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Zgrabik J, Bhowmick R, Eckstrom FD, Harrison AR, Fetrow TV, Blake AV, Vlaisavljevich B, Daly SR. The Influence of Phosphorus Substituents on the Structures and Solution Speciation of Trivalent Uranium and Lanthanide Phosphinodiboranates. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9451-9463. [PMID: 38011639 PMCID: PMC11134491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the mechanochemical synthesis and characterization of homoleptic uranium and lanthanide phosphinodiboranates with isopropyl and ethyl substituents attached to phosphorus. M(H3BPiPr2BH3)3 complexes with M = U, Nd, Sm, Tb, and Er were prepared by ball milling UI3(THF)4, SmBr3, or MI3 with three equivalents of K(H3BPiPr2BH3). M(H3BPEt2BH3)3 with M = U and Nd were prepared similarly using K(H3BPEt2BH3), and the complexes were purified by extraction and crystallization from Et2O or CH2Cl2. Single-crystal XRD studies revealed that all five M(H3BPiPr2BH3)3 crystallize as dimers, despite the significant differences in metal radii across the series. In contrast, Nd(H3BPEt2BH3)3 with smaller ethyl substituents crystallized as a coordination polymer. Crystals of U(H3BPEt2BH3)3 were not suitable for structural analysis, but crystals of U(H3BPMe2BH3)3 isolated in low yield by solution methods were isostructural with Nd(H3BPEt2BH3)3. 1H and 11B NMR studies in C6D6 revealed that all of the complexes form mixtures of monomer and oligomers when dissolved, and the extent of oligomerization was highly dependent on metal radius and phosphorus substituent size. A comprehensive analysis of all structurally characterized uranium and lanthanide phosphinodiboranate complexes reported to date, including those with larger Ph and tBu substituents, revealed that the degree of oligomerization in solution can be correlated to differences in B-P-B angles obtained from single-crystal XRD studies. Density functional theory calculations, which included structural optimizations in combination with conformational searches using tight binding methods, replicated the general experimental trends and revealed free energy differences that account for the different solution and solid-state structures. Collectively, these results reveal how steric changes to phosphorus substituents significantly removed from metal coordination sites can have a significant influence on solution speciation, deoligomerization energies, and the solid-state structure of homoleptic phosphinodiboranate complexes containing trivalent f-metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
C. Zgrabik
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Rina Bhowmick
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of South Dakota, 414 E Clark St., Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Francesca D. Eckstrom
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - A. Rayford Harrison
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Taylor V. Fetrow
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Anastasia V. Blake
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of South Dakota, 414 E Clark St., Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Scott R. Daly
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Fetrow TV, Zgrabik J, Bhowmick R, Eckstrom FD, Crull G, Vlaisavljevich B, Daly SR. Quantifying the Influence of Covalent Metal-Ligand Bonding on Differing Reactivity of Trivalent Uranium and Lanthanide Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211145. [PMID: 36097137 PMCID: PMC9828012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative differences in the reactivity of trivalent lanthanide and actinide complexes have long been attributed to differences in covalent metal-ligand bonding, but there are few examples where thermodynamic aspects of this relationship have been quantified, especially with U3+ and in the absence of competing variables. Here we report a series of dimeric phosphinodiboranate complexes with trivalent f-metals that show how shorter-than-expected U-B distances indicative of increased covalency give rise to measurable differences in solution deoligomerization reactivity when compared to isostructural complexes with similarly sized lanthanides. These results, which are in excellent agreement with supporting DFT and QTAIM calculations, afford rare experimental evidence concerning the measured effect of variations in metal-ligand covalency on the reactivity of trivalent uranium and lanthanide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor V. Fetrow
- Department of ChemistryThe University of IowaE331 Chemistry BuildingIowa CityIA 52242USA
| | - Joshua Zgrabik
- Department of ChemistryThe University of IowaE331 Chemistry BuildingIowa CityIA 52242USA
| | - Rina Bhowmick
- Department of ChemistryThe University of South Dakota414 East Clark StreetVermillionSouth Dakota57069USA
| | - Francesca D. Eckstrom
- Department of ChemistryThe University of IowaE331 Chemistry BuildingIowa CityIA 52242USA
| | - George Crull
- Department of ChemistryThe University of IowaE331 Chemistry BuildingIowa CityIA 52242USA
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of ChemistryThe University of South Dakota414 East Clark StreetVermillionSouth Dakota57069USA
| | - Scott R. Daly
- Department of ChemistryThe University of IowaE331 Chemistry BuildingIowa CityIA 52242USA
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Widemann M, Aicher FSW, Bonath M, Eichele K, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Schubert H, Sirsch P, Anwander R, Wesemann L. Molecular Ln(III)-H-E(II) Linkages (Ln=Y, Lu; E=Ge, Sn, Pb). Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201032. [PMID: 35620817 PMCID: PMC9541956 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Following the alkane-elimination route, the reaction between tetravalent aryl tintrihydride Ar*SnH3 and trivalent rare-earth-metallocene alkyls [Cp*2 Ln(CH{SiMe3 }2 )] gave complexes [Cp*2 Ln(μ-H)2 SnAr*] implementing a low-valent tin hydride (Ln=Y, Lu; Ar*=2,6-Trip2 C6 H3 , Trip=2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl). The homologous complexes of germanium and lead, [Cp*2 Ln(μ-H)2 EAr*] (E = Ge, Pb), were accessed via addition of low-valent [(Ar*EH)2 ] to the rare-earth-metal hydrides [(Cp*2 LnH)2 ]. The lead compounds [Cp*2 Ln(μ-H)2 PbAr*] exhibit H/D exchange in reactions with deuterated solvents or dihydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Widemann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Frederik S. W. Aicher
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Martin Bonath
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Peter Sirsch
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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Julien PA, Castle G, Theriault J, Kohlgruber TA, Oliver AG, Burns PC. Assembly of Uranyl Peroxides from Ball Milled Solids. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11319-11324. [PMID: 35830593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry enables transformations of highly insoluble materials such as uranium dioxide or the mineral studtite [(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2]·(H2O)2 into uranyl triperoxide compounds that can subsequently assemble into hydroxide-bridged uranyl peroxide dimers in the presence of lithium hydroxide. Dissolution of these solids in water yields uranyl peroxide nanoclusters including U24, Li24[(UO2)(O2)(OH)]24. Insoluble uranium solids can transform into highly soluble uranyl peroxide phases in the solid state with miniscule quantities of water. Such reactions are potentially applicable to uranium processing in the front and back end of the nuclear fuel cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Julien
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Grace Castle
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jordan Theriault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Tsuyoshi A Kohlgruber
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Peter C Burns
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Kravchuk DV, Forbes TZ. Mechanochemical activation and oxidation of U(IV)O 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4528-4531. [PMID: 35302570 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemical impact induces oxidation of U(IV)O2 in presence of alkali metal peroxides Li2O2 and Na2O2 during liquid-assisted grinding, resulting in respective alkali U(VI) triperoxide phases (e.g. Na4[UO2(O2)3]·9H2O), based on powder X-ray diffraction analysis, solid- and solution-phase vibrational spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro V Kravchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| | - Tori Z Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Kravchuk DV, Forbes TZ. Mechanochemical synthesis of crystalline U(vi) triperoxide solids. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01479j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemical reaction of UO3 with metal peroxides (M2O2) yields U(vi) triperoxide materials without producing radioactive solvent wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tori Z. Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Fetrow TV, Daly SR. Mechanochemical synthesis and structural analysis of trivalent lanthanide and uranium diphenylphosphinodiboranates. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11472-11484. [PMID: 34346459 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01932e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphinodiboranates (H3BPR2BH3-) are a class of borohydrides that have merited a reputation as weakly coordinating anions, which is attributed in part to the dearth of coordination complexes known with transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. We recently reported how K(H3BPtBu2BH3) exhibits sluggish salt elimination reactivity with f-metal halides in organic solvents such as Et2O and THF. Here we report how this reactivity appears to be further attenuated in solution when the tBu groups attached to phosphorus are exchanged for R = Ph or H, and we describe how mechanochemistry was used to overcome limited solution reactivity with K(H3BPPh2BH3). Grinding three equivalents of K(H3BPPh2BH3) with UI3(THF)4 or LnI3 (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd) allowed homoleptic complexes with the empirical formulas U(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (1), Ce(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (2), Pr(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (3), and Nd(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (4) to be prepared and subsequently crystallized in good yields (50-80%). Single-crystal XRD studies revealed that all four complexes exist as dimers or coordination polymers in the solid-state, whereas 1H and 11B NMR spectra showed that they exist as a mixture of monomers and dimers in solution. Treating 4 with THF breaks up the dimer to yield the monomeric complex Nd(H3BPPh2BH3)3(THF)3 (4-THF). XRD studies revealed that 4-THF has one chelating and two dangling H3BPPh2BH3- ligands bound to the metal to accommodate binding of THF. In contrast to the results with K(H3BPPh2BH3), attempting the same mechanochemical reactions with Na(H3BPH2BH3) containing the simplest phosphinodiboranate were unsuccessful; only the partial metathesis product U(H3BPH2BH3)I2(THF)3 (5) was isolated in poor yields. Despite these limitations, our results offer new examples showing how mechanochemistry can be used to rapidly synthesize molecular coordination complexes that are otherwise difficult to prepare using more traditional solution methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor V Fetrow
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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8
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Zhang S, Zhai X, Song Y, Feng L, Tung CH, Wang W. Insertion of BH3 into a Cobalt–Aryl Bond: Synthetic Routes to Arylborohydride and Borane-Amino Hydride Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yike Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Cantu DC. Predicting lanthanide coordination structures in solution with molecular simulation. Methods Enzymol 2021; 651:193-233. [PMID: 33888204 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemical and physical properties of lanthanide coordination complexes can significantly change with small variations in their molecular structure. Further, in solution, coordination structures (e.g., lanthanide-ligand complexes) are dynamic. Resolving solution structures, computationally or experimentally, is challenging because structures in solution have limited spatial restrictions and are responsive to chemical or physical changes in their surroundings. To determine structures of lanthanide-ligand complexes in solution, a molecular simulation approach is presented in this chapter, which concurrently considers chemical reactions and molecular dynamics. Lanthanide ion, ligand, solvent, and anion molecules are explicitly included to identify, in atomic resolution, lanthanide coordination structures in solution. The computational protocol described is applicable to determining the molecular structure of lanthanide-ligand complexes, particularly with ligands known to bind lanthanides but whose structures have not been resolved, as well as with ligands not previously known to bind lanthanide ions. The approach in this chapter is also relevant to elucidating lanthanide coordination in more intricate structures, such as in the active site of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Cantu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States.
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Izod K, Watson JM, Harrington RW, Clegg W. Phosphido-bis(borane) complexes of the alkaline earth metals. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1019-1024. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03895d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phosphido-bis(borane) complexes 2–4 crystallise with remarkably similar structures, in spite of the progressively increasing ionic radii of the metal centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Izod
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - James M. Watson
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Ross W. Harrington
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - William Clegg
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
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Fiss BG, Richard AJ, Douglas G, Kojic M, Friščić T, Moores A. Mechanochemical methods for the transfer of electrons and exchange of ions: inorganic reactivity from nanoparticles to organometallics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8279-8318. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00918k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For inorganic metathesis and reduction reactivity, mechanochemistry is demonstrating great promise towards both nanoparticles and organometallics syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine G. Fiss
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Austin J. Richard
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Georgia Douglas
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Monika Kojic
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
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12
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Yuan R, Yan Z, Shaga A, He H. Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of a carbazole-based porous organic polymer with high CO2 capture and separation. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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