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Akhtar R, Gaurav K, Khan S. Applications of low-valent compounds with heavy group-14 elements. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6150-6243. [PMID: 38757535 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the low-valent compounds of group-14 elements have received significant attention in several fields of chemistry owing to their unique electronic properties. The low-valent group-14 species include tetrylenes, tetryliumylidene, tetrylones, dimetallenes and dimetallynes. These low-valent group-14 species have shown applications in various areas such as organic transformations (hydroboration, cyanosilylation, N-functionalisation of amines, and hydroamination), small molecule activation (e.g. P4, As4, CO2, CO, H2, alkene, and alkyne) and materials. This review presents an in-depth discussion on low-valent group-14 species-catalyzed reactions, including polymerization of rac-lactide, L-lactide, DL-lactide, and caprolactone, followed by their photophysical properties (phosphorescence and fluorescence), thin film deposition (atomic layer deposition and vapor phase deposition), and medicinal applications. This review concisely summarizes current developments of low-valent heavier group-14 compounds, covering synthetic methodologies, structural aspects, and their applications in various fields of chemistry. Finally, their opportunities and challenges are examined and emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruksana Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Kumar Gaurav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
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2
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Petrovskii SK, Grachova EV, Monakhov KY. Bioorthogonal chemistry of polyoxometalates - challenges and prospects. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4202-4221. [PMID: 38516091 PMCID: PMC10952089 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06284h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry has enabled scientists to carry out controlled chemical processes in high yields in vivo while minimizing hazardous effects. Its extension to the field of polyoxometalates (POMs) could open up new possibilities and new applications in molecular electronics, sensing and catalysis, including inside living cells. However, this comes with many challenges that need to be addressed to effectively implement and exploit bioorthogonal reactions in the chemistry of POMs. In particular, how to protect POMs from the biological environment but make their reactivity selective towards specific bioorthogonal tags (and thereby reduce their toxicity), as well as which bioorthogonal chemistry protocols are suitable for POMs and how reactions can be carried out are questions that we are exploring herein. This perspective conceptualizes and discusses advances in the supramolecular chemistry of POMs, their click chemistry, and POM-based surface engineering to develop innovative bioorthogonal approaches tailored to POMs and to improve POM biological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena V Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University Universitetskii pr. 26 St. Petersburg 198504 Russia
| | - Kirill Yu Monakhov
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
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3
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Velasquez JD, Echeverría J, Guerra CF, Alvarez S. Azido-mediated intermolecular interactions of transition metal complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6683-6695. [PMID: 38321825 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05798d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The coordinated azido ligand has a variety of ways to establish intermolecular contacts whose nature is computationally analysed in this work on dimers of the [N3-Hg(CF3)] complex with different interactions involving only N⋯N contacts, or with an additional Hg⋯N contact. The applied tools include the molecular electrostatic map of the monomer, an energy decomposition analysis (EDA), a topological AIM analysis of the electron density and the study of NCI (non-covalent interactions) isosurfaces. The interactions between two azido ligands are found to be weakly stabilizing (by 0.2 to 2.7 kcal mol-1), topology-dependent and require dispersion forces to complement orbital and electrostatic stabilization. Those interactions are supplemented by the formation of simultaneous Hg⋯N secondary interactions by about -1 kcal mol-1, and by the ability of the monomer to simultaneously interact with several neighbours in the crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Velasquez
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jorge Echeverría
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Santiago Alvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Zhang JY, Hu JH, Li Q, Liu ZN, Pan DW, Xiong Y, Hou RX, Wu L, Tao Z, Xiao X. A multifunctional supramolecular assembly based on cucurbit[7]uril: White light material and Fe(CN) 63- detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123165. [PMID: 37490841 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
White light emitting materials have broad application prospects in fields such as displays, lighting devices, etc., but developing such materials faces considerable challenges. In this study, 1,3,5-tris[4-(pyridine-4-butyl)phenyl]benzene derivative (BTPY) was synthesized and a supramolecular assembly with AIE properties named BTPY@Q[7] was prepared with cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]). Furthermore, by adding rhodamine 6G (R6G) to it, and controlling its ratio with R6G, a dual-emission white light system (0.33, 0.33) was synthesized and used for white light emitting materials as well as anti-counterfeiting fields. In addition, based on the BTPY@Q[7]-R6G system, a light harvesting system in aqueous phase was constructed, with an energy transfer efficiency (ΦET) of 26.19 % and an antenna effect (AE) of 10.21. Interestingly, the supramolecular self-assembly can also be used as a fluorescent probe, specifically recognize Fe(CN)63- ions in water, with a detection limit of 2.5 × 10-8 M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian-Hang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zhi-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ding-Wu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Run-Xin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Moreth D, Hörner G, Müller VVL, Geyer L, Schatzschneider U. Isostructural Series of Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III) Azido Complexes with a N^C^N Pincer Ligand to Elucidate Trends in the iClick Reaction Kinetics and Structural Parameters of the Triazolato Products. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16000-16012. [PMID: 37728290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
An isoelectronic and isostructural series of cyclometalated azido complexes [M(N3)(dpb)] with M = Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III) based on the N^C^N pincer ligand 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)phenide (dpb) was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and investigated for reactivity in the iClick reaction with a wide range of internal and terminal alkynes by using 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. Reaction rate constants were found to increase with greater charge density in the order Ni(II) > Pd(II) > Pt(II) > Au(III). Terminal alkynes R-C≡C-R' with strongly electron-withdrawing groups R and R' exhibited faster kinetics than those with electron-donating substituents in the order CF3 > ketone > ester > H > phenyl ≫ amide, while R = CH3 resulted in complete loss of reactivity. Four symmetrical triazolato complexes [M(triazolatoCOOCH3,COOCH3)(dpb)] with M = Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III) as well as four nonsymmetrically substituted triazolato complexes [Pt(triazolatoR,R')(dpb)] originating from terminal and internal alkynes were shown by X-ray crystal structure analysis to exclusively feature N2-coordination of the five-membered ring ligand. However, the Pt(II) triazolato complexes exist as a mixture of N1- and N2-coordinated species in solution. Torsion angles between the mean planes of the N^C^N pincer and the triazolato ligand increase from a nearly coplanar to a perpendicular arrangement when going from Au(III)/Pt(II)/Pd(II) to Ni(II), while different substituents R and R' on the alkyne have no influence on the torsion angle and were rationalized by DFT calculations. Finally, a carbohydrate derivative obtained by glucuronic acid conjugation to methyl propiolate demonstrates the facile biofunctionalization of metal complexes via the iClick reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Moreth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Anorganische Chemie IV, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Victoria V L Müller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Geyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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6
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Zach T, Geyer F, Kiendl B, Mößeler J, Nguyen O, Schmidpeter T, Schuster P, Nagel C, Schatzschneider U. Electrospray Mass Spectrometry to Study Combinatorial iClick Reactions and Multiplexed Kinetics of [Ru(N 3)(N∧N)(terpy)]PF 6 with Alkynes of Different Steric and Electronic Demand. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2982-2993. [PMID: 36745056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In a combinatorial approach, a family of ruthenium(II) azido complexes [Ru(N3)(N∧N)(terpy)]PF6 with terpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine and N∧N as a bidentate chelator derived from 2,2'-biypridine and its 4,4'-disubstituted derivatives, 2,2'-bipyrimidine, and 1,10-phenanthroline were reacted with different internal and terminal alkynes to give access to a total of 7 × 7 = 49 triazolato complexes in a room-temperature catalyst-free iClick reaction. The reactants were mixed in a repurposed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) autosampler, and the reaction progress was monitored by direct injection into an electrospray mass spectrometer. The ratio of the peak intensities of [Ru(N3)(N∧N)(terpy)]+ and [Ru(triazolato)(N∧N)(terpy)]+ was converted to a colored heat map for facile visual inspection of the conversion ratio. By automated multiple injections of the reaction mixture in fixed time intervals and plotting peak intensities over reaction time, pseudo-first-order rate constants were easily determined. Finally, nonoverlapping isotope patterns of the azido starting materials and triazolato products enabled multiplexed parallel determination of rate constants for four different ruthenium(II) azido complexes from a single sample vial, thereby reducing experiment time by 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Zach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Geyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kiendl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Mößeler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074Würzburg, Germany
| | - Olivier Nguyen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidpeter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Schuster
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nagel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Li Y, Shen YH, Esper AM, Tidwell JR, Veige AS, Martin CD. Probing borafluorene B-C bond insertion with gold acetylide and azide. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:668-674. [PMID: 36537567 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03672j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Ph3PAuN3 with 9-Ph-9-borafluorene resulted in complexation of the azide to boron while a gold acetylide reacted with 9-Ph-9-borafluorene to insert the acetylide carbon to access a six-membered boracycle with an exocyclic double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Li
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Shen
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alec M Esper
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - John R Tidwell
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - Adam S Veige
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Caleb D Martin
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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Amouri H. Luminescent Complexes of Platinum, Iridium, and Coinage Metals Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Design, Structural Diversity, and Photophysical Properties. Chem Rev 2023; 123:230-270. [PMID: 36315851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The employment of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to design luminescent metal compounds has been the focus of recent intense investigations because of the strong σ-donor properties, which bring stability to the whole system and tend to push the d-d dark states so high in energy that they are rendered thermally inaccessible, thereby generating highly emissive complexes for useful applications such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), or featuring chiroptical properties, a field that is still in its infancy. Among the NHC complexes, those containing organic chromophores such as naphthalimide, pyrene, and carbazole exhibit rich emission behavior and thus have attracted extensive interest in the past five years, especially carbene coinage metal complexes with carbazolate ligands. In this review, the design strategies of NHC-based luminescent platinum and iridium complexes with large spin-orbit-coupling (SOC) are described first. Subsequent paragraphs illustrate the recent advances of luminescent coinage metal complexes with nucleophilic- and electrophilic-based carbenes based on silver, gold, and copper metal complexes that have the ability to display rich excited state emissions in particular via thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The luminescence mechanism and excited state dynamics are also described. We then summarize the advance of NHC-metal complexes in the aforementioned fields in recent years. Finally, we propose the development trend of this fast-growing field of luminescent NHC-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Amouri
- CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), Sorbonne Université-Faculté des Sciences et Ingénerie Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France
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Shen YH, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Schanze KS, Veige AS. iClick synthesis of network metallopolymers. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18520-18527. [PMID: 36444537 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Described is an approach to preparing the first iClick network metallopolymers with porous properties. Treating digoldazido complex 2-AuN3 with trigoldacetylide 3-AuPPh3 or 3-AuPEt3, trialkyne 3-H, tetragoldacetylide 4-AuPPh3, or tetraalkyne 4-H in CH2Cl2 affords five iClick network metallopolymers 5-AuPPh3, 5-AuPEt3, 5-H, 6-AuPPh3, and 6-H. Confirmation of the iClick network metallopolymers comes from FTIR, 13C solid-state cross-coupling magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and nitrogen and CO2 sorption analysis. Employing model complexes 7-AuPPh3, 7-AuPEt3, 7-H, 8-AuPPh3, and 8-H provides structural insights due to the insolubility of iClick network metallopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Shen
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Chemistry, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Adam S Veige
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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N-Heterocyclic Carbene Platinum-Butadiyne Click/iClick Complexes. Towards Blue-Violet Phosphorescence. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mihaly JJ, Wolf SM, Phillips AT, Mam S, Yung Z, Haley JE, Zeller M, de La Harpe K, Holt E, Grusenmeyer TA, Collins S, Gray TG. Synthetically Tunable White-, Green-, and Yellow-Green-Light Emission in Dual-Luminescent Gold(I) Complexes Bearing a Diphenylamino-2,7-fluorenyl Moiety. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1228-1235. [PMID: 34982547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses and photophysical characterization of five new gold(I) complexes bearing diphenylamine-substituted fluorenyl moieties are reported; four are characterized by X-ray diffraction crystallography. Ancillary ligation on gold(I) is provided by organophosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Two complexes, Au-DPA0 and Au-DPA1, are σ-aryls, two, Au-ADPA0 and Au-ADPA1, are σ-alkynyls, and one, Au-TDPA1, is a σ-triazolyl bound through carbon. All complexes show vibronically structured absorption and luminescence bands that are assignable to π-π* transitions localized on the diphenylamine-substituted fluorenyl π system. The excited-state dynamics of all five chromophores are governed by selection of the ancillary ligand and σ attachment of the diphenylamine-substituted fluorenyl moiety. All of these chromophores are dual luminescent in a toluene solution at 298 K. The luminescence from the aryl derivatives, Au-ADPA0 and Au-DPA1, appears green. The alkynyl derivative containing a phosphine ancillary ligand, Au-ADPA0, is a white-light emitter, while the alkynyl derivative containing an N-heterocyclic carbene ancillary ligand, Au-ADPA1, is a yellow-light emitter. The luminescence from the triazolyl-linked chromophore, Au-TDPA1, appears as yellow-green. Spin-restricted density functional theory calculations support the assignments of ligand-centric optical transitions but with contributions of ligand-to-metal charge transfer involving the vacant Au 6p orbital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Mihaly
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Steven M Wolf
- Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States.,General Dynamics Information Technology, 5000 Springfield Pike, Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Alexis T Phillips
- Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States.,Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, Ohio 45420, United States
| | - Sokhalita Mam
- Department of Chemistry, United States Air Force Academy, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Zheng Yung
- Department of Chemistry, United States Air Force Academy, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Joy E Haley
- Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kimberly de La Harpe
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Ethan Holt
- Department of Chemistry, United States Air Force Academy, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Tod A Grusenmeyer
- Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Stephanie Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Thomas G Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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12
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Peng K, Moreth D, Schatzschneider U. C^N^N Coordination Accelerates the iClick Reaction of Square-Planar Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Azido Complexes with Electron-Poor Alkynes and Enables Cycloaddition with Terminal Alkynes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Peng
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Moreth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Recent Progress on Supramolecular Luminescent Assemblies Based on Aurophilic Interactions in Solution. INORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics9050032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of supramolecular systems showing aurophilic interactions in solution is gaining much attention in the last years. This is due to the intriguing photophysical properties of gold(I) complexes, which usually confer to these supramolecular assemblies interesting luminescent properties, as well as the possibility of morphological modulation, through fine tuning of inter- and intramolecular aurophilic interactions, in synergy with the formation of other supramolecular contacts. In this work, an overview of the advances made in this area since 2015 is presented. A large variety of systems showing different spectroscopical and structural topologies has been reported. Moreover, these supramolecular assemblies have proven to be useful in a wide range of applications.
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15
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Mihaly JJ, Phillips AT, Stewart DJ, Marsh ZM, McCleese CL, Haley JE, Zeller M, Grusenmeyer TA, Gray TG. Synthesis and photophysics of gold(i) alkynyls bearing a benzothiazole-2,7-fluorenyl moiety: a comparative study analyzing influence of ancillary ligand, bridging moiety, and number of metal centers on photophysical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11915-11927. [PMID: 32409811 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01539c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new gold(i) alkynyl complexes (Au-ABTF(0-2)) containing a benzothiazole fluorenyl moiety, with either an organic phosphine or N-heterocyclic carbene as ancillary ligand, have been synthesized and photophysically characterized. All three complexes display highly structured ground-state absorption and luminescence spectra. Dual-luminescence is observed in all three complexes at room temperature in toluene after three freeze-pump-thaw cycles. The phosphine complexes (Au-ABTF(0-1)) exhibit similar photophysics with fluorescent quantum yields ∼0.40, triplet-state quantum yields ∼0.50, and fluorescent lifetimes ∼300 ps. The carbene complex Au-ABTF2 displays different behavior; having a fluorescent quantum yield of 0.23, a triplet-state quantum yield of 0.61, and a fluorescent lifetime near 200 ps, demonstrating that the ancillary ligand alters excited-state dynamics. The compounds exhibit strong (on the order of 105 M-1 cm-1) and positive excited-state absorption in both their singlet and triplet excited states spanning the visible region. Delayed fluorescence resulting from triplet-triplet annihilation is also observed in freeze-pump-thaw deaerated samples of all the complexes in toluene. DFT calculations (both static and time-resolved) agree with the photophysical data where phosphine complexes have slightly larger S1-T2 energy gaps (0.28 eV and 0.26 eV) relative to the carbene complex (0.21 eV). Comparison of the photophysical properties of Au-ABTF(0-2) to previously published dinuclear gold(i) complexes and mononuclear gold(i) aryl complexes bearing the same benzothiazole-2,7-fluorenyl moiety are made. Structure-property relationships regarding ancillary ligand, bridging moiety, and number of metal centers are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Mihaly
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
| | - Alexis T Phillips
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA and Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, Ohio 45420, USA
| | - David J Stewart
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA and General Dynamics Information Technology, 5000 Springfield Pike, Dayton, Ohio 45431, USA
| | - Zachary M Marsh
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA and Azimuth Corporation, 4027 Colonel Glenn Hwy. Suite 230, Beavercreek, OH 45431, USA
| | - Christopher L McCleese
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA and General Dynamics Information Technology, 5000 Springfield Pike, Dayton, Ohio 45431, USA
| | - Joy E Haley
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Tod A Grusenmeyer
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Thomas G Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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16
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Zeman CJ, Shen YH, Heller JK, Abboud KA, Schanze KS, Veige AS. Excited-State Turn-On of Aurophilicity and Tunability of Relativistic Effects in a Series of Digold Triazolates Synthesized via iClick. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8331-8341. [PMID: 32267156 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
iClick reactions between Au(I) acetylides PPh3Au-C≡CR, where R = nitrophenyl (PhNO2), phenyl (Ph), thiophene (Th), bithiophene (biTh), and dimethyl aniline (PhNMe2), and Au(I)-azide PPh3AuN3 provide digold complexes of the general formula R-1,5-bis-triphenylphosphinegold(I) 1,2,3-triazolate (Au2-R). Within the digold triazolate complexes the Au(I) atoms are held in close proximity but beyond the distance typically observed for aurophilic bonding. Though no bond exists in the ground state, time-dependent density functional theory interrogation of the complexes reveals excited states with significant aurophilic bonding. The series of complexes allows for tuning of the excited-state "turn-on" of aurophilicity, where ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) induces the aurophilic bonding. Complexes containing ligand-localized excited states, however, do not exhibit aurophilicity in the excited state. As a control experiment, a monogold complex was synthesized. The computed excited state of the monogold species exhibited LMCT to the gold ion as in the dinuclear cases, but without a partnering gold ion only a distinct N-Au-P bending occurs, revealing a potential mechanism for the excited-state turn-on of aurophilic bonding. Analysis of the steady-state electronic spectra indicates that LMCT states are achievable for compounds with sufficiently strong electron-donating ligands, and in digold complexes this is associated with enhanced fluorescence, suggestive of an aurophilic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Zeman
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Yu-Hsuan Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jessica K Heller
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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17
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Peng K, Einsele R, Irmler P, Winter RF, Schatzschneider U. The iClick Reaction of a BODIPY Platinum(II) Azido Complex with Electron-Poor Alkynes Provides Triazolate Complexes with Good 1O2 Sensitization Efficiency. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Peng
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard Einsele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Irmler
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F. Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Mihaly JJ, Phillips AT, Malloy JT, Marsh ZM, Zeller M, Haley JE, de La Harpe K, Grusenmeyer TA, Gray TG. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Laterally Asymmetric Digold(I) Alkynyls and Triazolyl: Ancillary Ligand and Organic Functionality Dictate Excited-State Dynamics. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Mihaly
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alexis T. Phillips
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, Ohio 45420, United States
| | - Jacob T. Malloy
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Zachary M. Marsh
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Suite 230, Beavercreek, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Joy E. Haley
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Kimberly de La Harpe
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Tod A. Grusenmeyer
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Thomas G. Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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