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Lu Z, Luciani L, Li S, Nesterov VN, Zuccaccia C, Macchioni A, Fripp JL, Zhang W, Omary MA, Galassi R. A Broadened Class of Donor-Acceptor Stacked Macrometallacyclic Adducts of Different Coinage Metals. Chemistry 2024:e202401576. [PMID: 38735852 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A yet-outstanding supramolecular chemistry challenge is isolation of novel varieties of stacked complexes with finely-tuned donor-acceptor bonding and optoelectronic properties, as herein reported for binary adducts comprising two different cyclic trinuclear complexes (CTC@CTC'). Most previous attempts focused only on 1-2 factors among metal/ligand/substituent combinations, resulting in heterobimetallic complexes. Instead, here we show that, when all 3 factors are carefully considered, a broadened variety of CTC@CTC' stacked pairs with intuitively-enhanced intertrimer coordinate-covalent bonding strength and ligand-ligand/metal-ligand dispersion are attained (dM-M' 2.868(2) Å; ΔE>50 kcal/mol, an order of magnitude higher than aurophilic/metallophilic interactions). Significantly, CTC@CTC' pairs remain intact/strongly-bound even in solution (Keq 4.67×105 L/mol via NMR/UV-vis titrations), and the gas phase (mass spectrometry revealing molecular peaks for the entire CTC@CTC' units in sublimed samples), rather than simple co-crystal formation. Photo-/electro-luminescence studies unravel metal-centered phosphorescence useful for novel all metal-organic light-emitting diodes (MOLEDs) optoelectronic device concepts. This work manifests systematic design of supramolecular bonding and multi-faceted spectral properties of pure metal-organic macrometallacyclic donor/acceptor (inorganic/inorganic) stacks with remarkably-rich optoelectronic properties akin to well-established organic/organic and organic/inorganic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, 76203, USA
| | - Lorenzo Luciani
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, ChIP Via Madonna delle Carceri, 10, I-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, 76203, USA
| | - Vladimir N Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, 76203, USA
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jacob L Fripp
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, 76203, USA
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, 76203, USA
| | - Mohammad A Omary
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, 76203, USA
| | - Rossana Galassi
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, ChIP Via Madonna delle Carceri, 10, I-62032, Camerino, Italy
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2
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Lu Z, Vanga M, Li S, Adebanjo JO, Patterson MR, Dias HVR, Omary MA. Relativistic modulation of supramolecular halogen/copper interactions and phosphorescence in Cu(I) pyrazolate cyclotrimers. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3964-3970. [PMID: 36594647 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03725d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Described herein are the synthesis, structure, and photophysics of the iodo-substituted cyclic trinuclear copper(I) complex, Cu3[4-I-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]3 supported by a highly-fluorinated pyrazolate in comparison with its previously reported 4-Br/4-Cl analogues. The crystal structure is stabilised by multiple supramolecular interactions of Cu3⋯I and hydrogen/halogen bonding. The photophysical properties and supramolecular interactions are investigated experimentally/computationally for all three 4-halo complexes vis-à-vis relativistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305070, Denton, Texas 76203, USA.
| | - Mukundam Vanga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305070, Denton, Texas 76203, USA.
| | - Joseph O Adebanjo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305070, Denton, Texas 76203, USA.
| | - Monika R Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
| | - Mohammad A Omary
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305070, Denton, Texas 76203, USA.
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3
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Galassi R, Luciani L, Graiff C, Manca G. A Reinterpretation of the Imidazolate Au(I) Cyclic Trinuclear Compounds Reactivity with Iodine and Methyl Iodide with the Perspective of the Inverted Ligand Field Theory. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3527-3539. [PMID: 35166538 PMCID: PMC8889582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Coinage metal cyclic trinuclear compounds
(CTCs) are an emerging
class of metal coordination compounds that are valuable for many fine
optoelectronic applications, even though the reactivity dependence
by the different bridging ligands remains somewhat unclear. In this
work, to furnish some hints to unravel the effect of substituents
on the chemistry of Au(I) CTCs made of a specific class of bridging
ligand, we have considered two imidazolate Au(I) CTCs and the effect
of different substituents on the pyrrolic N atoms relative to classic
metal oxidations with I2 or by probing electrophilic additions.
Experimental suggestions depict a thin borderline between the addition
of MeI to the N-methyl or N-benzyl imidazolyl CTCs, which afford the
oxidized CTC in the former and the ring opening of the CTC and the
formation of carbene species in the latter. Moreover, the reactions
with iodine yield to the oxidation of the metal centers for the former
and just of a metal center in the latter, even in molar excess of
iodine. The analysis of the bond distances in the X-ray crystal structures
of the oxidized highlights that Au(III)-C and Au(III)-N bonds are
longer than observed for Au(I)–C and Au(I)–N bonds,
as formally not expected for Au(III) centers. Computational studies
converge on the attribution of these discrepancies to an additional
case of inverted ligand field (ILF), which solves the question with
a new interpretation of the Au(I)–ligand bonding in the oxidized
CTCs, which furnishes a new interpretation of the Au(I)-ligand bonding
in the oxidized CTCs, opening a discussion about addition/oxidation
reactions. Finally, the theoretical studies outputs depict energy
profiles that are compatible with the experimental results obtained
in the reaction of the two CTCs toward the addition of I2, MeI, and HCl. A revisitation
of some classic oxidation reactions of gold
centers in cyclic trinuclear compounds (CTCs) provides experimental
results leading to the opportunity to delineate the effect of imidazole
substituents in different outcomes from the reactions of CTCs with
I2 or MeI. Moreover, with the match between experimental
and theoretical results, a new interpretation of the oxidation states
of tetracoordinate gold as cases of inverted ligand field (ILF) is
discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Galassi
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino, 1, I-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Luciani
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino, 1, I-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Manca
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo-Metallici, CNR-ICCOM, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Galassi R, Lu Z, Burini A, McDougald RN, Ricci S, Luciani L, Nesterov VN, Rawashdeh AMM, Omary MA. Soft metal cations trigger sandwich‐cluster luminescence of a new Au(I)‐vinylimidazolate cyclic trinuclear complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Galassi
- Universita degli Studi di Camerino Chemistry Division Via Sant'Agostino, 1 I-62032 Camerino ITALY
| | - Zhou Lu
- University of North Texas Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Alfredo Burini
- Università degli Studi di Camerino Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie: Universita degli Studi di Camerino Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie Chemistry ITALY
| | | | - Simone Ricci
- Universita di Camerino: Universita degli Studi di Camerino chemistry ITALY
| | - Lorenzo Luciani
- University of Camerino School of Science and Technology: Universita degli Studi di Camerino Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie Chemistry ITALY
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5
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Yang L, Wang L, Lv X, Chen JH, Wang Y, Yang G. Complexation of triangular silver(I) or copper(I) nitropyrazolates with dibenzothiophenes having potential use in adsorptive desulfurization. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2915-2927. [PMID: 33555282 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triangular silver(i) and copper(i) 3,5-diethyl-4-nitropyrazolates (abbreviated as [Ag(denpz)]3 or Ag3pz3, and [Cu(denpz)]3 or Cu3pz3), as well as their adducts with dibenzothiophene (DBT), 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (DMDBT) and benzothiophene (BT), have been prepared and characterized by a series of techniques. X-ray analyses show that these adducts are stabilized by MS, MC contacts and ππ stacking interactions. NMR measurements and theoretical calculations indicate that the intensity of interaction between the metal complexes and dibenzothiophenes follows the trend: Ag3pz3-DMDBT > Ag3pz3-DBT > Cu3pz3-DMDBT > Cu3pz3-DBT, which can be understood on the basis of a weak interaction between π-acid (Ag3pz3 or Cu3pz3) and π-base (DBT/DMDBT). Both complexes show good adsorptive ability and reusability toward the removal of DBT and DMDBT from model oil (n-octane), with the maximum adsorption capacity at room temperature being 39 mg S (DMDBT) per g Cu3pz3, 34 mg S (DMDBT) per g Ag3pz3, 40 mg S (DBT) per g Cu3pz3, 36 mg S (DBT) per g Ag3pz3, respectively. Compared to Ag3pz3, Cu3pz3 exhibits higher adsorptive capacities for DBT/DMDBT, which has been attributed to its lower molecular mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Lihong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China.
| | - Xingpu Lv
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Jing-Huo Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Zhan SZ, Chen W, Zheng J, Ng SW, Li D. Luminescent polymorphic aggregates of trinuclear Cu(I)-pyrazolate tuned by intertrimeric CuN Py weak coordination bonds. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1733-1739. [PMID: 33459321 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03661g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five luminescent polymorphic aggregates of trinuclear Cu(i)-pyrazolate, namely [anti-Cu3L3]2 (1), [syn-Cu3L3·C2H5OH]2 (2), [anti-Cu3L3·C2H5OH]n (3), [anti-Cu3L3·0.5C7H8]n (4) and [syn-Cu3L3·C8H10]n (5) (HL = 4-(pyridin-4-ylthio)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole), were reported. The trimeric Cu3L3 fragments present syn- and anti-conformations dependent on the dangled direction of 4-pyridyl groups on the two sides of the Cu3Pz3 plane (Pz = pyrazolate). Intertrimeric NPyCu weak coordination bonds associate these Cu3L3 fragments together to form dimeric or polymeric structures, which are further stabilized by crystallized solvent molecules or intertrimeric CuCu interactions. The solvated complexes (3-5) may be transformed into the unsolvated complex 1 by evacuation of the crystallized solvents upon heating. All these complexes emit from green to yellow under UV irradiation, which originated from the triplet excited states of metal to ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) mixed with intertrimeric CuCu interactions. This work provides a novel kind of supramolecular aggregate based on Cu3Pz3 beyond the classical π-acidbase adducts and metallophilicity-dependent dimers/oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ze Zhan
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China.
| | - Ji Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China.
| | - Seik Weng Ng
- UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China.
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7
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Kazheva ON, Chudak DM, Shilov GV, Kravchenko AV, Kosenko ID, Sivaev IB, Abashev GG, Shklyaeva EV, Starodub VA, Buravov LI, Bregadze VI, Dyachenko OA. First radical cation salts based on dibenzotetrathiafulvalene (DBTTF) with metallacarborane anions: Synthesis, structure, properties. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Zheng J, Lu Z, Wu K, Ning GH, Li D. Coinage-Metal-Based Cyclic Trinuclear Complexes with Metal-Metal Interactions: Theories to Experiments and Structures to Functions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9675-9742. [PMID: 32786416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the d10 coinage metal complexes, cyclic trinuclear complexes (CTCs) or trinuclear metallocycles with intratrimer metal-metal interactions are fascinating and important metal-organic or organometallic π-acids/bases. Each CTC of characteristic planar or near-planar trimetal nine-membered rings consists of Au(I)/Ag(I)/Cu(I) cations that linearly coordinate with N and/or C atoms in ditopic anionic bridging ligands. Since the first discovery of Au(I) CTC in the 1970s, research of CTCs has involved several fundamental areas, including noncovalent and metallophilic interaction, excimer/exciplex, acid-base chemistry, metalloaromaticity, supramolecular assemblies, and host/guest chemistry. These allow CTCs to be embraced in a wide range of innovative potential applications that include chemical sensing, semiconducting, gas and liquid adsorption/separation, catalysis, full-color display, and solid-state lighting. This review aims to provide a historic and comprehensive summary on CTCs and their extension to higher nuclearity complexes and coordination polymers from the perspectives of synthesis, structure, theoretical insight, and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hong Ning
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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