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Beaudelot J, Oger S, Peruško S, Phan TA, Teunens T, Moucheron C, Evano G. Photoactive Copper Complexes: Properties and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16365-16609. [PMID: 36350324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalyzed and photosensitized chemical processes have seen growing interest recently and have become among the most active areas of chemical research, notably due to their applications in fields such as medicine, chemical synthesis, material science or environmental chemistry. Among all homogeneous catalytic systems reported to date, photoactive copper(I) complexes have been shown to be especially attractive, not only as alternative to noble metal complexes, and have been extensively studied and utilized recently. They are at the core of this review article which is divided into two main sections. The first one focuses on an exhaustive and comprehensive overview of the structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties of mononuclear copper(I) complexes, typical examples highlighting the most critical structural parameters and their impact on the properties being presented to enlighten future design of photoactive copper(I) complexes. The second section is devoted to their main areas of application (photoredox catalysis of organic reactions and polymerization, hydrogen production, photoreduction of carbon dioxide and dye-sensitized solar cells), illustrating their progression from early systems to the current state-of-the-art and showcasing how some limitations of photoactive copper(I) complexes can be overcome with their high versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Beaudelot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Oger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefano Peruško
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tuan-Anh Phan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Titouan Teunens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000Mons, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Recent developments of photoactive Cu(I) and Ag(I) complexes with diphosphine and related ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Schiff base-type Cu(I) complexes containing naphthylpyridyl-methanimine ligands featuring higher light-absorption capability: Synthesis, structures, and photophysical properties. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Rentschler M, Boden PJ, Argüello Cordero MA, Steiger ST, Schmid MA, Yang Y, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Karnahl M, Lochbrunner S, Tschierlei S. Unexpected Boost in Activity of a Cu(I) Photosensitizer by Stabilizing a Transient Excited State. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12249-12261. [PMID: 35877171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a slight but surprisingly successful structural modification of the previously reported heteroleptic Cu(I) photosensitizer Cubiipo ([(xantphos)Cu(biipo)]PF6; biipo = 16H-benzo-[4',5']-isoquinolino-[2',1':1,2]-imidazo-[4,5-f]-[1,10]-phenanthrolin-16-one). As a key feature, biipo bears a naphthalimide unit at the back, which is directly fused to a phenanthroline moiety to extend the conjugated π-system. This ligand was now altered to include two additional methyl groups at the 2,9-positions at the phenanthroline scaffold. Comparing the novel Cudmbiipo complex to its predecessor, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the efficient suppression of a major deactivation pathway by stabilization of a transient triplet state. Furthermore, quantitative measurements of singlet oxygen evolution in solution confirmed that a larger fraction of the excited-state population is transferred to the photocatalytically active ligand-centered triplet 3LC state with a much longer lifetime of ∼30 μs compared to Cubiipo (2.6 μs). In addition, Cudmbiipo was compared with the well-established reference complex Cubcp ([(xantphos)Cu(bathocuproine)]PF6) in terms of its photophysical and photocatalytic properties by applying time-resolved femto- and nanosecond absorption, step-scan Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and emission spectroscopies. Superior light-harvesting properties and a greatly enhanced excited-state lifetime with respect to Cubcp enable Cudmbiipo to be more active in exemplary photocatalytic applications, i.e., in the formation of singlet oxygen and the isomerization of (E)-stilbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rentschler
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pit Jean Boden
- Chemistry Department and State Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Miguel A Argüello Cordero
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sophie Theres Steiger
- Chemistry Department and State Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Marie-Ann Schmid
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yingya Yang
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Chemistry Department and State Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Ossinger S, Prescimone A, Häussinger D, Wenger OS. Manganese(I) Complex with Monodentate Arylisocyanide Ligands Shows Photodissociation Instead of Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10533-10547. [PMID: 35768069 PMCID: PMC9377510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently reported manganese(I) complexes with chelating arylisocyanide ligands exhibit luminescent metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited states, similar to ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes with the same d6 valence electron configuration used for many different applications in photophysics and photochemistry. However, chelating arylisocyanide ligands require substantial synthetic effort, and therefore it seemed attractive to explore the possibility of using more readily accessible monodentate arylisocyanides instead. Here, we synthesized the new Mn(I) complex [Mn(CNdippPhOMe2)6]PF6 with the known ligand CNdippPhOMe2 = 4-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,6-diisopropylphenylisocyanide. This complex was investigated by NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal structure analysis, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) measurements, IR spectroscopy supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, cyclic voltammetry, and time-resolved as well as steady-state UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The key finding is that the new Mn(I) complex is nonluminescent and instead undergoes arylisocyanide ligand loss during continuous visible laser irradiation into ligand-centered and charge-transfer absorption bands, presumably owed to the population of dissociative d-d excited states. Thus, it seems that chelating bi- or tridentate binding motifs are essential for obtaining emissive MLCT excited states in manganese(I) arylisocyanides. Our work contributes to understanding the basic properties of photoactive first-row transition metal complexes and could help advance the search for alternatives to precious metal-based luminophores, photocatalysts, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ossinger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Yang Y, Doettinger F, Kleeberg C, Frey W, Karnahl M, Tschierlei S. How the Way a Naphthalimide Unit is Implemented Affects the Photophysical and -catalytic Properties of Cu(I) Photosensitizers. Front Chem 2022; 10:936863. [PMID: 35783217 PMCID: PMC9247301 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.936863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by the great potential of solar energy conversion this study comprises the evaluation and comparison of two different design approaches for the improvement of copper based photosensitizers. In particular, the distinction between the effects of a covalently linked and a directly fused naphthalimide unit was assessed. For this purpose, the two heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes CuNIphen (NIphen = 5-(1,8-naphthalimide)-1,10-phenanthroline) and Cubiipo (biipo = 16H-benzo-[4′,5′]-isoquinolino-[2′,1′,:1,2]-imidazo-[4,5-f]-[1,10]-phenanthroline-16-one) were prepared and compared with the novel unsubstituted reference compound Cuphen (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). Beside a comprehensive structural characterization, including two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray analysis, a combination of electrochemistry, steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy was used to determine the electrochemical and photophysical properties in detail. The nature of the excited states was further examined by (time-dependent) density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. It was found that CuNIphen exhibits a greatly enhanced absorption in the visible and a strong dependency of the excited state lifetimes on the chosen solvent. For example, the lifetime of CuNIphen extends from 0.37 µs in CH2Cl2 to 19.24 µs in MeCN, while it decreases from 128.39 to 2.6 µs in Cubiipo. Furthermore, CuNIphen has an exceptional photostability, allowing for an efficient and repetitive production of singlet oxygen with quantum yields of about 32%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingya Yang
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Energy Conversion, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Doettinger
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Energy Conversion, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Energy Conversion, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Karnahl, ; Stefanie Tschierlei,
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Energy Conversion, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Karnahl, ; Stefanie Tschierlei,
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7
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Chen C, Wu C, Yu J, Zhu X, Wu Y, Liu J, Zhang Y. Photodynamic-based combinatorial cancer therapy strategies: Tuning the properties of nanoplatform according to oncotherapy needs. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hylland KT, Schmidtke IL, Wragg DS, Nova A, Tilset M. Synthesis of substituted (N,C) and (N,C,C) Au(III) complexes: the influence of sterics and electronics on cyclometalation reactions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5082-5097. [PMID: 35262546 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated Au(III) complexes are of interest due to their catalytic, medicinal, and photophysical properties. Herein, we describe the synthesis of derivatives of the type (N,C)Au(OAcF)2 (OAcF = trifluoroacetate) and (N,C,C)AuOAcF by a cyclometalation route, where (N,C) and (N,C,C) are chelating 2-arylpyridine ligands. The scope of the synthesis is explored by substituting the 2-arylpyridine core with electron donor or acceptor substituents at one or both rings. Notably, a variety of functionalized Au(III) complexes can be obtained in one step from the corresponding ligand and Au(OAc)3, eliminating the need for organomercury intermediates, which is commonly reported for similar syntheses. The influence of substituents in the ligand backbone on the resulting complexes was assessed using DFT calculations, 15N NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. A correlation between the electronic properties of the (N,C) ligands and their ability to undergo cyclometalation was found from experimental studies combined with natural charge analysis, suggesting the cyclometalation at Au(III) to take place via an electrophilic aromatic substitution-type mechanism. The formation of Au(III) pincer complexes from tridentate (N,C,C) ligands was investigated by synthesis and DFT calculations, in order to assess the feasibility of C(sp3)-H bond activation as a synthetic pathway to (N,C,C) cyclometalated Au(III) complexes. It was found that C(sp3)-H bond activation is feasible for ligands containing different alkyl groups (isopropyl and ethyl), although the C-H activation is less energetically favored compared to a ligand containing tert-butyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut T Hylland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. .,Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1126 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inga L Schmidtke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. .,Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1126 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - David S Wragg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. .,Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1126 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ainara Nova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. .,Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1126 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.,Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.,UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mats Tilset
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. .,Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1126 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.,Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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9
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Nohara I, Wegeberg C, Devereux M, Prescimone A, Housecroft CE, Constable EC. The surprising effects of sulfur: achieving long excited-state lifetimes in heteroleptic copper(i) emitters. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:3089-3102. [PMID: 35340713 PMCID: PMC8870442 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc05591g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic [Cu(N^N)(P^P)][PF6] complexes is reported in which N^N is a di(methylsulfanyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (2,9-, 3,8- or 4,7-(MeS)2phen) or di(methoxy)-1,10-phenanthroline (2,9-, 3,8- or 4,7-(MeO)2phen) and P^P is bis(2-(diphenylphosphano)phenyl)ether (POP) or 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphano)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (xantphos). The effects of the different substituents are investigated through structural, electrochemical and photophysical studies and by using DFT and TD-DFT calculations. Introducing methylsulfanyl groups in the 2,9-, 3,8- or 4,7-positions of the phen domain alters the composition of the frontier molecular orbitals of the [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ complexes significantly, so that ligand-centred (LC) transitions become photophysically relevant with respect to metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT). Within this series, [Cu(2,9-(MeS)2phen)(POP)][PF6] exhibits the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 15% and the longest excited-state lifetime of 8.3 μs in solution. In the solid state and in frozen matrices at 77 K, the electronic effects of the methylsulfanyl or methoxy substituents are highlighted, thus resulting in luminescence lifetimes of 2 to 4.2 ms at 77 K with predominantly LC character for both the 3,8- and 4,7-(MeS)2phen containing complexes. The results of the investigation give new guidelines on how to influence the luminescence properties in [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ complexes which will aid in the development of new sustainable and efficient copper(i) emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaak Nohara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096 Mattenstrasse 24a CH-4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christina Wegeberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096 Mattenstrasse 24a CH-4058 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel St Johanns-Ring 19 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Mike Devereux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 80 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096 Mattenstrasse 24a CH-4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Catherine E Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096 Mattenstrasse 24a CH-4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096 Mattenstrasse 24a CH-4058 Basel Switzerland
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Sublimation Study of Six 5-Substituted-1,10-phenanthrolines by Knudsen Effusion Mass Loss and Solution Calorimetry. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24020192. [PMID: 35205486 PMCID: PMC8871135 DOI: 10.3390/e24020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The vapor pressures of six solid 5-X-1,10-phenanthrolines (where X = Cl, CH3, CN, OCH3, NH2, NO2) were determined in suitable temperature ranges by Knudsen Effusion Mass Loss (KEML). From the temperature dependencies of vapor pressure, the molar sublimation enthalpies, ΔcrgHm0(⟨T⟩), were calculated at the corresponding average ⟨T⟩ of the explored temperature ranges. Since to the best of our knowledge no thermochemical data seem to be available in the literature regarding these compounds, the ΔcrgHm0(⟨T⟩) values obtained by KEML experiments were adjusted to 298.15 K using a well known empirical procedure reported in the literature. The standard (p0 = 0.1 MPa) molar sublimation enthalpies, ΔcrgHm0(298.15 K), were compared with those determined using a recently proposed solution calorimetry approach, which was validated using a remarkable amount of thermochemical data of molecular compounds. For this purpose, solution enthalpies at infinite dilution of the studied 5-chloro and 5-methylphenantrolines in benzene were measured at 298.15 K. Good agreement was found between the values derived by the two different approaches, and final mean values of ΔcrgHm0(298.15 K) were recommended. Finally, the standard molar entropies and Gibbs energies of sublimation were also derived at T = 298.15 K. The volatilities of the six compounds were found to vary over a range of three orders of magnitude in the explored temperature range. The large difference in volatility was analyzed in the light of enthalpies and entropies of sublimation. The latter was tentatively put in relation to the rotational contribution of the substituent group on the phenanthroline unit.
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11
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Sun ZZ, Zhu N, Pan X, Wang G, Yang Y, Qiu QM, Li ZF, Xin XL, Liu JM, Li XQ, Jin Q, Ren ZG, Zhou Q. Designing luminescent diimine-Cu (I)-phosphine complexes by tuning N-ligand and counteranions: correlation of weak interactions, luminescence and THz absorption spectra. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01574e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, six new [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+/0 complexes with different N-ligand and counteranions [Cu2(dmp)2(bdppmapy)I2] (1), [Cu2(dmp)2(bdppmapy)(CN)2]·3CH3OH (2), [Cu(dmp)(bdppmapy)](BF4) (3), [Cu(dmp)(bdppmapy)](ClO4) (4), [Cu(phen)(bdppmapy)](BF4) (5), [Cu(phen)(bdppmapy)](ClO4) (6) have been synthesized and characterized (bdppmapy = N,N-bis[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]-2-pyridinamine,...
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12
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Lu Y, Li X, Wang J, Zhao F, Wang Y, He H, Wu Y. Synthesis, characterization and DFT studies of luminescent copper(I) complexes containing pyridine-imidazole ligands with tunable π-conjugation system via variation of polyaromatic groups. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Wu Z, Cui S, Zhao Z, He B, Li XL. Photophysical properties of homobimetallic Cu( i)–Cu( i) and heterobimetallic Cu( i)–Ag( i) complexes of 2-(6-bromo-2-pyridyl)-1 H-imidazo[4,5- f][1,10]phenanthroline. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00774f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The heteronuclear Cu(i)–Ag(i) complexes show dual emission bands and enhanced luminescence compared with their isostructural homobinuclear Cu(i) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Shu Cui
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Zhenqin Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Bingling He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
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14
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Argüello Cordero MA, Boden PJ, Rentschler M, Di Martino-Fumo P, Frey W, Yang Y, Gerhards M, Karnahl M, Lochbrunner S, Tschierlei S. Comprehensive Picture of the Excited State Dynamics of Cu(I)- and Ru(II)-Based Photosensitizers with Long-Lived Triplet States. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:214-226. [PMID: 34908410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ru(II)- and Cu(I)-based photosensitizers featuring the recently developed biipo ligand (16H-benzo-[4',5']-isoquinolino-[2',1',:1,2]-imidazo-[4,5-f]-[1,10]-phenanthrolin-16-one) were comprehensively investigated by X-ray crystallography, electrochemistry, and especially several time-resolved spectroscopic methods covering all time scales from femto- to milliseconds. The analysis of the experimental results is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The biipo ligand consists of a coordinating 1,10-phenanthroline moiety fused with a 1,8-naphthalimide unit, which results in an extended π-system with an incorporated electron acceptor moiety. In a previous study, it was shown that this ligand enabled a Ru(II) complex that is an efficient singlet oxygen producer and of potential use for other light-driven applications due to its long emission lifetime. The goal of our here presented research is to provide a full spectroscopic picture of the processes that follow optical excitation. Interestingly, the Ru(II) and Cu(I) complexes differ in their characteristics even though the lowest electronically excited states involve in both cases the biipo ligand. The combined spectroscopic results indicate that an emissive 3MLCT state and a rather dark 3LC state are populated, each to some extent. For the Cu(I) complex, most of the excited population ends up in the 3LC state with an extraordinary lifetime of 439 μs in the solid state at 20 K, while a significant population of the 3MLCT state causes luminescence for the Ru(II) complex. Hence, there is a balance between these two states, which can be tuned by altering the metal center or even by thermal energy, as suggested by the temperature-dependent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Argüello Cordero
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Pit Jean Boden
- Chemistry Department and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin Rentschler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick Di Martino-Fumo
- Chemistry Department and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yingya Yang
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Chemistry Department and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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15
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Wegeberg C, Wenger OS. Luminescent First-Row Transition Metal Complexes. JACS AU 2021; 1:1860-1876. [PMID: 34841405 PMCID: PMC8611671 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Precious and rare elements have traditionally dominated inorganic photophysics and photochemistry, but now we are witnessing a paradigm shift toward cheaper and more abundant metals. Even though emissive complexes based on selected first-row transition metals have long been known, recent conceptual breakthroughs revealed that a much broader range of elements in different oxidation states are useable for this purpose. Coordination compounds of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu now show electronically excited states with unexpected reactivity and photoluminescence behavior. Aside from providing a compact survey of the recent conceptual key advances in this dynamic field, our Perspective identifies the main design strategies that enabled the discovery of fundamentally new types of 3d-metal-based luminophores and photosensitizers operating in solution at room temperature.
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16
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Schmid L, Kerzig C, Prescimone A, Wenger OS. Photostable Ruthenium(II) Isocyanoborato Luminophores and Their Use in Energy Transfer and Photoredox Catalysis. JACS AU 2021; 1:819-832. [PMID: 34467335 PMCID: PMC8395604 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes are among the most popular sensitizers in photocatalysis, but they face some severe limitations concerning accessible excited-state energies and photostability that could hamper future applications. In this study, the borylation of heteroleptic ruthenium(II) cyanide complexes with α-diimine ancillary ligands is identified as a useful concept to elevate the energies of photoactive metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) states and to obtain unusually photorobust compounds suitable for thermodynamically challenging energy transfer catalysis as well as oxidative and reductive photoredox catalysis. B(C6F5)3 groups attached to the CN - ligands stabilize the metal-based t2g-like orbitals by ∼0.8 eV, leading to high 3MLCT energies (up to 2.50 eV) that are more typical for cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes. Through variation of their α-diimine ligands, nonradiative excited-state relaxation pathways involving higher-lying metal-centered states can be controlled, and their luminescence quantum yields and MLCT lifetimes can be optimized. These combined properties make the respective isocyanoborato complexes amenable to photochemical reactions for which common ruthenium(II)-based sensitizers are unsuited, due to a lack of sufficient triplet energy or excited-state redox power. Specifically, this includes photoisomerization reactions, sensitization of nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings, pinacol couplings, and oxidative decarboxylative C-C couplings. Our work is relevant in the greater context of tailoring photoactive coordination compounds to current challenges in synthetic photochemistry and solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucius Schmid
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Sandoval-Pauker C, Molina-Aguirre G, Pinter B. Status report on copper (I) complexes in photoredox catalysis; photophysical and electrochemical properties and future prospects. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Arevalo R, López R, Falvello LR, Riera L, Perez J. Building C(sp 3 ) Molecular Complexity on 2,2'-Bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline in Rhenium Tricarbonyl Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:379-389. [PMID: 33001533 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of [Re(N-N)(CO)3 (PMe3 )]OTf (N-N=2,2'-bipyridine, bipy; 1,10-phenanthroline, phen) compounds with tBuLi and with LiHBEt3 have been explored. Addition to the N-N chelate took place with different site-selectivity depending on both chelate and nucleophile. Thus, with tBuLi, an unprecedented addition to C5 of bipy, a regiochemistry not accessible for free bipy, was obtained, whereas coordinated phen underwent tBuLi addition to C2 and C4. Remarkably, when LiHBEt3 reacted with [Re(bipy)(CO)3 (PMe3 )]OTf, hydride addition to the 4 and 6 positions of bipy triggered an intermolecular cyclodimerization of two dearomatized pyridyl rings. In contrast, hydride addition to the phen analog resulted in partial reduction of one pyridine ring. The resulting neutral ReI products showed a varied reactivity with HOTf and with MeOTf to yield cationic complexes. These strategies rendered access to ReI complexes containing bipy- and phen-derived chelates with several C(sp3 ) centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arevalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, 95343, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Ramón López
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Larry R Falvello
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucía Riera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN, CSIC- Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
| | - Julio Perez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN, CSIC- Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
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