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Chaudhry MT, Patrick BO, Akine S, MacLachlan MJ. Noncooperative guest binding by metal-free [2 + 2] Schiff-base macrocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8259-8268. [PMID: 36222441 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01511k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salphen-based [n + n] macrocycles have been widely explored for their unique chemical and topological properties following metal ion coordination. Despite having vastly different reactivity than their coordinated counterparts, fewer studies have focused on metal-free salphen macrocycles. We investigated the binding of [2 + 2] Schiff-base macrocycle host 3, which contains a central 18-crown-6-like cavity and two N2O2 moieties. This macrocycle strongly binds to spherical cationic guests (K11 ≈ 103-104 M-1, DCM/MeCN). The most robust binding was shown for K+ and Na+, followed by Li+ and Rb+. More sterically demanding cationic guests like dibenzylammonium (DBA+) showed almost no binding. The binding pocket in 3 is slightly smaller than 18-crown-6, resulting in binding outside the cavity, which provides a scaffold appropriate for 2 : 1 complexes, where two host molecules sandwich the guest. All host-guest complexes follow a 2 : 1 noncooperative binding model, where each successive binding event is less likely than the previous, unlike coordinated versions of 3, where most binding is 1 : 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Chaudhry
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Chaudhry MT, Akine S, MacLachlan MJ. Contemporary macrocycles for discrete polymetallic complexes: precise control over structure and function. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10713-10732. [PMID: 34378585 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00225b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The growth of multimetallic clusters and complexes can proceed in the presence of suitable ligands, but often leads to polydisperse structures with poor solubility. As an alternative approach, macrocyclic molecules can anchor the multimetallic complex, directing its formation and stabilizing the resulting product. This approach can provide excellent control over the growth of clusters, and offers a handle to control solubility and other properties of the resulting complexes. In this Tutorial Review, we discuss recent activity (primarily the last two decades) directed at the controlled and reproducible synthesis of multimetallic complexes using macrocyclic ligands. Throughout the review, we focus on the unusual structures that are only accessible by using macrocycles as ligands, and their unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Chaudhry
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan. .,Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada. .,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan. .,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Akine S, Miyashita M, Nabeshima T. Enhancement of Alkali Metal Ion Recognition by Metalation of a Tris(saloph) Cryptand Having Benzene Rings at the Bridgeheads. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12961-12971. [PMID: 34310880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cryptand derivative, H6L, which has three H2saloph arms connected by two benzene ring bridgeheads, was synthesized and converted into the trinuclear metallocryptand, LNi3. The nonmetalated host, H6L, was found to bind to alkali metal ions (Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+; logKa = 3.37-6.67) in its well-defined cavity in DMSO/chloroform (1:9). The binding affinity was enhanced by 1-2 orders of magnitude upon the conversion into the metallocryptand, LNi3, which can be explained by the more polarized phenoxo groups in the [Ni(saloph)] arms. The guest binding affinity of Na+ < K+ < Rb+ ≈ Cs+ was clearly demonstrated by the 1H NMR competition experiments. The DFT calculations suggested that the Rb+ ion most suitably fit into the benzene-benzene spacing with a cation-π interaction and that only the largest Cs+ ion can almost equally interact with all six phenoxo oxygen donor atoms. The metallocryptand, LNi3, also showed a strong binding affinity to Ag+ by taking advantage of cation-π interactions, which was confirmed by spectroscopic titrations and crystallographic analysis as well as DFT calculations. Thus, the well-defined three-dimensional cavity of LNi3 was found to be suitable for strong binding with alkali metal ions as well as Ag+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology/Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masato Miyashita
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nabeshima
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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Akine S. Control of guest binding behavior of metal-containing host molecules by ligand exchange. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4429-4444. [PMID: 33877165 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the control of guest binding behavior of metal-containing host molecules that is driven by ligand exchange reactions at the metal centers. Recently, a vast number of metal-containing host molecules including metal-assisted self-assembled structures have been developed, and the structural transformation after construction of the host framework has now been of interest from the viewpoint of functional switching and tuning. Among the various kinds of chemical transformations, ligand exchange has a great advantage in the structural conversions of metal-containing hosts, because ligand exchange usually proceeds under mild conditions that do not affect the host framework. In this review, the structural transformations are classified into three types: (1) weak-link approach, (2) subcomponent substitution, and (3) post-metalation modification, according to the type of coordination motif. The control of their guest binding behavior by the structural transformations is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Akine
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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Sakata Y, Okada M, Akine S. Guest Recognition Control Accompanied by Stepwise Gate Closing and Opening of a Macrocyclic Metallohost. Chemistry 2021; 27:2284-2288. [PMID: 33026677 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Host-guest binding behavior of macrocyclic hosts is significantly influenced by the shapes and sizes of the hosts. In particular, closing/opening the apertures of the hosts controls the guest uptake/release. A post-metalation modification method was used to achieve the open/close conversions. The starting open complex, [LCo2 (pip)4 ](OTf)2 , was efficiently converted to the closed complex, [LCo2 (hda)2 ](OTf)2 , which has a doubly bridged structure. The conversion of this closed complex to the open complex [LCo2 (hda)2 (OAc)]+ was too slow to be completed, but this gate-opening was dramatically accelerated by the addition of Na+ . The Na+ binding was also significantly enhanced by the gate-opening, that is, conversion of [LCo2 (hda)2 ]2+ to [LCo2 (hda)2 (OAc)]+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Sakata Y, Okada M, Tamiya M, Akine S. Post‐Metalation Modification of a Macrocyclic Dicobalt(III) Metallohost by Site‐Selective Ligand Exchange for Guest Recognition Control. Chemistry 2020; 26:7595-7601. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyKanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI)Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyKanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Munehiro Tamiya
- Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyKanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyKanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI)Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
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Akine S, Sakata Y. Control of Guest Binding Kinetics in Macrocycles and Molecular Cages. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Grgurić T, Cetina M, Petroselli M, Bacchiocchi C, Dzolić Z, Cametti M. Anion binding with biphenyl-bis-urea derivatives: solution and solid-state studies. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03670f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bis-urea derivatives 1–3, featuring a biphenyl spacer, were synthesized, characterized and investigated about their anion binding properties in DMSO solution and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Cetina
- University of Zagreb
- Faculty of Textile Technology
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Manuel Petroselli
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
| | - Corrado Bacchiocchi
- School of Science and Technology
- Chemistry Division
- University of Camerino
- I-62032 Camerino (MC)
- Italy
| | | | - Massimo Cametti
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
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