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Wu W, He T, Zhang X, Xie LH, Si GR, Xie Y, Li JR. Rare-Earth Metal-Organic Framework with Nonplanar Porphyrin Groups for High-Efficiency Photocatalysis. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7412-7421. [PMID: 38600810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Nonplanar porphyrins play crucial roles in many biological processes and chemical reactions as catalysts. However, the preparation of artificial nonplanar porphyrins suffers from complicated organic syntheses. Herein, we present a new rare-earth porphyrinic metal-organic framework (RE-PMOF), BUT-233, which is a three-dimensional (3D) framework structure with the flu topology consisting of 4-connected BBCPPP-Ph ligands H4BBCPPP-Ph = 5',5⁗-(10,20-diphenylporphyrin-5,15-diyl)bis([1,1':3',1″-terphenyl]-4,4'' dicarboxylic acid) and 8-connected Eu6 clusters. Noteworthily, the porphyrin cores of the BBCPPP-Ph ligands in BUT-233 are nonplanar with a ruffle-like conformation. In contrast, the porphyrin core in the free ligand H4BBCPPP-Ph is in a nearly ideally planar conformation, as confirmed by its single-crystal structure. BUT-233 is microporous with 6-8 Å pores and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 649 m2/g, as well as high stability in common solvents. The MOF was used as a photocatalyst for the oxidation degradation of a chemical warfare agent model molecule CEES (CEES = 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide) under the light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation and an O2 atmosphere at room temperature. CEES was almost completely converted into its nontoxic light-oxidized product CEESO (CEESO = 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfoxide) in only 5 min with t1/2 = 2 min (t1/2: half-life). Moreover, the toxic deep-oxidized product 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfone (CEESO2) was not detected. The catalytic activity of BUT-233 was high in comparison with those of some previously reported MOF catalysts. The results of photo/electrochemical property studies suggested that the high catalytic activity of BUT-233 was benefited from the presence of nonplanar porphyrin rings on its pore surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Tao He
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Hua Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Rui Si
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yabo Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
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Ishizuka T, Grover N, Kingsbury CJ, Kotani H, Senge MO, Kojima T. Nonplanar porphyrins: synthesis, properties, and unique functionalities. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7560-7630. [PMID: 35959748 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00391k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins are variously substituted tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, with wide-ranging biological and chemical applications derived from metal chelation in the core and the 18π aromatic surface. Under suitable conditions, the porphyrin framework can deform significantly from regular planar shape, owing to steric overload on the porphyrin periphery or steric repulsion in the core, among other structure modulation strategies. Adopting this nonplanar porphyrin architecture allows guest molecules to interact directly with an exposed core, with guest-responsive and photoactive electronic states of the porphyrin allowing energy, information, atom and electron transfer within and between these species. This functionality can be incorporated and tuned by decoration of functional groups and electronic modifications, with individual deformation profiles adapted to specific key sensing and catalysis applications. Nonplanar porphyrins are assisting breakthroughs in molecular recognition, organo- and photoredox catalysis; simultaneously bio-inspired and distinctly synthetic, these molecules offer a new dimension in shape-responsive host-guest chemistry. In this review, we have summarized the synthetic methods and design aspects of nonplanar porphyrin formation, key properties, structure and functionality of the nonplanar aromatic framework, and the scope and utility of this emerging class towards outstanding scientific, industrial and environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Nitika Grover
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christopher J Kingsbury
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Focus Group - Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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Xue SS, Pan Y, Pan W, Liu S, Li N, Tang B. Bioimaging agents based on redox-active transition metal complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9468-9484. [PMID: 36091899 PMCID: PMC9400682 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02587f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting the fluctuation and distribution of various bioactive species in biological systems is of great importance in determining diseases at their early stages. Metal complex-based probes have attracted considerable attention in bioimaging applications owing to their unique advantages, such as high luminescence, good photostability, large Stokes shifts, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility. In this review, we summarized the development of redox-active transition metal complex-based probes in recent five years with the metal ions of iron, manganese, and copper, which play essential roles in life and can avoid the introduction of exogenous metals into biological systems. The designing principles that afford these complexes with optical or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging properties are elucidated. The applications of the complexes for bioimaging applications of different bioactive species are demonstrated. The current challenges and potential future directions of these probes for applications in biological systems are also discussed. This review summarizes transition metal complexes as bioimaging agents in optical and magnetic resonance imaging.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Xue
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yingbo Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Shujie Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
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Murphy RB, Johnston MR. A temperature switchable pyridyl-zinc(II) side arm porphyrin with functionality for surface immobilisation. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A pyridyl side arm porphyrin incorporating C[Formula: see text] alkyl chains at the periphery of the porphyrin suitable for surface immobilisation on HOPG has been synthesised and tested for two state switching in solution. Temperature switching, involving reversible complexation of a covalently appended pyridyl side arm to the Zn(II) porphyrin, was comprehensively characterised by using variable temperature 1H NMR (-30 to +100[Formula: see text]C) and UV-vis (10 to 90[Formula: see text]C) in toluene. Molecular modelling assisted in understanding strain within the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys B. Murphy
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia
- Current address: Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Martin R. Johnston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, P. R. China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, P. R. China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, P. R. China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, P. R. China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, P. R. China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, P. R. China
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Ludwig J, Helberg J, Zipse H, Herges R. Azo-dimethylaminopyridine-functionalized Ni(II)-porphyrin as a photoswitchable nucleophilic catalyst. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2119-2126. [PMID: 32952728 PMCID: PMC7476594 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the synthesis and the photochemical and catalytic switching properties of an azopyridine as a photoswitchable ligand, covalently attached to a Ni(II)-porphyrin. Upon irradiation with 530 nm (green light), the azopyridine switches to the cis configuration and coordinates with the Ni2+ ion. Light of 435 nm (violet) isomerizes the ligand back to the trans configuration, which decoordinates for steric reasons. This so-called record player design has been used previously to switch the spin state of Ni2+ between singlet and triplet. We now use the coordination/decoordination process to switch the catalytic activity of the dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) unit. DMAP is a known catalyst in the nitroaldol (Henry) reaction. Upon coordination to the Ni2+ ion, the basicity of the pyridine lone pair is attenuated and hence the catalytic activity is reduced. Decoordination restores the catalytic activity. The rate constants in the two switching states differ by a factor of 2.2, and the catalytic switching is reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Ludwig
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, Kiel D-24098, Germany
| | - Julian Helberg
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Butenandtstrasse 5–13, 81377 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Butenandtstrasse 5–13, 81377 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, Kiel D-24098, Germany
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8
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Photoinduced Mo−CN Bond Breakage in Octacyanomolybdate Leading to Spin Triplet Trapping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Qi X, Pillet S, de Graaf C, Magott M, Bendeif EE, Guionneau P, Rouzières M, Marvaud V, Stefańczyk O, Pinkowicz D, Mathonière C. Photoinduced Mo-CN Bond Breakage in Octacyanomolybdate Leading to Spin Triplet Trapping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3117-3121. [PMID: 31793123 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced properties of the octacoordinated complex K4 MoIV (CN)8 ⋅2 H2 O were studied by theoretical calculations, crystallography, and optical and magnetic measurements. The crystal structure recorded at 10 K after blue light irradiation reveals an heptacoordinated Mo(CN)7 species originating from the light-induced cleavage of one Mo-CN bond, concomitant with the photoinduced formation of a paramagnetic signal. When this complex is heated to 70 K, it returns to its original diamagnetic ground state, demonstrating full reversibility. The photomagnetic properties show a partial conversion into a triplet state possessing significant magnetic anisotropy, which is in agreement with theoretical studies. Inspired by these results, we isolated the new compound [K(crypt-222)]3 [MoIV (CN)7 ]⋅3 CH3 CN using a photochemical pathway, confirming that photodissociation leads to a stable heptacyanomolybdate(IV) species in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Qi
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Sébastien Pillet
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, Nancy, 54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Marcellí Domingo 1, Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Michał Magott
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - El-Eulmi Bendeif
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, Nancy, 54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Guionneau
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | | | - Valérie Marvaud
- Sorbonne Université, IPCM-CNRS-UMR-8232, cc 229, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Olaf Stefańczyk
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600, Pessac, France.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Dawid Pinkowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Corine Mathonière
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600, Pessac, France
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Dommaschk M, Gröbner J, Wellm V, Hövener JB, Riedel C, Herges R. Dendronised Ni(ii) porphyrins as photoswitchable contrast agents for MRI. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24296-24299. [PMID: 31686082 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Light-responsive contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on Ni(ii) porphyrin molecular spin switches have recently been introduced. We present their implementation in water and methanol based gels leading to the first soft materials that are rewritable with light and readable with MRI. Light of two different wavelengths as non-invasive stimuli can be applied to switch MRI contrast on and off, with a high spatiotemporal resolution and without fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Dommaschk
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Otto Hahn Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Goswami A, Saha S, Biswas PK, Schmittel M. (Nano)mechanical Motion Triggered by Metal Coordination: from Functional Devices to Networked Multicomponent Catalytic Machinery. Chem Rev 2019; 120:125-199. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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Peters MK, Näther C, Herges R. Crystal structure of 2 10,2 20-bis-(2,6-di-chloro-phen-yl)-4,7,12,15-tetra-oxa-2(5,15)-nickel(II)porpyhrina-1,3(1,2)-dibenzena-cyclo-hepta-deca-phane-9-yne di-chloro-methane monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:925-929. [PMID: 31391996 PMCID: PMC6658935 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019007527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ni(C52H34Cl4N4O4)]·CH2Cl2, consists of two discrete complexes, which show significant differences in the conformation of the side chain. Each NiII cation is coordinated by four nitro-gen atoms of a porphyrin mol-ecule within a square-planar coordination environment. Weak intra-molecular C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯O inter-actions stabilize the mol-ecular conformation. In the crystal structure, discrete complexes are linked by C-H⋯Cl hydrogen-bonding inter-actions. In addition, the two unique di-chloro-methane solvate mol-ecules (one being disordered) are hydrogen-bonded to the Cl atoms of the chloro-phenyl groups of the porphyrin mol-ecules, thus stabilizing the three-dimensional arrangement. The crystal exhibits pseudo-ortho-rhom-bic metrics, but structure refinements clearly show that the crystal system is monoclinic and that the crystal is twinned by pseudo-merohedry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten K. Peters
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Max-Eyth Str. 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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