1
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Sun Y, Xu S, Hang H, Xi J, Dong H, Jiao B, Zhou G, Yang X. The third strategy: modulating emission colors of organic light-emitting diodes with UV light during the device fabrication process. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8506-8513. [PMID: 38846396 PMCID: PMC11151860 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01812e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The modulation of emission color is one of the most critical topics in the research field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Currently, only two ways are commonly used to tune the emission colors of OLEDs: one is to painstakingly synthesize different emitters with diverse molecular structures, the other is to precisely control the degree of aggregation or doping concentration of one emitter. To develop a simpler and less costly method, herein we demonstrate a new strategy in which the emission colors of OLEDs can be continuously changed with UV light during the device fabrication process. The proof of concept is established by a chromene-based Ir(iii) complex, which shows bright green emission and yellow emission before and after UV irradiation, respectively. Consequently, under different durations of UV irradiation, the resulting Ir(iii) complex is successfully used as the emitter to gradually tune the emission colors of related solution-processed OLEDs from green to yellow. Furthermore, the electroluminescent efficiencies of these devices are unaffected or even increased during this process. Therefore, this work demonstrates a distinctive point of view and approach for modulating the emission colors of OLEDs, which may prove great inspiration for the fabrication of multi-colored OLEDs with only one emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Sun
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Shipan Xu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Huaiteng Hang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jun Xi
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Hua Dong
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Bo Jiao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
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2
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Dai C, Mao Z, Xu Y, Jia J, Tang H, Zhao Y, Zhou Y. Bis-tridentate Iridium(III) Complex with the N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand as a Novel Efficient Electrochemiluminescence Emitter for the Sandwich Immunoassay of the HHV-6A Virus. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7311-7320. [PMID: 38656817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus type 6A (HHV-6A) can cause a series of immune and neurological diseases, and the establishment of a sensitive biosensor for the rapid detection of HHV-6A is of great significance for public health and safety. Herein, a bis-tridentate iridium complex (BisLT-Ir-NHC) comprising the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand as a novel kind of efficient ECL luminophore has been unprecedently reported. Based on its excellent ECL properties, a new sensitive ECL-based sandwich immunosensor to detect the HHV-6A virus was successfully constructed by encapsulating BisLT-Ir-NHC into silica nanoparticles and embellishing ECL sensing interface with MXene@Au-CS. Notably, the immunosensor illustrated in this work not only had a wide linear range of 102 to 107 cps/μL but also showed outstanding recoveries (98.33-105.11%) in real human serum with an RSD of 0.85-3.56%. Undoubtedly, these results demonstrated the significant potential of the bis-tridentate iridium(III) complex containing an NHC ligand in developing ECL-based sensitive analytical methods for virus detection and exploring novel kinds of efficient iridium-based ECL luminophores in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenji Dai
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Ziwang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Yaoyao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Junli Jia
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Huamin Tang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yibo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
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3
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Li G, Liu Y, Xu K, Zhang C, Chen J, Chu Q, Yang YF, She Y. Perimidocarbene-Based Tetradentate Platinum(II) Complexes with an Unexpectedly Negligible 3MLCT Character. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6435-6444. [PMID: 38537132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Two novel six-membered perimidocarbene (PIC)-based tetradentate Pt(II) complexes were designed and successfully synthesized. Systematical experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the PIC moiety greatly affects the frontier orbitals, as well as the photophysical and excited-state properties of the Pt(II) complexes. PtYK2 has a broad emission spectrum peaking at 576 nm with a shoulder band at 620 nm, along with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) value of 100.0 nm at 77 K in 2-MeTHF; however, the emission spectrum is slightly red-shifted with a dominant peak at 610 nm and a FWHM value of 125.0 nm at room temperature in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film. Time-dependent-density functional theory and natural transition orbital analyses reveal that PtYK2 has a 3LC (3πPIC* → πPIC)-dominated character with an unexpectedly negligible contribution of 3MLCT transition (0.68%) in the T1 state, which results in a broad emission spectrum and a relatively low quantum efficiency of 7.4% in the PMMA film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yuankuo Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chengyao Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiang Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qingshan Chu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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4
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Wang L, Miao J, Zhang Y, Wu C, Huang H, Wang X, Yang C. Discrete Mononuclear Platinum(II) Complexes Realize High-Performance Red Phosphorescent OLEDs with EQEs of up to 31.8% and Superb Device Stability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303066. [PMID: 37327208 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Designing mononuclear platinum(II) complexes that do not rely on intermolecular aggregation for high-performance red organic light-emitting diodes remains a formidable challenge. In this work, three robust red-emitting Pt(II) complexes are created by utilizing a rigid 4-coordination configuration, where the ligands are formed by linking electron-donor of triphenylamine (TPA) moieties with electron-acceptor of pyridine, isoquinoline, and/or δ-carboline units. The thermal stability, electrochemical, and photophysical properties of the complexes are thoroughly examined. The complexes display efficient red phosphorescence, with high photoluminescence quantum yields and short excited lifetimes. The OLEDs dope with these complexes exhibit high maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to 31.8% with minimal efficiency roll-off even at high brightness. Significantly, the devices demonstrate exceptional long operational lifetime, with a T90 lifetime of over 14000 h at initial luminance of 1000 cd m-2 , indicating the potential for these complexes to be practically utilizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Chengjun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hong Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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5
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Li G, Guo H, Fang X, Yang Y, Sun Y, Lou W, Zhang Q, She Y. Tuning the Excited State of Tetradentate Pd(
II
) and Pt(
II
) Complexes through Benzannulated
N
‐Heteroaromatic
Ring and Central Metal. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Hua Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Yun‐Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Yulu Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Weiwei Lou
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
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6
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Liu Z, Zhang SW, Zhang M, Wu C, Li W, Wu Y, Yang C, Kang F, Meng H, Wei G. Highly Efficient Phosphorescent Blue-Emitting [3+2+1] Coordinated Iridium (III) Complex for OLED Application. Front Chem 2021; 9:758357. [PMID: 34692648 PMCID: PMC8529235 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.758357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes are indispensable in the field of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs), while the improvement of blue iridium (III) complexes is as yet limited and challenging. More diversified blue emitters are needed to break through the bottleneck of the industry. Hence, a novel [3+2+1] coordinated iridium (III) complex (noted as Ir-dfpMepy-CN) bearing tridentate bis-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) chelate (2,6-bisimidazolylidene benzene), bidentate chelates 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-methylpyridine (dfpMepy), and monodentate ligand (-CN) has been designed and synthesized. The tridentate bis-NHC ligand enhances molecular stability by forming strong bonds with the center iridium atom. The electron-withdrawing groups in the bidentate ligand (dfpMepy) and monodentate ligand (-CN) ameliorate the stability of the HOMO levels. Ir-dfpMepy-CN shows photoluminescence peaks of 440 and 466 nm with a high quantum efficiency of 84 ± 5%. Additionally, the HATCN (10 nm)/TAPC (40 nm)/TcTa (10 nm)/10 wt% Ir-dfpMepy-CN in DPEPO (10 nm)/TmPyPB (40 nm)/Liq (2.5 nm)/Al (100 nm) OLED device employing the complex shows a CIE coordinate of (0.16, 0.17), reaching a deeper blue emission. The high quantum efficiency is attributed to rapid singlet to triplet charge transfer transition of 0.9–1.2 ps. The successful synthesis of Ir-dfpMepy-CN has opened a new window to develop advanced blue emitters and dopant alternatives for future efficient blue PhOLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Liu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Si-Wei Zhang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wansi Li
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- PURI Materials, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Feiyu Kang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Meng
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guodan Wei
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Buil ML, Esteruelas MA, López AM. Recent Advances in Synthesis of Molecular Heteroleptic Osmium and Iridium Phosphorescent Emitters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María L. Buil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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8
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Lu J, Pan Q, Zhu S, Liu R, Zhu H. Ligand-Mediated Photophysics Adjustability in Bis-tridentate Ir(III) Complexes and Their Application in Efficient Optical Limiting Materials. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12835-12846. [PMID: 34428896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A family of novel bis-tridentate Ir(III) complexes (Ir1-Ir5) incorporating both functional N∧C∧N-type ligands (L1-L5) and N∧N∧C-type ligand (L0) were synthesized attentively and characterized scientifically. The crystalline structures of Ir1, Ir3 and Ir4 were resoundingly confirmed by XRD. With the aid of experimental and theoretical methods, their photophysical properties at transient and steady states were scientifically investigated. The broadband charge-transfer absorption for these aforementioned Ir(III) complexes is up to 600 nm as shown in the UV-visible absorption spectrum. The emission lifetimes of their excited states are good. Between the visible and near-infrared regions, Ir1-Ir5 possessed powerful excited-state absorption. Hence, a remarkably robust reverse saturable absorption (RSA) process can occur once the complexes are irradiated by a 532 nm laser. The RSA effect follows the descending order: Ir3 > Ir5 > Ir4 ≈ Ir1 > Ir2. To sum up, modifying electron-donating units (-OCH3) and large π-conjugated units to the pyridyl N∧C∧N-type ligands is a systematic way to markedly raise the RSA effect. Therefore, these octahedral bis-tridentate Ir(III) complexes are potentially state-of-the-art optical limiting (OPL) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qianqian Pan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Senqiang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Hongjun Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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9
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She Y, Xu K, Fang X, Yang YF, Lou W, Hu Y, Zhang Q, Li G. Tetradentate Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes Containing Fused 6/6/6 or 6/6/5 Metallocycles with Azacarbazolylcarbazole-Based Ligands. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12972-12983. [PMID: 34374530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel tetradentate Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes containing fused 6/6/6 or 6/6/5 metallocycles employing azacarbazolylcarbazole (ACzCz)-based ligands was developed. Systematic experimental and theoretical studies suggest that both the ligand structures and the central metal ions have great influences on the electrochemical and photophysical properties of the complexes. The time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations and natural transition orbital (NTO) analyses reveal that the Pt(II) complexes possess 10.8-15.2% metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) mixed with ligand-centered (3LC) characters, by contrast, the Pd(II) complexes exhibit significantly decreased 4.2-7.1% 3MLCT characters and enhanced 3LC compositions. All of the Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes possess various channels for the intersystem crossing (ISC) on the basis of small energy gaps ΔES1-Tn and matching transition orbital compositions; moreover, Pd(ACzCz-1) and Pd(ACzCz-2) also possess efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) to show both delayed fluorescence (DF) and phosphorescence in PMMA films at room temperature (RT). Pt(ACzCz-3) has ΦPL values of 57% with a τ of 5.1 μs in dichloromethane at RT and 50% with 3.9 μs in PMMA at RT. Notably, Pd(ACzCz-1) exhibits ultralong low-temperature phosphorescence with a τ of 1307 μs. Pt(ACzCz-2)-based green OLED employing 26mCPy as the host demonstrated a peak EQE of 8.2% and a Lmax of 24065 cd/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Lou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guijie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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10
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Wu Y, Yang C, Liu J, Zhang M, Liu W, Li W, Wu C, Cheng G, Yang Q, Wei G, Che CM. Phosphorescent [3 + 2 + 1] coordinated Ir(iii) cyano complexes for achieving efficient phosphors and their application in OLED devices. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10165-10178. [PMID: 34377406 PMCID: PMC8336439 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01426a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of neutral [3 + 2 + 1] coordinated iridium complexes bearing tridentate bis-NHC carbene chelates (2,6-bisimidazolylidene benzene), bidentate chelates (C^N ligands, e.g. derivatives of 2-phenylpridine), and monodentate ions (halides and pseudo-halides, such as Br, I, OCN and CN ions) have been systematically designed and synthesized. X-ray single crystal structure characterization revealed that the nitrogen atom in C^N ligands is located trans to the carbon atom in the benzene ring in tridentate chelates, while the coordinating carbon atom in C^N ligands is located trans to the monodentate ligands. Photophysical studies reveal that the C^N ligands play a vital role in tuning the UV absorption and emission properties, while the tridentate bis-NHC carbene chelates influence the lowest absorption band and emission energy when compared to heteroleptic Ir(ppy)2(acac) [i.e. molar absorptivities at ∼450 nm for ppy-OCN and Ir(ppy)2(acac) are 350 M-1 cm-1 and 1520 M-1 cm-1 and emission maximum peaks are at 465 nm and 515 nm respectively]. Among monodentate ligands that the complexes bear, the group containing the cyanide ligand displays higher emission energy, higher photophysical quantum yields, longer triplet lifetimes and better electrochemical and thermal stabilities than those of cyanate and bromide. Particularly, a blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on dfppy-CN exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.94% with CIE coordinates of (0.14, 0.24). Furthermore, a small efficiency roll-off of 5.7% was observed for this device at 1000 cd m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- PURI Materials 6F, Block A, Jiazhaoye Xindong Kechuang Park, 71st Zone Xindong, Baoan District Shenzhen 518133 China
| | - Chen Yang
- PURI Materials 6F, Block A, Jiazhaoye Xindong Kechuang Park, 71st Zone Xindong, Baoan District Shenzhen 518133 China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wansi Li
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- PURI Materials 6F, Block A, Jiazhaoye Xindong Kechuang Park, 71st Zone Xindong, Baoan District Shenzhen 518133 China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen 518053 China
| | - Qingdan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guodan Wei
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen 518053 China
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11
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Zhuo H, Chi X, Jiang M, Xu H, Zeng M. Luminescence Switching of Organogold(I) Complexes between Aggregation-induced Phosphorescence Enhancement and Aggregation-caused Quenching by Balancing Auxiliary Ligands around the Au I Center. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1165-1170. [PMID: 33734608 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Attaching AIE-active L1 ([1,1':2',1'':4'',1'''-quaterphenyl]-2-yldiphenylphosphane) to AuCl, shortened the distances of P-C bonds to promote electron cloud overlap between AuI and L1, affords 1 (L1AuCl) with aggregation-induced phosphorescence enhancement (AIPE) activity by 3 LMCT transitions. Then substituting the coplanar L2 (9-ethynylanthracene) for the Cl- in 1 providing 2, switches the luminescence to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) activity. Furthermore, we restore the performance from ACQ to AIPE by metathesis reactions to transfer 2 into 1. It is versatile synthetic strategy of reversible transformation between 1 and 2 that switches the luminescence of organogold(I) between AIPE and ACQ through balancing auxiliary ligands around the given metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhuo
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chi
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Mengtian Jiang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Haibing Xu
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.,Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Zeng
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006, P. R. China
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12
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Babón JC, Esteruelas MA, Fernández I, López AM, Oñate E. Assembly of a Dihydrideborate and Two Aryl Nitriles to Form a C,N,N′-Pincer Ligand Coordinated to Osmium. Organometallics 2021; 40:635-642. [PMID: 35694319 PMCID: PMC9180356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
C,N,N′-donor aryl-diimineborate pincer ligand of the
complexes OsH2{κ3-C,N,N-[C6H3RCH=NB(cat)N=CHC6H4R]}(PiPr3)2 (R
= H, Me) has been generated in a one-pot procedure, by the reaction
of the hexahydride OsH6(PiPr3)2 with catecholborane (catBH) and two molecules of the corresponding
aryl nitrile. The osmium–pincer bonding situation has been
analyzed by means of atoms in molecules (AIM), natural bond orbital
(NBO), and energy decomposition analysis coupled with the natural
orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) methods. According to the
results, the complexes exhibit a rather strong electron-sharing Os–C
bond, two weaker donor–acceptor N–Os bonds, and two
π-back-donations from the transition metal to vacant π*
orbitals of the formed metallacycles. In addition, spectroscopic findings
and DFT calculations reveal that the donor units of the pincer are
incorporated in a sequential manner. First, the central Os–N
bond is formed, by the reaction of the dihydrideborate ligand of the
intermediate OsH3{κ2-H,H-(H2Bcat)}(PiPr3)2 with one of the aryl nitriles. The subsequent oxidative
addition of the o-C–H bond of the aryl substituent
of the resulting κ1-N-(N-boryl-arylaldimine) affords the Os–C bond. Finally, the second
Os–N bond is generated from a hydride, an ortho-metalated N-boryl-arylaldimine, and the second aryl nitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Babón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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13
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Shafikov MZ, Martinscroft R, Hodgson C, Hayer A, Auch A, Kozhevnikov VN. Non-Stereogenic Dinuclear Ir(III) Complex with a Molecular Rack Design to Afford Efficient Thermally Enhanced Red Emission. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1780-1789. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marsel Z. Shafikov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
- Ural Federal University, Mira 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Ross Martinscroft
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Hodgson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Hayer
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Armin Auch
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Valery N. Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
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15
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Li G, Shen G, Fang X, Yang YF, Zhan F, Zheng J, Lou W, Zhang Q, She Y. Phosphorescent Tetradentate Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Fused 6/5/5 or 6/5/6 Metallocycles. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:18109-18121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Lou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Rajakannu P, Kim HS, Lee W, Kumar A, Lee MH, Yoo S. Naphthalene Benzimidazole Based Neutral Ir(III) Emitters for Deep Red Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12461-12470. [PMID: 32852204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rigid naphthalene benzimidazole (NBI) based ligands (L1 and L2) are synthesized and utilized to make deep red phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes ([Ir(NBI)2(PyPzCF3)] (1) and [Ir(DPANBI)2(PyPzCF3)] (2)). Complexes 1 and 2 are prepared from the reaction of L1/L2 with the aid of ancillary ligands (PyPzCF3, 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridine) in a two step method. The complexes are characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods, as well as X-ray diffraction for 1. These complexes show a strong emission in the range of 635-700 nm that extends up to the near-infrared region (800 nm). The introduction of the diphenylamino (DPA) donor group on the naphthalene unit leads to a further red-shift in the emission. The complexes exhibit radiative quantum efficiency (ΦPL) of 0.27-0.29 in poly(methylmethacrylate) film and relatively short phosphorescence decay lifetimes (τ = 1.1-3.5 μs). The structural, electronic, and optical properties are investigated with the support of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent-DFT calculations. The calculation results indicate that the lowest-lying triplet (T1) excited state of 1 has a mixed metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) and ligand-centered (3LC) character, while 2 shows a dominant 3LC character. Deep red-emitting organic light-emitting diodes fabricated using 1 as a dopant display a maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.9% with the CIE color coordinates of (0.690, 0.294), with an emission centered at 644 and 700 nm. Similarly, the emitter 2 also shows a maximum external quantum efficiency of 6.9% with emissions at 657 and 722 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Rajakannu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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17
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Benavent L, Boudreault PLT, Esteruelas MA, López AM, Oñate E, Tsai JY. Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes with a Dianionic C,C′,N,N′-Tetradentate Ligand. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12286-12294. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Llorenç Benavent
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jui-Yi Tsai
- Universal Display Corporation, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
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18
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Gayen P, Das U, Banerjee S. Effect of Main Versus Ancillary Ligand Substitution on the Photophysical Properties of a Series of Ir(III) Complexes: A Detailed Theoretical Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4654-4665. [PMID: 32438808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Gayen
- Department of Chemistry, Raja Peary Mohan College, Uttarpara, PIN- 712258 West Bengal, India
| | - Ujjwal Das
- Department of Chemistry, Sarsuna College, 4/HB/A, Ho-Chi-Minh Sarani, PIN-700061 Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Snehasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology, Salt Lake, Sector-3, Kolkata, PIN-700106 West Bengal, India
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19
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Liang B, Yu Z, Zhuang X, Wang J, Wei J, Ye K, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wang Y. Achieving High-Performance Pure-Red Electrophosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Based on Optimizing Ancillary Ligands. Chemistry 2020; 26:4410-4418. [PMID: 32017269 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two new iridium(III) complexes were synthesized by introducing two trifluoromethyl groups into an ancillary ligand to develop pure-red emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The electron-donating ability of the ancillary ligands is suppressed, owing to the electron-withdrawing nature of trifluoromethyl groups, which can reduce the HOMO energy levels compared with those of compounds without trifluoromethyl groups. However, the introduction of trifluoromethyl groups into the ancillary ligand has little impact on the LUMO energy levels. Therefore, a well-tuned, pure-red, excited-state energy was achieved by regulating the relative energy level between the HOMO and LUMO. OLEDs with these complexes as emitters showed high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 26 % and realized high EQEs of about 25 % and fairly low driving voltages of 3.3-3.6 V for practical luminance of 1000 cd m-2 , as well as excellent Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.66, 0.33) and (0.67, 0.33); thus, this demonstrates the successful molecular design strategy by modifying the electron-donating ability of ancillary ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhanshuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xuming Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jinbei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
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20
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Li G, Zhan F, Zheng J, Yang YF, Wang Q, Chen Q, Shen G, She Y. Highly Efficient Phosphorescent Tetradentate Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Fused 6/5/6 Metallocycles. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3718-3729. [PMID: 32105064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of neutral tetradentate Pt(II) complexes with fused 6/5/6 metallocycles and biphenyl (bp)-containing ligands have been designed and synthesized. All bridging atoms adopt nitrogens designed as an acridinyl group (Ac), an aza acridinyl group (AAc), and an aza carbazolyl group (ACz), which can effectively tune their LUMO energy levels. Their HOMO energy levels can be well-controlled through molecular modifications on the bp moieties with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. These molecular modifications also have profound effects on the electrochemical and photophysical properties and photostabilities of the Pt(II) complexes. The ground-states and excited states are systematically studied by density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), and natural transition orbital (NTO) calculations. All the Pt(II) complexes exhibit admixed 3(LC/MLCT) characters in T1 states with various proportions, which are strongly structure-dependent. These 6/5/6 Pt(II) complexes demonstrate high quantum efficiencies in dichloromethane solutions (ΦPL = 27-51%) and in doped PMMA films (ΦPL = 36-52%) at room temperature with short luminescence lifetimes of 1.6-9.5 μs and 7.6-9.0 μs, respectively. They emit green light with dominant peaks of 512-529 nm in solutions and 512-524 nm in doped PMMA films, respectively. Importantly, Pt(bp-2) exhibits highly stable emission colors with the same dominant peaks at 512 nm in various matrixes and also demonstrates a long photostability lifetime, LT80, at 80% of initial luminance, of 190 min, which is doped in polystyrene films (5 wt %) excited by UV light of 375 nm at 500 W/m2. These studies indicate that these 6/5/6 Pt(II) complexes can act as good phosphorescent emitters for OLED applications and should provide a viable route for the development of efficient and stable Pt(II)-based phosphorescent emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianbing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qunmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Gang Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin She
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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21
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Hsu LY, Chen DG, Liu SH, Chiu TY, Chang CH, Jen AKY, Chou PT, Chi Y. Roles of Ancillary Chelates and Overall Charges of Bis-tridentate Ir(III) Phosphors for OLED Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1084-1093. [PMID: 31825583 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of charge-neutral bis-tridentate Ir(III) complexes (1, 3, and 4) were prepared via employing three distinctive tridentate prochelates, that is, (pzptBphFO)H2, [(phpyim)H2·(PF6)], and [(pimb)H3·(PF6)2], which possess one dianionic pzptBphFO, together with a second monoanionic tridentate chelate, namely, (pzptBphFO)H, phpyim, and pimb, respectively. Moreover, a homoleptic, charge-neutral complex 2 was obtained by methylation of chelating (pzptBphFO)H of 1 in basic media, while closely related cationic complexes 5-7 were obtained by further methylation of the remaining pyrazolate unit of previously mentioned neutral complexes 2-4, followed by anion metatheses. All of these Ir(III) metal complexes showed a broadened emission profile with an onset at ∼450 nm, a result of an enlarged ligand-centered ππ* transition gap, but with distinct efficiencies ranging from 0.8% to nearly unity. Comprehensive spectroscopic and computational approaches were executed, providing a correlation for the emission efficiencies versus energy gaps and between the metal-to-ligand charge transfer/ππ* emitting excited state and upper-lying metal-centered dd quenching state. Furthermore, Ir(III) complexes 3 and 4 were selected as dopant emitters in the fabrication of sky-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes, affording maximum external quantum efficiencies of 16.7 and 14.6% with CIEx,y coordinates of (0.214, 0.454) and (0.191, 0.404) at a current density of 102 cd/m2, respectively. Hence, this research highlights an inherent character of bis-tridentate Ir(III) complexes in achieving high phosphorescence quantum yield at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yang Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Deng-Gao Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ya Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Yuan Ze University , Chung-Li 32003 , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Yuan Ze University , Chung-Li 32003 , Taiwan
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR
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22
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Li J, Han D, Gao J, Chen T, Wang B, Shang X. Theoretical perspective on the electronic structure and photophysical properties for a series of mixed-carbene tris-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18519-18525. [PMID: 35517243 PMCID: PMC9053717 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03444d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The electronic structure and photophysical properties of four mixed-carbene tris-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes have been theoretically investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods. The effect of varying the main ligand by introducing different ring structures on the photophysical properties of the studied complexes has been explored. All studied complexes have slightly distorted octahedral geometries. The complex with a rigid skeletal structural main ligand possesses the smallest difference between the recombination energy of hole transport and recombination energy of electron transport among these complexes, enhancing the charge transfer balance. The lowest energy emission wavelength calculated is in very good agreement with the available experimental value. This study will provide useful information for the design of new phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials. The electronic structure and photophysical properties of four tris-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes have been theoretically investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Deming Han
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Tong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Bao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Shang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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Chen T, Han D, Gao J, Li J, Shang X. A theoretical study on the electronic structure and phosphorescence properties of two series of iridium(iii) complexes with a four-membered Ir–S–C–S chelating ring. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06098g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure and photophysical properties of two series of iridium(iii) complexes with a four-membered Ir–S–C–S chelating ring have been theoretically studied using the DFT and TDDFT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Deming Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry
- Changchun
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Shang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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24
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Yuan Y, Gnanasekaran P, Chen YW, Lee GH, Ni SF, Lee CS, Chi Y. Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing a Formal Tetradentate Coordination Chelate: Structural Properties and Phosphorescence Fine-Tuned by Ancillaries. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:523-532. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Premkumar Gnanasekaran
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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