1
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Kumar P, Khirid S, Jangid DK, Nishad CS, Chauhan P, Kumari P, Meena S, Bose SK, Kumar A, Banerjee B, Dhayal RS. Dithiophosphonate-Protected Eight-Electron Superatomic Ag 21 Nanocluster: Synthesis, Isomerism, Luminescence, and Catalytic Activity. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13724-13737. [PMID: 38970493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The structure-property relationship considering isomerism-tuned photoluminescence and efficient catalytic activity of silver nanoclusters (NCs) is exclusive. Asymmetrical dithiophosphonate NH4[S2P(OR)(p-C6H4OCH3)] ligated first atomically precise silver NCs [Ag21{S2P(OR)(p-C6H4OCH3)}12]PF6 {where, R = nPr (1), Et (2)} were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, NMR (31P, 1H, 2H), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-visible, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, etc. NCs 1 and 2 consist of eight silver atoms in a cubic framework and enclose an Ag@Ag12-centered icosahedron to constitute an Ag21 core of Th symmetry, which is concentrically inscribed within the S24 snub-cube, P12 cuboctahedron, and the O12 truncated tetrahedron formed by 12 dithiophosphonate ligands. These NCs facilitate to be an eight-electron superatom (1S21P6), in which eight capping Ag atoms exhibit structural isomerism with documented isoelectronic [Ag21{S2P(OiPr)2}12]PF6, 3. In contrast to 3, the stapling of dithiophosphonates in 1 and 2 triggered bluish emission within the 400 to 500 nm region at room temperature. The density functional theory study rationalized isomerization and optical properties of 1, 2, and 3. Both (1, and 2) clusters catalyzed a decarboxylative acylarylation reaction for rapid oxindole synthesis in 99% yield under ambient conditions and proposed a multistep reaction pathway. Ultimately, this study links nanostructures to their physical and catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Samreet Khirid
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Jangid
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | | | - Poonam Chauhan
- Department of Physics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Priti Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Sangeeta Meena
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain (Deemed-to-be-University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Physics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Biplab Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Rajendra S Dhayal
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
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2
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Jangid DK, Dastider SG, Biswas R, Khirid S, Meena S, Kumar P, Sahoo SC, Verma VP, Makde RD, Kumar A, Jangir R, Mondal K, Haldar KK, Dhayal RS. Dithiophosphonate Anchored Heterometallic (Ag(I)/Fe(II)) Molecular Catalysts for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13342-13354. [PMID: 35959970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dichalcogenide ligated molecules in catalysis to produce molecular hydrogen through electroreduction of water are rarely explored. Here, a series of heterometallic [Ag4(S2PFc(OR)4] [where Fc = Fe(η5-C5H4)(η5-C5H5), R = Me, 1; Et, 2; nPr, 3; isoAmyl, 4] clusters were synthesized and characterized by IR, absorption spectroscopy, NMR (1H, 31P), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of 1, 2, and 3 clusters were established by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. The structural elucidation shows that each triangular face of a tetrahedral silver(I) core is capped by a ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate ligand in a trimetallic triconnective (η3; μ2, μ1) pattern. A comparative electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction of 1-5 (R = iPr, 5) was studied in order to demonstrate the potential of these clusters in water splitting activity. The experimental results reveal that catalytic performance decreases with increases in the length of the carbon chain and branching within the alkoxy (-OR) group of these clusters. Catalytic durability was found effective even after 8 h of a chronoamperometric stability test along with 1500 cycles of linear sweep voltammetry performance, and only 15 mV overpotential was increased at 5 mA/cm2 current density for cluster 1. A catalytic mechanism was proposed by applying density functional theory (DFT) on clusters 1 and 2 as a representative. Here, a μ1 coordinated S-site between Ag4 core and ligand was found a reaction center. The experimental results are also in good accordance with the DFT analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Jangid
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Saptarshi G Dastider
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India.,Department of Physics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | | | - Samreet Khirid
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Sangeeta Meena
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Subash C Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai-Jodhpuriya Road, Vanasthali 304022, India
| | - Ravindra D Makde
- Beamline of Protein Crystallography, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advance Technology, Indore 452013, M.P., India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Beamline of Protein Crystallography, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advance Technology, Indore 452013, M.P., India
| | - Ravindra Jangir
- Beamline of Protein Crystallography, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advance Technology, Indore 452013, M.P., India
| | | | | | - Rajendra S Dhayal
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
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3
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Bulat E, Sağlam EG, Zeyrek CT, Akkoç S, Zorlu Y, Dal H. Ni(II) complexes with 1,3,2,4‐dithiadiphosphetane 2,4‐disulfide‐based ligands: Structural insights, theoretical studies, and anticancer activities. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bulat
- Department of Chemistry Yozgat Bozok University Yozgat Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Marmara University İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Gazi Sağlam
- Department of Chemistry Yozgat Bozok University Yozgat Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Marmara University İstanbul Turkey
| | - Celal Tuğrul Zeyrek
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques Çankırı Karatekin University Çankırı Turkey
| | - Senem Akkoç
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Science Süleyman Demirel University Isparta Turkey
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Science Bahcesehir University İstanbul Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry Gebze Technical University Gebze Turkey
| | - Hakan Dal
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques Anadolu University Eskişehir Turkey
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4
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Finko AV, Sokolov AI, Guk DA, Tafeenko VA, Moiseeva AA, Skvortsov DA, Stomakhin AA, Beloglazkin AA, Borisov RS, Pergushov VI, Melnikov MY, Zyk NV, Majouga AG, Beloglazkina EK. Copper coordination compounds with (5 Z,5 Z')-2,2'-(alkane-α,ω-diyldiselenyl)-bis-5-(2-pyridylmethylene)-3,5-dihydro-4 H-imidazol-4-ones. Comparison with sulfur analogue. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7133-7148. [PMID: 35424664 PMCID: PMC8982280 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08995a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new organic ligands (5Z,5Z')-2,2'-(alkane-α,ω-diyldiselenyl)-bis-5-(2-pyridylmethylene)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-ones (L) consisting of two 5-(2-pyridylmethylene)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one units linked with polymethylene chains of various lengths (n = 2-10, where n is the number of CH2 units) have been synthesized. The reactions of these ligands with CuCl2·2H2O and CuClO4·6H2O gave Cu2+ or Cu1+ containing mono- and binuclear complexes with Cu2LCl x (x = 2-4) or CuL(ClO4) y (y = 1, 2) composition. It was shown that the agents reducing Cu2+ to Cu1+ in the course of complex formation can be both a ligand and an organic solvent in which the reaction is carried out. This fundamentally distinguishes the selenium-containing ligands L from their previously described sulfur analogs, which by themselves are not capable of reducing Cu2+ during complexation under the same conditions. A higher cytotoxicity and reasonable selectivity to cancer cell lines for synthesized complexes of selenium-containing ligands was shown; unlike sulfur analogs, ligands L themselves demonstrate a high cytotoxicity, comparable in some cases to the toxicity of copper-containing complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Finko
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia .,Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS Leninskii pr., 29 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Anatolii I Sokolov
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Dmitry A Guk
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Victor A Tafeenko
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Anna A Moiseeva
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Dmitry A Skvortsov
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia .,Higher School of Economics Myasnitskaya 13 Moscow 101000 Russia
| | - Andrei A Stomakhin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS Vavilova 32 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Andrei A Beloglazkin
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia .,Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS Leninskii pr., 29 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Roman S Borisov
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS Leninskii pr., 29 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Vladimir I Pergushov
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Mikhail Ya Melnikov
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Nikolay V Zyk
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia .,National University of Science and Technology Leninskii pr., 4 Moscow 119049 Russia.,Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology Miusskaya pl. 9 Moscow 125047 Russia
| | - Elena K Beloglazkina
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
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5
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Abstract
The monothiocarbonate ligand, [S(O)COR]−, is unusual and rare regarding its use in the formation of coordination compounds. Here, we report the synthesis and structures of the silver(I) and gold(I) monothiocarbonate complexes, [{Ag4(SC(O)OiPr)2(2,2′-bpy)4}(PF6)2]n (1) and [Au2{S(O)COiPr}2(dppe)]n (2), respectively. Both complexes are coordination polymers, with 1 being cationic and 2 neutral. The uniqueness of the ligand is that it is monoanionic and contains both a ‘hard’ O-donor ligand and a ‘soft’ S-donor ligand in a O-C-S manifold with, in principle, electron delocalization across the three atoms. However, for both complexes 1 and 2, it was found that the binding occurred exclusively through the S-donor atom, while the C=O portion remained dangling and was not involved in bonding. This bonding mode departs significantly from the symmetrical S-C-S type ligand such as dithiocarbamates. The structures were analysed and confirmed by NMR and X-ray crystallography.
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6
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Khirid S, Jangid DK, Biswas R, Meena S, Sahoo SC, Verma VP, Nandi C, Haldar KK, Dhayal RS. Ferrocene decorated homoleptic silver(I) clusters: Synthesis, structure, and their electrochemical behaviour. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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7
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Gupta AK, Kishore PVVN, Cyue JY, Liao JH, Duminy W, van Zyl WE, Liu CW. [Cu{SC(O)O iPr}] 96: A Giant Self-Assembled Copper(I) Supramolecular Wheel Exhibiting Photoluminescence Tuning and Correlations with Dynamic Solvation and Solventless Synthesis. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8973-8983. [PMID: 34081458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchical self-organization of structurally complex high-nuclearity metal clusters with metallosupramolecular wheel architectures that are obtained from the self-assembly of smaller solvated cluster units is rare and unique. Here, we use the potentially heteroditopic monothiocarbonate ligand and demonstrate for the first time the synthesis and structure of a solvated non-cyclic hexadecanuclear cluster [Cu{SC(O)OiPr}]16·2THF (1) that can simultaneously desolvate and self-assemble in solution and subsequently form a giant metallaring, [Cu{SC(O)OiPr}]96 (2). We also demonstrate a luminescent precursor to cluster (2) can be achieved through a solventless and rapid mechanochemical synthesis. Cluster (2) is the highest nuclearity copper(I) wheel and the largest metal cluster containing a heterodichalcogen (O, S) ligand reported to date. Cluster (2) also exhibits solid-state luminescence with relatively long emission lifetimes at 4.1, 13.9 (μs). The synthetic strategy described here opens new research avenues by replacing solvent molecules in stable {Cu16} clusters with designed building units that can form new hybrid and multifunctional finite supramolecular materials. This finding may lead to the development of novel high-nuclearity materials self-assembled in a facile manner with tunable optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Pilli V V N Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan R.O.C.,Chemistry Division, Department of Sciences and Humanities, VFSTR (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur 522213, A.P., India
| | - Jhih-Yu Cyue
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Jian-Hong Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Welni Duminy
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Werner E van Zyl
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - C W Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan R.O.C
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8
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Mkumbuzi E, van Zyl WE. Synthesis and structures of zinc and cadmium bis(dithiophosphonate) complexes. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Fukuda Y, Yoshinari N, Yamagami K, Konno T. Transformations of empty CuI4 core to CuI2CuII2O and CuI6S cores via oxide and sulfide insertions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5386-5389. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01572a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A tetrahedral {CuI4}4+ core is reversibly transformed to a mixed-valent {CuI2CuII2O}4+ core via the oxidative insertion and the reductive elimination of an oxide ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Nobuto Yoshinari
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Kohei Yamagami
- Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST)
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
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10
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Zhang B, Zhang J, Sun A, Liu C, Gu M, Chen Y, Wei B, Du C. Efficiently luminescent mononuclear copper iodide complexes with sterically hindered iminephosphine chelating ligands. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00622c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cu(i) complexes realize high luminescence properties due to steric hindrances of the ligands and synergistic heavy atom (Cu and I) effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ahui Sun
- Microelectronic R&D Center
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Mengsi Gu
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yahui Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Wei
- Microelectronic R&D Center
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Chenxia Du
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
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11
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Yusuf TL, Ibeji CU, van Zyl WE. Nickel(II) complexes from phosphor-dichalcogenide (P/Se2 and P/S2) type ligands: Synthesis, structure and theoretical calculations. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Li H, Zhai H, Zhou C, Song Y, Ke F, Xu WW, Zhu M. Atomically Precise Copper Cluster with Intensely Near-Infrared Luminescence and Its Mechanism. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4891-4896. [PMID: 32490675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new Cu(I) cluster is synthesized and structurally characterized: [Cu11(TBBT)9(PPh3)6](SbF6)2 (where TBBT = 4-tert-butylbenzenethiol). This Cu(I) cluster exhibits good stability and a bright-red emission both in solution (685 nm) and in the solid state (675 nm) with a large Stokes shift (∼280 nm) under ambient conditions. Its absolute quantum yield is 0.22 in the solid state. Temperature-dependent emissions and theoretical calculations suggest that the origin of this cluster luminescence mainly results from a mixture of the metal-ligand charge transfer and the cluster-centered triplet excited states. This work not only opens new opportunities for functional applications of copper clusters but also sheds light on the structure-luminescence relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Zhai
- Spectral Measurement and Application of Infrared Material Key Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wu Xu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
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