1
|
Development and Application of Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) Based Complexes for Anion Sensing. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031231. [PMID: 36770897 PMCID: PMC9920910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in the design of receptors for the detection and quantification of anions are desirable and ongoing in the field of anion chemistry, and remarkable progress has been made in this direction. In this regard, the development of luminescent chemosensors for sensing anions is an imperative and demanding sub-area in supramolecular chemistry. This decade, in particular, witnessed advancements in chemosensors based on ruthenium and iridium complexes for anion sensing by virtue of their modular synthesis and rich chemical and photophysical properties, such as visible excitation wavelength, high quantum efficiency, high luminescence intensity, long lifetimes of phosphorescence, and large Stokes shifts, etc. Thus, this review aims to summarize the recent advances in the development of ruthenium(II) and iridium(III)-based complexes for their application as luminescent chemosensors for anion sensing. In addition, the focus was devoted to designing aspects of polypyridyl complexes of these two transition metals with different recognition motifs, which upon interacting with different inorganic anions, produces desirable quantifiable outputs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mondal S, Sarkar K, Ghosh P. Influence of Triazole Substituents of Bis-Heteroleptic Ru(II) Probes toward Selective Sensing of Dihydrogen Phosphate. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9084-9096. [PMID: 34102838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of seven new bis-heteroleptic Ru(II) probes (1[PF6]2-7[PF6]2) along with two previously reported probes (8[PF6]2 and 9[PF6]2) containing a similar anion binding triazole unit (hydrogen bond donor) functionalized with various substituents are employed in a detailed comparative investigation for the development of superior selective probes for H2PO4-. Various solution- and solid-state studies, such as 1H-DOSY NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), have established that the selective sensing of H2PO4- by this series of probes is primarily due to supramolecular aggregation driven enhancement of 3MLCT emission. Intestingly, 1[PF6]2 and 7[PF6]2, having an electron-deficient (π-acidic) aromatic pentafluorophenyl substituent are found to be superior probes for H2PO4- in comparison to the other aryl- and polyaromatic-substituted analogues (2[PF6]2-6[PF6]2, 8[PF6]2, and 9[PF6]2), in terms of a higher enhancement of the 3MLCT emission band, a greater binding constant, and a lower detection limit. The superiority of 1[PF6]2 and 7[PF6]2 could be due to better supramolecular aggregation properties in the cases of pentafluorophenyl analogues via both hydrogen bonding and anion-fluorine/anion-π noncovalent interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahidul Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Koushik Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Encapsulation of positive ion [Ni(Im)6]2+ in a cage structure based on imidazole sulfate supramolecules self-assemble: Preparation, structure, hirshfeld surface analysis and electrochemical study. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Sivchik V, Kochetov A, Eskelinen T, Kisel KS, Solomatina AI, Grachova EV, Tunik SP, Hirva P, Koshevoy IO. Modulation of Metallophilic and π-π Interactions in Platinum Cyclometalated Luminophores with Halogen Bonding. Chemistry 2021; 27:1787-1794. [PMID: 32970903 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent cyclometalated complexes [M(C^N^N)CN] (M=Pt, Pd; HC^N^N=pyridinyl- (M=Pt 1, Pd 5), benzyltriazolyl- (M=Pt 2), indazolyl- (M=Pt 3, Pd 6), pyrazolyl-phenylpyridine (M=Pt 4)) decorated with cyanide ligand, have been explored as nucleophilic building blocks for the construction of halogen-bonded (XB) adducts using IC6 F5 as an XB donor. The negative electrostatic potential of the CN group afforded CN⋅⋅⋅I noncovalent interactions for platinum complexes 1-3; the energies of XB contacts are comparable to those of metallophilic bonding according to QTAIM analysis. Embedding the chromophore units into XB adducts 1-3⋅⋅⋅IC6 F5 has little effect on the charge distribution, but strongly affects Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt bonding and π-stacking, which lead to excited states of MMLCT (metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer) origin. The energies of these states and the photoemissive properties of the crystalline materials are primarily determined by the degree of aggregation of the luminophores via metal-metal interactions. The adduct formation depends on the nature of the metal and the structure of the metalated ligand, the variation of which can yield dynamic XB-supported systems, exemplified by thermally regulated transition 3↔3⋅⋅⋅IC6 F5 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Sivchik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Aleksandr Kochetov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Toni Eskelinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kristina S Kisel
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, Petergof, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia I Solomatina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, Petergof, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, Petergof, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey P Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, Petergof, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pipsa Hirva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Igor O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nemec V, Lisac K, Bedeković N, Fotović L, Stilinović V, Cinčić D. Crystal engineering strategies towards halogen-bonded metal–organic multi-component solids: salts, cocrystals and salt cocrystals. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This highlight presents an overview of the current advances in the preparation of halogen bonded metal–organic multi-component solids, including salts and cocrystals comprising neutral and ionic constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinko Nemec
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Katarina Lisac
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Nikola Bedeković
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Luka Fotović
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stilinović
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Dominik Cinčić
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kampes R, Tepper R, Görls H, Bellstedt P, Jäger M, Schubert US. Facile and Reliable Emission-Based Nanomolar Anion Sensing by Luminescent Iridium Receptors Featuring Chelating Halogen-Bonding Sites. Chemistry 2020; 26:14679-14687. [PMID: 32686111 PMCID: PMC7756348 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An anion sensor is presented that combines a bidentate hydrogen‐ (HB) or halogen‐bonding (XB) site with a luminescent monocationic Ir fragment for strong binding of common anions (Ka up to 6×104
m−1) with diagnostic emission changes. A new emission‐based protocol for fast and reliable detection was derived on the basis of correction for systematic but unspecific background effects. Such a simple correction routine circumvents the hitherto practical limitations of systematic emission‐based analysis of anion binding with validated open‐source software (BindFit). The anticipated order of Ka values was obeyed according to size and basicity of the anions (Cl>Br=OAc) as well as the donor atom of the receptor (XB: 6×104
m−1 > HB: 5×103
m−1), and led to submicromolar limits of detection within minutes. The results were further validated by advanced NMR techniques, and corroborated by X‐ray crystallographic data and DFT analysis, which reproduced the structural and electronic features in excellent agreement. The results suggest that corrected emission‐based sensing may become a complementary, reliable, and fast tool to promote the use of XB in various application fields, due to the simple and fast optical determination at high dilution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kampes
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ronny Tepper
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Current address: Intelligent fluids GmbH, Karl-Heine-Strasse 99, 04229, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|