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da Silva RB, Coelho FL, de Castro Silva Junior H, Germino JC, Atvars TDZ, Rodembusch FS, Duarte LGTA, Schneider PH. Organosulfur and Organoselenium Functionalized Benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinolines: From Experimental and Theoretical Photophysics to All-Solution-Processed OLEDs. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1427-1439. [PMID: 37542587 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present the synthesis of benzimidazo[1,2-a] quinoline-based heterocycles bearing organosulfur and organoselenium moieties through transition-metal-free cascade reactions involving a sequential intermolecular aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr). Both sulfur and selenium derivatives presented absorption maxima located around 355 nm related to spin and symmetry allowing electronic 1π-π* transitions, and fluorescence emission at the violet-blue region (~440 nm) with relatively large Stokes shift. The fluorescence quantum yields were slightly influenced by the chalcogen, with the sulfur derivatives presenting higher values than the selenium analogs. In this sense, the quantum yields for selenium derivatives can probably be affected by the intersystem crossing or even the photoinduced electron transfer process (PET). The compounds were successfully applied in all-solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), where poly(9-vinylcarbazole) was employed as a dispersive matrix generating single-layer device cells. The obtained electroluminescence spectra are a sum of benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinolines and PVK singlet and/or triplet emissive states, according to their respective energy band gaps. The best diode rendered a luminance of 25.4 cd⋅m-2 with CIE (0.17, 0.14) and current efficiency of 20.2 mcd⋅A-1, a fivefold improvement in comparison to the PVK device that was explained by a 50-fold increase of charge-carriers electrical mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Borges da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), PO Box 15003, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Felipe Lange Coelho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goias, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique de Castro Silva Junior
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), PO Box 15003, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Germino
- Department of Physics and i3N - Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | | | - Fabiano Severo Rodembusch
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), PO Box 15003, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil.
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Schneider
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), PO Box 15003, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil.
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Rios EAM, Gomes CMB, Silvério GL, Luz EQ, Ali S, D'Oca CDRM, Albach B, Campos RB, Rampon DS. Silver-catalyzed direct selanylation of indoles: synthesis and mechanistic insights. RSC Adv 2023; 13:914-925. [PMID: 36686957 PMCID: PMC9811358 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06813c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe the Ag(i)-catalyzed direct selanylation of indoles with diorganoyl diselenides. The reaction gave 3-selanylindoles with high regioselectivity and also allowed direct access to 2-selanylindoles when the C3 position of the indole ring was blocked via a process similar to Plancher rearrangement. Experimental analyses and density functional theory calculations were carried out in order to picture the reaction mechanism. Among the pathways considered (via concerted metalation-deprotonation, Ag(iii), radical, and electrophilic aromatic substitution), our findings support a classic electrophilic aromatic substitution via Lewis adducts between Ag(i) and diorganoyl diselenides. The results also afforded new insights into the interactions between Ag(i) and diorganoyl diselenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Ane Maluf Rios
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Federal University of Paraná – UFPRP. O. Box 19061CuritibaPR81531-990Brazil
| | - Carla M. B. Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Federal University of Paraná – UFPRP. O. Box 19061CuritibaPR81531-990Brazil
| | - Gabriel L. Silvério
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Federal University of Paraná – UFPRP. O. Box 19061CuritibaPR81531-990Brazil
| | - Eduardo Q. Luz
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Federal University of Paraná – UFPRP. O. Box 19061CuritibaPR81531-990Brazil
| | - Sher Ali
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food EngineeringPirassunungaSPBrazil
| | - Caroline da Ros Montes D'Oca
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Federal University of Paraná – UFPRP. O. Box 19061CuritibaPR81531-990Brazil
| | - Breidi Albach
- Health Department, Unicesumar – The University Center of MaringáCuritibaPR81070-190Brazil
| | - Renan B. Campos
- Departamento Acadêmico de Química e Biologia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáRua Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado, 500081280-340CuritibaBrazil
| | - Daniel S. Rampon
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Federal University of Paraná – UFPRP. O. Box 19061CuritibaPR81531-990Brazil
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3
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Luz EQ, Santana FS, Silverio GL, Tullio SCMC, Iodice B, Prola LDT, Barbosa RV, Rampon DS. Crystal structures of 3-halo-2-organochalcogenylbenzo[b]chalcogenophenes. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:275-281. [PMID: 35371552 PMCID: PMC8900512 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022000962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The structure of four benzo[b]chalcogenophenes are described. The presence of a phenylselanyl group at a vicinal position of bromide or iodine triggers a stabilizing intramolecular orbital interaction between a lone pair of electrons of a halogen atom and the antibonding σ*(Se–C) orbital (nhalogen–σ*(Se–C), resulting in the almost linear alignment of the halogen–selenium–carbon atoms that changes the conformation and also the three-dimensional packing. The structure of the title compounds 3-bromo-2-(phenylsulfanyl)benzo[b]thiophene (C14H9BrS2; 1), 3-iodo-2-(phenylsulfanyl)benzo[b]thiophene (C14H9IS2; 2), 3-bromo-2-(phenylselanyl)benzo[b]selenophene (C14H9BrSe2; 3), and 3-iodo-2-(phenylselanyl)benzo[b]selenophene (C14H9ISe2; 4) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; all structures presented monoclinic (P21/c) symmetry. The phenyl group is distant from the halogen atom to minimize the steric hindrance repulsion for all structures. Moreover, the structures of 3 and 4 show an almost linear alignment of halogen–selenium–carbon atoms arising from the intramolecular orbital interaction between a lone pair of electrons on the halogen atom and the antibonding σ*Se–C orbital (nhalogen→σ*Se–C). This interaction leads to significant differences in the three-dimensional packing of the molecules, which are assembled through π–π and C—H⋯π interactions. These data provide a better comprehension of the intermolecular packing in benzo[b]chalcogenophenes, which is relevant for optoelectronic applications.
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Morelli Frin KP, Henrique de Macedo L, Santos de Oliveira S, Cunha RL, Calvo-Castro J. Improved singlet oxygen generation in rhenium(I) complexes functionalized with a pyridinyl selenoether ligand. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Luz EQ, Silvério GL, Seckler D, Lima DB, Santana FS, Barbosa RV, Montes D'Oca CR, Rampon DS. One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Halo‐2‐organochalcogenylbenzo[
b
]chalcogenophenes from 1‐(2,2‐Dibromovinyl)‐2‐organochalcogenylbenzenes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Q. Luz
- Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Department of Chemistry Federal University of Paraná-UFPR P. O. Box 19061 Curitiba PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Gabriel L. Silvério
- Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Department of Chemistry Federal University of Paraná-UFPR P. O. Box 19061 Curitiba PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Diego Seckler
- Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Department of Chemistry Federal University of Paraná-UFPR P. O. Box 19061 Curitiba PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - David B. Lima
- Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Department of Chemistry Federal University of Paraná-UFPR P. O. Box 19061 Curitiba PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Francielli S. Santana
- Department of Chemistry Federal University of Paraná-UFPR P. O. Box 19061 Curitiba PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Ronilson V. Barbosa
- Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Department of Chemistry Federal University of Paraná-UFPR P. O. Box 19061 Curitiba PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Caroline R. Montes D'Oca
- Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Department of Chemistry Federal University of Paraná-UFPR P. O. Box 19061 Curitiba PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Rampon
- Laboratory of Polymers and Catalysis (LaPoCa), Department of Chemistry Federal University of Paraná-UFPR P. O. Box 19061 Curitiba PR, 81531-980 Brazil
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7
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Demina N, Rasputin NA, Irgashev RA, Tameev AR, Nekrasova NV, Rusinov GL, Nunzi JM, Charushin VN. Benzo[ b]selenophene/thieno[3,2- b]indole-Based N,S,Se-Heteroacenes for Hole-Transporting Layers. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9377-9383. [PMID: 32363289 PMCID: PMC7191864 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two series of new N,S,Se-heteroacenes, namely, 6H-benzo[4',5']selenopheno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indoles and 12H-benzo[4″,5″]selenopheno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno[2',3'4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indoles, were successfully obtained using an effective strategy based on Fiesselmann thiophene and Fischer indole synthesis. The new molecules exhibit a large optical band gap (2.82 eV < E g opt < 3.23 eV) and their highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy formed by the plane π-core ranges between -5.2 and -5.6 eV, with the narrower optical band gap and lower HOMO level corresponding to selenated heteroacenes. In thin solid films of the heteroacenes, hole mobility measured using the conventional CELIV technique ranges between 10-5 and 10-4 cm2·V-1·s-1. All these make the proposed condensed-ring compounds a promising platform for the development of hole-transporting materials applicable in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda
S. Demina
- I.
A. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia
- Ural
Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N.
Yeltsin, Mira Str., 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Rasputin
- I.
A. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia
- Ural
Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N.
Yeltsin, Mira Str., 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Roman A. Irgashev
- I.
A. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia
- Ural
Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N.
Yeltsin, Mira Str., 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Alexey R. Tameev
- I.
A. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia
- A. N.
Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 31, Bld.4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Nekrasova
- A. N.
Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 31, Bld.4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Gennady L. Rusinov
- I.
A. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia
- Ural
Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N.
Yeltsin, Mira Str., 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Jean-Michel Nunzi
- Department
of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Department of Chemistry, Queens University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L-3N6, Canada
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- I.
A. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia
- Ural
Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N.
Yeltsin, Mira Str., 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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Wang D, Chen X, Yang H, Zhong D, Liu B, Yang X, Yue L, Zhou G, Ma M, Wu Z. The synthesis of cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes with benzoaryl-pyridines as C^N ligands for investigating their photophysical, electrochemical and electroluminescent properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15633-15645. [PMID: 33057516 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of (C^N)Pt(acac)-type complexes has been successfully synthesized with a benzo[b]furan, benzo[b]thiophene, benzo[b]selenophene, or benzo[b]tellurophene group in the benzoaryl-pyridine ligand. Using X-ray crystallography, the chemical structures of the complexes with benzo[b]selenophene and benzo[b]tellurophene groups have been clearly revealed. The photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent (EL) behaviors of these (C^N)Pt(acac)-type complexes have been fully characterized. Furthermore, both time-dependent functional theory (TD-DFT) and natural transition orbital (NTO) theoretical results have been obtained to gain insight into the absorption and emission features. It has been shown that both the absorption bands with the lowest energy and the phosphorescence emission behaviors are dominated by the benzoaryl-pyridine cyclometalating ligand. Importantly, the effects of the group VIA atoms on the properties of these (C^N)Pt(acac)-type complexes have been revealed. Owing to the rareness of (C^N)Pt(acac)-type complexes with benzo[b]selenophene and benzo[b]tellurophene groups, their EL abilities have been characterized using solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The optimized red OLEDs with the complex bearing a benzo[b]selenophene unit show a maximum external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 6.3%, current efficiency (ηL) of 10.5 cd A-1, and power efficiency (ηP) of 9.1 lm W-1, while the EL device with the complex bearing a benzo[b]tellurophene unit can give deep-red emission at ca. 636 nm with ηext of 6.3%, ηL of 6.5 cd A-1, and ηP of 5.8 lm W-1. This research not only provides novel (C^N)Pt(acac)-type complexes, but also furnishes critical information regarding the photophysical and EL behavior of these new complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Wang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China. and Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Daokun Zhong
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Boao Liu
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Yue
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Miaofeng Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
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Petrenko A, Leitonas K, Volyniuk D, Baryshnikov GV, Belyakov S, Minaev BF, Ågren H, Durgaryan H, GraŽulevičius JV, Arsenyan P. Benzoselenophenylpyridine platinum complexes: green versus red phosphorescence towards hybrid OLEDs. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3393-3397. [PMID: 32129412 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of phosphorescent platinum complexes bearing 2- and 3-(2-pyridyl)benzo[b]selenophenes (PyBSe) were synthesized and fully characterized. Almost identical ionization potential values (5.6 and 5.58 eV) of the solid samples of the Pt complexes were obtained by electron photoemission spectroscopy. Having slightly different molecular design, the solid solutions of the complexes emitted efficient green and red phosphorescence with absolute quantum yields of 52% (for green) and 11.6% (for red). It is demonstrated that the platinum complexes synthesized can be used as phosphorescent dopants for hybrid solution-processable OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Petrenko
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Karolis Leitonas
- Kaunas University of Technology, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Kaunas University of Technology, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Gleb V Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University, 18031, Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Sergey Belyakov
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Boris F Minaev
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University, 18031, Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Hranush Durgaryan
- Kaunas University of Technology, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Juozas Vidas GraŽulevičius
- Kaunas University of Technology, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Pavel Arsenyan
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
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Management of Exciton for Highly-Efficient Hybrid White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with a Non-Doped Blue Emissive Layer. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224046. [PMID: 31717285 PMCID: PMC6891386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have drawn great attention both for display and solid-state lighting purposes because of the combined advantages of desirable stability of fluorescent dyes and high efficiency of phosphorescent materials. However, in most WOLEDs, obtaining high efficiency often requires complex device structures. Herein, we achieved high-efficiency hybrid WOLEDs using a simple but efficacious structure, which included a non-doped blue emissive layer (EML) to separate the exciton recombination zone from the light emission region. After optimization of the device structure, the WOLEDs showed a maximum power efficiency (PE), current efficiency (CE), and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 82.3 lm/W, 70.0 cd/A, and 22.2%, respectively. Our results presented here provided a new option for promoting simple-structure hybrid WOLEDs with superior performance.
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