling strategy under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Long Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinwu Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing-Yang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Ping Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
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Recent progress on group 10 metal complexes of pincer ligands: From synthesis to activities and catalysis. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang S, Cui P, Liu T, Wang Q, Longo TJ, Thierer LM, Manor BC, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Papaefthymiou GC, Tomson NC. N-H Bond Formation at a Diiron Bridging Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15215-15219. [PMID: 32441448 PMCID: PMC7680347 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite their connection to ammonia synthesis, little is known about the ability of iron-bound, bridging nitrides to form N-H bonds. Herein we report a linear diiron bridging nitride complex supported by a redox-active macrocycle. The unique ability of the ligand scaffold to adapt to the geometric preference of the bridging species was found to facilitate the formation of N-H bonds via proton-coupled electron transfer to generate a μ-amide product. The structurally analogous μ-silyl- and μ-borylamide complexes were shown to form from the net insertion of the nitride into the E-H bonds (E=B, Si). Protonation of the parent bridging amide produced ammonia in high yield, and treatment of the nitride with PhSH was found to liberate NH3 in high yield through a reaction that engages the redox-activity of the ligand during PCET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peng Cui
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tianchang Liu
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qiuran Wang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas J Longo
- Department of Physics, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Laura M Thierer
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brian C Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Neil C Tomson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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20
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Zhang S, Cui P, Liu T, Wang Q, Longo TJ, Thierer LM, Manor BC, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Papaefthymiou GC, Tomson NC. N−H Bond Formation at a Diiron Bridging Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Peng Cui
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Tianchang Liu
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Qiuran Wang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Thomas J. Longo
- Department of Physics Villanova University Villanova PA 19085 USA
| | - Laura M. Thierer
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Brian C. Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Michael R. Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Neil C. Tomson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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21
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A platinum(ii) metallonitrene with a triplet ground state. Nat Chem 2020; 12:1054-1059. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Najafian A, Cundari TR. Effect of Appended S-Block Metal Ion Crown Ethers on Redox Properties and Catalytic Activity of Mn–Nitride Schiff Base Complexes: Methane Activation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12254-12263. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Najafian
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, no. 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, no. 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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