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Arya Y, Bera SK, Priego JL, Jiménez-Aparicio R, Lahiri GK. Bidirectional noninnocence of hinge-like deprotonated bis-lawsone on selective ruthenium platform: a function of varying ancillary ligands. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10441-10456. [PMID: 35762823 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to obtain discrete heavier metal complexes of unperturbed deprotonated bis-lawsone (hinge-like H2L = 2,2'-bis(3-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone). This is primarily due to its limited examples with lighter metal ions (Co, Zn, and Ga) and the fact that our earlier approach with the osmium ion facilitated its functionalisation. Herein, we demonstrated the successful synthesis and structural characterisation of L2--derived diruthenium [(bpy)2RuII(μ-L2-)RuII(bpy)2](ClO4)2 [1](ClO4)2 (S = 0), (acac)2RuIII(μ-L2-)RuIII(acac)22 (S = 1) and monoruthenium (pap)2Ru(L2-) 3 (S = 0) derivatives (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, acac = acetylacetonate, and pap = 2-phenylazopyridine). The crystal structures established that (i) O,O-/O,O- donating five-membered bis-bidentate and O-,O- donating seven-membered bidentate chelating modes of deprotonated L2- in rac (ΔΔ/ΛΛ) diastereomeric [1](ClO4)2, 2 and 3, respectively. (ii) The L2- bridging unit in [1](ClO4)2, 2 and 3 underwent twisting its two naphthoquinone rings with respect to the ring connecting C-C bond by 73.01°, 62.15° and 59.12°, respectively. (iii) Intermolecular π-π interactions (∼3.5 Å) between the neighbouring molecules. The paramagnetic complex 2 (S = 1) with two non-interacting Ru(III) (S = 1/2) ions exhibited weak antiferromagnetic coupling only at very low temperatures. In agreement with the magnetic results, 2 displayed typical RuIII-based anisotropic EPR in CH3CN (<g>/Δg: 2.314/0.564) but without any forbidden g1/2 signal at 120 K. The complexes exhibited multiple redox processes in CH3CN in the experimental potential window of ± 2.0 V versus SCE. The analysis of the redox steps via a combined experimental and theoretical (DFT/TD-DFT) approach revealed the involvement of L2- to varying extents in both the oxidative and reductive processes as a consequence of its bidirectional redox non-innocent feature. The mixing of the frontier orbitals of the metal ion and L2- due to their closeness in energy indeed led to the resonating electronic form in certain redox states instead of any precise electronic structural state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Arya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Sudip Kumar Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - José Luis Priego
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Reyes Jiménez-Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Bera SK, Lahiri GK. Structural and electronic forms of doubly oxido/Pz and triply oxido/(Pz) 2 bridged mixed valent and isovalent diruthenium complexes (Pz = pyrazolate). Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17653-17664. [PMID: 34806731 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article reported on the diastereomeric dinuclear mixed-valent complexes [(acac)2Ru(III)(μ-O)(μ-PzR)Ru(IV)(acac)2] (R = H, Me, meso: ΔΛ, 1a-1c; rac: ΔΔ/ΛΛ, 2a-2c) and rac-[(acac)2Ru(III)(μ-O)(μ-Iz)Ru(IV)(acac)2], (2d) (HPz = pyrazole, HIz = indazole, acac = acetylacetonate). Moreover, the diruthenium(II,II) complexes [(HPz)3Ru(II)(μ-O)(μ-Pz)2 Ru(II)(HPz)3] (3a) and [(HIz)3Ru(II)(μ-O)(μ-Iz)2Ru(II)(HIz)3] (3d) were presented. The analogous form of 3a, i.e., [(HPz)2(Pz)Ru(III)(μ-O)(μ-Pz)2Ru(III)(Pz)(HPz)2], was previously reported. Single crystal X-ray structures of 1a-1c/2a-2d and representative 3a showed their molecular forms, including the diastereomeric nature of the former. The Ru-O-Ru angle decreased appreciably on switching from doubly bridged 1 and 2 (128-135°) to triply bridged 3a (114°). Both series of complexes displayed rhombic symmetry in their EPR spectra, with g1 and g2 being very similar for 1a-1c with an almost axial look. The mixed-valence complex with a Ru(III)Ru(IV) (S = 1/2) state of 1 and 2 would lead to iso-valence complexes of Ru(III)Ru(III) and Ru(IV)Ru(IV) with an EPR inactive state by one electron redox reaction. On the other hand, metal based {Ru(II)Ru(II)/Ru(II)Ru(III), 3a/3a+} and terminal ligand (HPz/HPz-, 3a/3a-) based redox processes displayed anisotropic and free radical EPR, respectively. An IVCT (intervalence charge transfer) band was found for the delocalised mixed valent 1 and 2 {Ru(III)Ru(IV)} or 3a+ {Ru(II)Ru(III)} in the NIR region. The intense metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions of 1-3 in the visible region varied systematically as a function of the metal oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Kumar Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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Zhou ZX, Li JW, Wang LN, Li M, Liu YJ, Zeng MH. Cooperative Ligand-Promoted P (III)-Directed Ruthenium-Catalyzed Remote Meta-C-H Alkylation of Tertiary Phosphines. Org Lett 2021; 23:2057-2062. [PMID: 33630602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a ruthenium-catalyzed meta-selective C-H activation of phosphines by using intrinsic P(III) as a directing group. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione acts as the ligand and exhibits an excellent performance in boosting the meta-alkylation. The protocol allows an efficient and straightforward synthesis of meta-alkylated tertiary phosphines. Several meta-alkylated phosphines were evaluated for Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling and found to be superior to commercially available ortho-substituted phosphines. The practicability of this methodology is further demonstrated by the synthesis of difunctionalized phosphines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xin Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Neng Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Jin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hua Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P.R. China
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Kumari M, Bera SK, Lahiri GK. Noninnocence of the deprotonated 1,2-bis((1 H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine bridge in diruthenium frameworks - a function of co-ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9891-9903. [PMID: 34196336 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The article deals with the sensitive electronic forms in accessible redox states of structurally and spectroscopically authenticated deprotonated 1,2-bis((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine (H2LR, R = H) or 1,2-bis((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine (H2LR, R = Me), a BODIPY analogue bridged diruthenium complex as a function of varying ancillary ligands. It involved rac-(acac)2RuIII(μ-LR 2-)RuIII(acac)21a, R = H; 1b, R = Me (S = 1, acac = acetylacetonate), rac-[(bpy)2RuII(μ-L2-)RuII(bpy)2](ClO4)2 [2](ClO4)2 (S = 0, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and diastereomeric [(pap)2RuII(μ-L2-)RuII(pap)2](ClO4)2meso-[3a](ClO4)2/rac-[3b](ClO4)2 (S = 0, pap = phenylazopyridine). The crystal structure established the linkage of the conjugated -C5[double bond, length as m-dash]N2-N3[double bond, length as m-dash]C6- central unit with the two terminal deprotonated pyrrole units of coordinated L2-. The bridging L2- in 1a, 1b, [2](ClO4)2, [3b](ClO4)2 and [3a](ClO4)2 was slightly twisted and planar with torsional angles of 41.54°, 42.91°, 37.38°, 35.33° and 0°, respectively, with regard to the central N2-N3 bond. The extent of twisting of the bridge followed an inverse relationship with the RuRu separation: 4.935/4.934 Å 1a/1b < 5.141 Å [2](ClO4)2 < 5.201 Å [3b](ClO4)2 < 5.351 Å [3a](ClO4)2. This is also attributed to the intermolecular ππ/CHπ interactions between the nearby aromatic rings of L and bpy or pap in [2](ClO4)2 or [3](ClO4)2, respectively. The multiple redox steps of the complexes varied appreciably based on the σ-donating (acac) and π-acidic (bpy, pap) characteristics of the ancillary ligands. Experimental (structure, EPR) and theoretical (DFT) evaluation pertaining to the electronic forms of 1n, 2n and 3n demonstrated the preferential involvement of L based frontier orbitals in electron transfer processes even in combination with the redox facile ruthenium ion. This in turn highlighted its redox non-innocent feature as in the case of well-documented metal coordinated quinonoid, formazanate, diimine (bpy), azo (pap) and β-diketiminate functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Sudip Kumar Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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Jiang M, Li S, Wu J, Li W, Wen XA, Liang H, Yang F. Designing biotin-human serum albumin nanoparticles to enhance the targeting ability of binuclear ruthenium(III) compound. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 215:111318. [PMID: 33301985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
On the one hand, to obtain a novel next-generation anticancer metal agent; on the other hand, to improve the targeting ability and decrease side effects of metal agent, we proposed to design active-targeting human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles (NPs) to achieve the end. Thus, we not only designed and synthesized two ruthenium (Ru) thiosemicarbazone compounds (C1 and C2) but also succeeded in constructing active Biotin-HSA NPs for Ru(III) compounds. Importantly, Biotin-HSA-C2 NPs not only possessed a stronger capacity for killing MCF-7 cells and inhibiting their migration versusC2 alone but also increased accumulation compared to non-malignant WI-38 cells. Additionally, C2 and Biotin-HSA-C2 NPs act against MCF-7 cells by the following potential mechanism: 1) arresting the cell cycle in the S phase by regulating cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinases; 2) inducing apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c to activate caspase-9/3; 3) inhibiting the expression of p-EGFR and regulating its neighboring cellular pathways, followed by the inactivation of PI3K/Akt and activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China; School of food and biochemical engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Junmiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-An Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
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Dey S, Panda S, Lahiri GK. Ruthenium-Hydride Assisted Remarkable Diversity Towards Non-Spectator Feature of Benzodifuroxan. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3281-3295. [PMID: 32779852 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present article demonstrates that ruthenium-hydride [RuII (H)(Cl)(CO)(PPh3 )3 ] mediated diverse functionalization modes of benzodifuroxan (BDF) encompassing two furoxan rings. Hydride transfer from the metal precursor facilitated multiple cascade reactions involving unsymmetrical cleavage of the furoxan rings of BDF, leading to the one-pot formation of a series of ruthenium (II) coordinated functionalized ligands exhibiting bidentate κ2 -N,O, κ2 -N,N' and bis-bidentate μ-bis(κ2 -N,O) modes. Further, a moderately stable intermediate species was also encountered in the reaction sequence in which the transformed deoxygenated ligand coordinated to the metal ion via the rarely manifested furazan ring (κ2 -N,N'' mode). The products were authenticated by their single-crystal X-ray structures and other spectroscopic/analytical techniques. Redox non-innocence of the functionalized ligands in the complexes was illustrated by spectroelectrochemistry (cyclic voltammmetry, UV-Vis. and EPR) in conjunction with DFT/TD-DFT calculations. Mechanistic outline for the facile ring opening processes of BDF including interconversions of complexes (e. g. reductive ring opening) were also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchaita Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Sanjib Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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