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Ravichandran R, Jayachandran S, Annamalai A, Annamalai K, Jeevarathinam A, Elumalai S. Solid Handmade Ternary Coinage Metal Mentors for Organic Bond-Making and Bond-Breaking Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38961769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
A comparative approach is employed for the novel synthesis of a magnetically recoverable ternary nanocomposite consisting of g-C3N4-supported Fe3O4 decorated with coinage metals (Au, Ag, and Cu). This synthesis is achieved through a straightforward and convenient one-step grinding protocol. In situ, the nanoparticles were grown on the g-C3N4-assist Fe3O4 matrix (GCFM), and the agglomeration of these nanoparticles on the matrix creates a pathway for the formation of the nanocomposite (NC). The as-formed CNC was confirmed with the help of characterization analyses, namely XRD, FT-IR, HR-TEM, FE-SEM, XPS, VSM, UV-vis, and NMR studies. Together with NPs and GCFM, with the quantum consequence, the activity of the NC shows better electron transfer via transfer of electrons, which grabs tremendous attention toward it, resulting in enhanced plausible photocatalytic degradation toward pharmaceutical compounds, dyes, and anthropogenic pollutants. The activity of the C-NC hikes at 88% for ciprofloxacin (CX) and 90% for paracetamol (PM); furthermore, the activity of the C-NC hikes at 88% and 87% for xylene Cyanol FF (XCF) and malachite green (MLG), respectively. Interestingly, an added advantage is the formation of a C-C bond (homocoupling reaction) in phenylboronic acid (PA) via a greener solvent under ambient conditions. The yield percentage of the conversion product shows satisfactory results, and its reproducibility was good for the prepared ternary NC. The conversion treatment of anthropogenic pollutants, namely 4-nitrophenol, grasps a high percentage (98%). In addition, the NC shows good activity toward both types of bacteria. The reproducibility of the composite also shows virtuous activity against pharmaceutical as well as toxic contaminants. The as-prepared CNC was specifically engineered to perform both bond formation and bond cleavage of organic molecules under ambient conditions for multiple cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ravichandran
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Sreelakshmi Jayachandran
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Arun Annamalai
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Kumaresan Annamalai
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Anandhavalli Jeevarathinam
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Sundaravadivel Elumalai
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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Mohammadpour S, Moghadam PN, Gharbani P. Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of a PVDF/cellulose membrane modified with nano Fe 3O 4 for removal of methylene blue using RSM under visible light. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8801-8809. [PMID: 38495979 PMCID: PMC10941093 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08599f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, a polymeric membrane-based polyvinylidene fluoride coated with cellulose and loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles (PVDF/cellulose/Fe3O4) was synthesized and was characterized using FESEM, XRD, AFM, and contact angle measurements. The activity and modification of the PVDF/cellulose/Fe3O4 membrane under visible light for the removal of methylene blue were studied using the central composite design. The effect of influential variables such as pH, methylene blue concentration, amount of Fe3O4 in the membrane, and irradiation time on MB removal was investigated. Analysis of variance was used to determine the significance of experimental factors and their interactions. About 72.5% methylene blue removal using the PVDF/cellulose/Fe3O4 membrane under visible light was achieved at optimum conditions of a pH of 9, methylene blue concentration of 600 mg L-1, Fe3O4 amount of 0.03 g, and irradiation time of 117 min. Finally, results confirmed that the proposed membrane has good performance for methylene blue removal under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Mohammadpour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia 57153-165 Iran
| | - Peyman Najafi Moghadam
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia 57153-165 Iran
| | - Parvin Gharbani
- Department Chemistry, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University Ahar Iran
- Industrial Nanotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University Tabriz Iran
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Shabbir B, Jabbour K, Manzoor S, Ashiq MF, Fawy KF, Ashiq MN. Solvothermally designed Pr-MOF/Fe 2O 3 based nanocomposites for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20261. [PMID: 37842581 PMCID: PMC10568344 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To meet the energy demand of modern civilization, efforts to find renewable, safe, and highly effective fuel generation are still a big challenge. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of many modern technologies for hydrogen generation, and a number of new electrode materials have been created to increase the effectiveness of O2 evolution. This project utilizes a range of high performance nanomaterials, such as Pr-MOF, Fe2O3, and Pr-MOF/Fe2O3, to carry out the oxygen evolution reaction. This study shows that Pr-MOF/Fe2O3 exhibits exceptional electrocatalytic activity in alkaline solution with 238 mV overpotential at the current density of 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 37 mV dec-1 which is much lower when compared to pure Pr-MOF and Fe2O3. The enhanced electrochemical results are due to the higher electrochemical surface area of 237 cm2. This work will lay the foundation for an approach to enhance the crystalline nature of surface-active nanoparticles made from rare earth MOFs for a range of electrochemical energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Shabbir
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Karam Jabbour
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Sumaira Manzoor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem Ashiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Khaled Fahmi Fawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ashiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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Bazrafshan E, Mohammadi L, Zarei AA, Mosafer J, Zafar MN, Dargahi A. Optimization of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol using superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe 3O 4) nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25408-25424. [PMID: 37636498 PMCID: PMC10448231 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03612j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work was carried out to remove phenol from aqueous medium using a photocatalytic process with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) called SPIONs. The photocatalytic process was optimized using a central composite design based on the response surface methodology. The effects of pH (3-7), UV/SPION nanoparticles ratio (1-3), contact time (30-90 minutes), and initial phenol concentration (20-80 mg L-1) on the photocatalytic process were investigated. The interaction of the process parameters and their optimal conditions were determined using CCD. The statistical data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. We developed a quadratic model using a central composite design to indicate the photocatalyst impact on the decomposition of phenol. There was a close similarity between the empirical values gained for the phenol content and the predicted response values. Considering the design, optimum values of pH, phenol concentration, UV/SPION ratio, and contact time were determined to be 3, 80 mg L-1, 3, and 60 min, respectively; 94.9% of phenol was eliminated under the mentioned conditions. Since high values were obtained for the adjusted R2 (0.9786) and determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9875), the response surface methodology can describe the phenol removal by the use of the photocatalytic process. According to the one-way analysis of variance results, the quadratic model obtained by RSM is statistically significant for removing phenol. The recyclability of 92% after four consecutive cycles indicates the excellent stability of the photocatalyst for practical applications. Our research findings indicate that it is possible to employ response surface methodology as a helpful tool to optimize and modify process parameters for maximizing phenol removal from aqueous solutions and photocatalytic processes using SPIONs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Bazrafshan
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences Torbat Heydariyeh 33787 95196 Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences Torbat Heydariyeh 33787 95196 Iran
| | - Leili Mohammadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan 98167-43463 Iran
| | - Amin Allah Zarei
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences Torbat Heydariyeh 33787 95196 Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences Torbat Heydariyeh 33787 95196 Iran
| | - Jafar Mosafer
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences Torbat Heydariyeh 33787 95196 Iran
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences Torbat Heydariyeh Iran
| | | | - Abdollah Dargahi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences Khalkhal Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran
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Parwaz Khan AA, Singh P, Raizada P, Khan A, Asiri AM, Alotaibi MM. Photo-Fenton assisted AgCl and P-doped g-C 3N 4 Z-scheme photocatalyst coupled with Fe 3O 4/H 2O 2 system for 2, 4-dimethylphenol degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137839. [PMID: 36640984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4 or GCN) and phosphorus doped graphitic carbon nitride (p-g-C3N4 or PCN) were prepared using facile thermal polycondensation method. Phosphorus doping was employed to preserve the non-metallic nature of GCN. The AgCl/PCN/Fe3O4 heterojunction was synthesized using a simple in-situ route. The photocatalytic performance of the GCN, PCN, Fe3O4 and AgCl/PCN/Fe3O4 was tested towards 2, 4-dimethylphenol (DMP) pollutant. The work explored improvement in physiochemical properties and reduction of band gap of GCN after P doping (through Tauc's plot method). Coupling with AgCl (silver halide) also enhanced photoinduced charge carriers' separation and migration ability due to apt band alignment among both AgCl and PCN photocatalysts which resulted in formation of direct Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism. Similarly, the incorporation of ferrimagnetic material i.e. Fe3O4 enhanced the generation of hydroxyl (•OH) radicals via photo-Fenton process and facilitated photocatalysts easy separation from the aqueous medium. Through PL and EIS analysis the enhanced charge separation and migration ability in AgCl/PCN/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was validated. The attained DMP degradation efficiency of photo-Fenton assisted AgCl/PCN/Fe3O4/H2O2 Z-scheme nanocomposite was much higher i.e. 99% compared to other photocatalysts within 60 min of visible light irradiation following pseudo-first-order kinetics. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and scavenging tests confirmed the substantial role of •OH and •O2- radicals in the photo-Fenton reaction. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis detected the generated oxidative products and mineralization pathways associated with DMP degradation. The proposed direct Z-scheme charge transfer route presented efficient charge separation and migration ability in AgCl/PCN/Fe3O4 nanocomposite. Recycle ability of the fabricated AgCl/PCN/Fe3O4 photocatalyst was tested up to 5 cycles with 90% removal efficacy, confirming the excellent reusability and stability of AgCl/PCN/Fe3O4 photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP, 173229, India.
| | - Pankaj Raizada
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP, 173229, India
| | - Anish Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Alotaibi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Pattanayak DS, Pal D, Mishra J, Thakur C. Noble metal-free doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4) for efficient photodegradation of antibiotics: progress, limitations, and future directions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25546-25558. [PMID: 35469383 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is well recognised as one of the most promising materials for photocatalytic activities such as environmental remediation via organic pollution elimination. New methods of nanoscale structure design introduce tunable electrical characteristics and broaden their use as visible light-induced photocatalysts. This paper summarises the most recent developments in the design of g-C3N4 with element doping. Various methods of introducing metal and nonmetal elements into g-C3N4 have been investigated in order to simultaneously tune the material's textural and electronic properties to improve its response to the entire visible light range, facilitate charge separation, and extend charge carrier lifetime. The degradation of antibiotics is one of the application domains of such doped g-C3N4. We expect that this research will provide fresh insights into clear design methods for efficient photocatalysts that will solve environmental challenges in a sustainable manner. Finally, the problems and potential associated with g-C3N4-based nanomaterials are discussed. This review is expected to encourage the ongoing development of g-C3N4-based materials for greater efficiency in photocatalytic antibiotic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruti Sundar Pattanayak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, 492 010, CG, India
| | - Dharm Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, 492 010, CG, India.
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Chemistry (Environmental Science and Technology Program), ITER, Siksha'O'Anusandhan (Deemed to Be) University, Bhubaneswar, 751 030, Odisha, India
| | - Chandrakant Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, 492 010, CG, India
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Mishra BP, Acharya L, Parida K. Synergistic effect of exfoliation and substitutional doping in graphitic carbon nitride for photocatalytic H 2O 2 production and H 2 generation: a comparison and kinetic study. Catal Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy02028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The fabricated exfoliated e-BCN demonstrated stupendous H2O2 production and H2 generation owing to sufficient active surface area and enhanced aromatic π-conjugation, faster charge migration/separation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashree Priyadarshini Mishra
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar-751030, India
| | - Lopamudra Acharya
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar-751030, India
| | - Kulamani Parida
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar-751030, India
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Zheng Z, Han F, Xing B, Han X, Li B. Synthesis of Fe 3O 4@CdS@CQDs ternary core-shell heterostructures as a magnetically recoverable photocatalyst for selective alcohol oxidation coupled with H 2O 2 production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 624:460-470. [PMID: 35667208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of aromatic alcohols to corresponding aldehydes coupled with producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) represents one of the most efficient strategies for converting solar energy into chemical energy. In this work, a magnetically recoverable photocatalyst of Fe3O4@CdS@CQDs ternary core-shell heterostructures is elaborately fabricated through the hydrothermal growth of CdS on Fe3O4 nanospheres with in-situ incorporation of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and used for selective alcohol oxidation coupled with H2O2 production. The Fe3O4@CdS@CQDs photocatalyst possess distinct advantages of full solar spectral absorption, efficient charge separation, and high stability. The Fe3O4-nanosphere cores not only endow photocatalyst with the characteristics of magnetic recovery but also form Fe3O4@CdS Z-scheme heterojunction to prevent CdS from photocorrosion. The in-situ modified CQDs act as charge mediators to accelerate the photogenerated electron-hole separation and afford active sites to facilitate H2O2 production. As a result, the Fe3O4@CdS@CQDs photocatalyst exhibits excellent performance in selectively converting benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde accompanied with H2O2 production. The generation rates of benzaldehyde and H2O2 reach up to 57.22 and 27.06 mmol·gCdS-1·h-1, respectively. This work highlights a rational construction of magnetic heterostructure photocatalyst and its application in the photo-redox coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fang Han
- Anhui Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Technical Center, 329 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaobo Han
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Benxia Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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10
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Preparation of Cotton Linters' Aerogel-Based C/NiFe 2O 4 Photocatalyst for Efficient Degradation of Methylene Blue. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122021. [PMID: 35745360 PMCID: PMC9230095 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
At present, the research focus has been aimed at the pursuit of the design and synthesis of catalysts for effective photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater, and further exploration of novel materials of the photodegradation catalyst. In this paper, the Sol-gel route after thermal treatment was used to produce NiFe2O4 carbon aerogel (NiFe2O4-CA) nanocomposites with cotton linter cellulose as the precursor of aerogel, by co-precipitating iron and nickel salts onto its substrate. The structure and composition of these materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectra, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), high-resolution scanning electron microscope mapping (SEM-mapping), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)'s surface area. The magnetic properties of the material were analyzed by a vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). Moreover, diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and photo-luminescence spectroscopy (PL) characterized the photoelectric properties of this cellulose-aerogels-based NiFe2O4-CA. Methylene blue (MB) acted as the simulated pollutant, and the photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4-CA nanocomposites under visible light was evaluated by adjusting H2O2 content and the pH value. The results showed that the optical absorption range of nickel ferrite was broadened by doping cellulose-aerogels-based carbon, which exerted more positive effects on photocatalytic reactions. This is because the doping of this aerogel carbon promoted a more uniform distribution of NiFe2O4 particles. Given the Methylene blue (MB) degradation reaction conformed to the first-order kinetic equation, the NiFe2O4-CA nanocomposites conducted excellent catalytic activity by maintaining almost 99% of the removal of MB (60 mg/L) within 180 min and upheld excellent stability over four consecutive cycles. This study indicated that NiFe2O4-CA nanocomposites reserved the potential as a future effective treatment of dye wastewater.
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Alaghmandfard A, Ghandi K. A Comprehensive Review of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C 3N 4)-Metal Oxide-Based Nanocomposites: Potential for Photocatalysis and Sensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:294. [PMID: 35055311 PMCID: PMC8779993 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
g-C3N4 has drawn lots of attention due to its photocatalytic activity, low-cost and facile synthesis, and interesting layered structure. However, to improve some of the properties of g-C3N4, such as photochemical stability, electrical band structure, and to decrease charge recombination rate, and towards effective light-harvesting, g-C3N4-metal oxide-based heterojunctions have been introduced. In this review, we initially discussed the preparation, modification, and physical properties of the g-C3N4 and then, we discussed the combination of g-C3N4 with various metal oxides such as TiO2, ZnO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, WO3, SnO, SnO2, etc. We summarized some of their characteristic properties of these heterojunctions, their optical features, photocatalytic performance, and electrical band edge positions. This review covers recent advances, including applications in water splitting, CO2 reduction, and photodegradation of organic pollutants, sensors, bacterial disinfection, and supercapacitors. We show that metal oxides can improve the efficiency of the bare g-C3N4 to make the composites suitable for a wide range of applications. Finally, this review provides some perspectives, limitations, and challenges in investigation of g-C3N4-metal-oxide-based heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khashayar Ghandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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12
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Acharya L, Mishra BP, Pattnaik SP, Acharya R, Parida K. Incorporating nitrogen vacancies in exfoliated B-doped g-C 3N 4 towards improved photocatalytic ciprofloxacin degradation and hydrogen evolution. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05838j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The e-BCN fabricated from the double calcination process exhibited significant photocatalytic activity towards photocatalytic ciprofloxacin degradation and hydrogen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Acharya
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
| | - Bhagyashree Priyadarshini Mishra
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
| | - Sambhu Prasad Pattnaik
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
| | - Rashmi Acharya
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
| | - Kulamani Parida
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
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13
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Wang J, Zhang S, Li X, Li X, Cai P, Mu Y, Sun M, Yin G, Dong S, Chen A. Synthesis of chip-shaped Te film for enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Das S, Chowdhury A. Recent advancements of g-C 3N 4-based magnetic photocatalysts towards the degradation of organic pollutants: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:072004. [PMID: 34731840 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis premised on advanced oxidation processes has witnessed a broad application perspective, including water purification and environmental remediation. In particular, the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), an earth-abundant metal-free conjugated polymer, has acquired extensive application scope and interdisciplinary consideration owing to its outstanding structural and physicochemical properties. However, several issues such as the high recombination rate of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs, smaller specific surface area, and lower electrical conductivity curtail the catalytic efficacy of bulk g-C3N4. Another challenging task is separating the catalyst from the reaction medium, limiting their reusability and practical applications. Therefore, several methodologies are adopted strategically to tackle these issues. Attention is being paid, especially to the magnetic nanocomposites (NCs) based catalysts to enhance efficiency and proficient reusability property. This review summarizes the latest progress related to the design and development of magnetic g-C3N4-based NCs and their utilization in photocatalytic systems. The usefulness of the semiconductor heterojunctions on the catalytic activity, working mechanism, and degradation of pollutants are discussed in detail. The major challenges and prospects of using magnetic g-C3N4-based NCs for photocatalytic applications are highlighted in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Das
- Organic Electronics & Sensor Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
| | - Avijit Chowdhury
- Organic Electronics & Sensor Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
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15
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Microwave Induced Inverse Spinel NiFe2O4 Decorated g-C3N4 Nanosheet for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Acharya L, Pattnaik SP, Behera A, Acharya R, Parida K. Exfoliated Boron Nitride (e-BN) Tailored Exfoliated Graphitic Carbon Nitride (e-CN): An Improved Visible Light Mediated Photocatalytic Approach towards TCH Degradation and H 2 Evolution. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5021-5033. [PMID: 33739825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2D/2D exfoliated boron nitride/exfoliated g-C3N4 nanocomposites denoted as e-BN/e-CN have been successfully prepared using a simple in situ technique. The successful deposition of e-BN on e-CN was confirmed from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis. According to electrochemical measurements, 1.5 wt % e-BN/e-CN nanocomposites showed 1.5 times more photocurrent than e-CN, which indicates the successful formation of an e-BN/e-CN heterostructure. The photocatalytic activities of the e-CN and e-BN/e-CN composites were investigated through photocatalytic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation and H2 evolution under visible light illumination. The 1.5 wt % e-BN/e-CN composite demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activities, which are about 21 and 1.5 fold greater than e-CN towards H2 generation with an apparent conversion efficiency of 2.34% and TCH degradation, respectively. The improved photocatalytic activities of e-BN/e-CN photocatalysts were ascribed to the augmented light-harvesting ability and enhanced separation efficiency of charge carriers. Lower photoluminescence intensity and a smaller arc value in the impedance spectra again proved the reduced recombination of the e--h+ pairs in the e-BN/e-CN nanocomposites. Trapping experiments show that •O2-, h+, and •OH radicals are the predominant reactive species that accelerated the photocatalytic activities of e-BN/e-CN composites. This study opens up a new window towards the fabrication of such 2D/2D nanocomposites in the field of photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Acharya
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, ITER, Siksha "O" Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751030, India
| | - Sambhu Prasad Pattnaik
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, ITER, Siksha "O" Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751030, India
| | - Arjun Behera
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, ITER, Siksha "O" Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751030, India
| | - Rashmi Acharya
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, ITER, Siksha "O" Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751030, India
| | - Kulamani Parida
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, ITER, Siksha "O" Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751030, India
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17
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Wang K, Zhan S, Zhang D, Sun H, Jin X, Wang J. Three-dimensional graphene encapsulated Ag-ZnFe 2O 4 flower-like nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4723-4739. [PMID: 35424420 PMCID: PMC8694424 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09582f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) Ag–ZnFe2O4-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal and photo-reduction method, and the morphological differences of the materials were observed. Their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) under visible-light irradiation. The results indicated that Ag–ZnFe2O4–rGO exhibited superior photocatalytic properties and good stability. In this research, the enhancement of photocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the electron channelization ability of rGO, which traps the photoexcited electrons of ZnFe2O4 on its π framework, and reduces the electron–hole recombination rate. Moreover, the high surface area of 3D pompon mum flower-like ZnFe2O4 provides more reactive sites. In addition, free radical capture and ESR experiments as well as pathway analysis of degradation also confirmed that superoxide radicals (˙O2−) and photo-generated holes from Ag–ZnFe2O4–rGO were the main active species in the degradation progress of ENR. Three-dimensional (3D) Ag–ZnFe2O4-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal and photo-reduction method, and the morphological differences of the materials were observed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwang Wang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 P. R. China .,School of Medicine, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce Xi'an 712046 P. R. China
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18
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Subudhi S, Tripathy SP, Parida K. Highlights of the characterization techniques on inorganic, organic (COF) and hybrid (MOF) photocatalytic semiconductors. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02034f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the brave COVID warriors fighting against the COVID-2019 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyabrata Subudhi
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University)
- Bhubaneswar-751030
- India
| | - Suraj Prakash Tripathy
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University)
- Bhubaneswar-751030
- India
| | - Kulamani Parida
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University)
- Bhubaneswar-751030
- India
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19
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Patnaik S, Behera A, Parida K. A review on g-C 3N 4/graphene nanocomposites: multifunctional roles of graphene in the nanohybrid photocatalyst toward photocatalytic applications. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00784j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Schematic representation of the g-C3N4/graphene hybrid photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Patnaik
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar 751030, India
| | - Arjun Behera
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar 751030, India
| | - Kulamani Parida
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar 751030, India
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20
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Biswal L, Nayak S, Parida K. Recent progress on strategies for the preparation of 2D/2D MXene/g-C3N4 nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy and environmental applications. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the possible synthetic routes, optical and morphological features to explore the 2D/2D interface and mechanism path in 2D/2D MXene/g-C3N4 nanocomposites for photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijarani Biswal
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology
- Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University
- Bhubaneswar-751030
- India
| | - Susanginee Nayak
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology
- Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University
- Bhubaneswar-751030
- India
| | - Kulamani Parida
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology
- Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University
- Bhubaneswar-751030
- India
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21
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Behera A, Babu P, Parida K. Growth of macroporous TiO2 on B-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets: a Z-scheme photocatalyst for H2O2 production and phenol oxidation under visible light. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01327g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BCN/TiO2 heterostructured photocatalyst was demonstrated towards H2O2 production and phenol oxidation under visible light, based on Z-scheme and p–n heterojunction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Behera
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Siksha ‘O′ Anusandhan
- Bhubaneswar 751030
- India
| | - Pradeepta Babu
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Siksha ‘O′ Anusandhan
- Bhubaneswar 751030
- India
| | - Kulamani Parida
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Siksha ‘O′ Anusandhan
- Bhubaneswar 751030
- India
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22
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Maity D, Karmakar K, Mandal D, Pal D, Khan GG, Mandal K. Earth abundant transition metal ferrite nanoparticles anchored ZnO nanorods as efficient and stable photoanodes for solar water splitting. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:475403. [PMID: 32886646 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abae9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poor light absorption, severe surface charge recombination and fast degradation are the key challenges with ZnO nanostructures based electrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Here, this study attempts to design an efficient and durable nano-heterojunction photoelectrode by integrating earth abundant chemically stable transition metal spinel ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Co and Ni) nano-particles on ZnO Nanorod arrays. The low band gap magnetic ferrites improve the solar energy harvesting ability of the nano-heterojunction electrodes in ultraviolet-visible light region resulting in a maximum increase of 105% and 190% in photocurrent density and applied bias photon-to-current efficiency, respectively, compared to pristine ZnO nanorods. The favourable type-II band alignment at the ferrites/ZnO nano-heterojunction provides significantly enhanced photo-generated carrier separation and transfer, endowing the excellent solar H2 evolution ability (743 and 891 μmol cm-2 h-1for ZnO/CoFe2O4 and ZnO/NiFe2O4, respectively) of the photoanodes by using sacrificial agent. The hybrid nanostructures deliver long term stability of the electrode against photocorrosion. This work demonstrates an easy but effective strategy to develop low-cost earth abundant ferrites-based heterojunction electrodes, which offers excellent PEC activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Maity
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India
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23
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Conventional and Current Methods of Toxic Metals Removal from Water Using g-C3N4-Based Materials. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Carbon Dot Loaded Integrative CoFe
2
O
4
/g‐C
3
N
4
P‐N Heterojunction: Direct Solar Light‐Driven Photocatalytic H
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Evolution and Organic Pollutant Degradation. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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