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Jiang B, Yue H, Fu X, Wang J, Feng Y, Li D, Liu C, Feng Z. One-step high efficiency separation of prolyl endopeptidase from Aspergillus niger and its application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132582. [PMID: 38801849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Prolyl endopeptidase from Aspergillus niger (An-PEP) is an enzyme that recognizes C-terminal peptide bonds of amino acid chains and cleaves them by hydrolysis. An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was used to separate An-PEP from fermentation broth. Through single factor experiments, the ATPS containing 16 % (w/w) PEG2000 and 15 % (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 at pH 6.0 obtained the recovery of 79.74 ± 0.16 % and the purification coefficient of 7.64 ± 0.08. It was then used to produce soy protein isolate peptide (SPIP) by hydrolysis of soy protein isolate (SPI), and SPIP-Ferrous chelate (SPIP-Fe) was prepared with SPIP and Fe2+. The chelation conditions were optimized by RSM, as the chelation time was 30 min, chelation temperature was 25 °C, SPIP mass to VC mass was two to one and pH was 6.0. The obtained chelation rate was 82.56 ± 2.30 %. The change in the structures and functional features of SPIP before and after chelation were investigated. The FTIR and UV-Vis results indicated that the chelation of Fe2+ and SPIP depended mainly on the formation of amide bonds. The fluorescence, SEM and amino acid composition analysis results indicated that Fe2+ could induce and stabilize the surface conformation and change the amino acid distribution on the surfaces of SPIP. The chelation of SPIP and Fe2+ resulted in the enhancement of radical scavenging activities and ACE inhibitory activities. This work provided a new perspective for the further development of peptide-Fe chelates for iron supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongshen Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinhao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhibiao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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High-level expression and improved pepsin activity by enhancing the conserved domain stability based on a scissor-like model. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shan P, Ho CT, Zhang L, Gao X, Lin H, Xu T, Wang B, Fu J, He R, Zhang Y. Degradation Mechanism of Soybean Protein B 3 Subunit Catalyzed by Prolyl Endopeptidase from Aspergillus niger during Soy Sauce Fermentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5869-5878. [PMID: 35511597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soy sauce secondary precipitate formed due to the B3 subunit seriously affects soy sauce's appearance quality. In this study, a prolyl endopeptidase (APE) from Aspergillus niger, which could degrade approximately 50% of the B3 subunit and increase proline content by 24% in soy sauce, was isolated and identified. The results showed that APE was an acidic salt-tolerant serine protease (62 kDa), which was optimally active at 40 °C and pH 4.0, and retained more than 69% activity in 3 M NaCl solution over 10 days. As a potential substrate of APE, the B3 subunit contains 10 proline residues. High salinity could not damage the hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and interior hydrophobicity of APE; thus, the spatial structures and activity of APE in 3 M NaCl solution were stable within 3 days and decreased thereafter. High salinity made the B3 subunit more rigid and lowered the catalytic activity of APE on the B3 subunit, hindering complete hydrolysis of the B3 subunit. This was the first report about the APE capable of degrading the B3 subunit and reducing the secondary precipitate of soy sauce, providing a new possibility to solve the secondary precipitate of soy sauce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Shan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xianli Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Guangdong Meiweixian Flavoring Foods Co., Ltd., 1 Chubang Road, Zhongshan 528437, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Guangdong Meiweixian Flavoring Foods Co., Ltd., 1 Chubang Road, Zhongshan 528437, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiangyan Fu
- Guangdong Meiweixian Flavoring Foods Co., Ltd., 1 Chubang Road, Zhongshan 528437, China
| | - Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Sousa JPM, Ramos MJ, Fernandes PA. Modern strategies for the diversification of the supply of natural compounds - the case of alkaloid painkillers. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100623. [PMID: 34971022 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived natural compounds are used for treating diseases since the beginning of humankind. The supply of many plant-derived natural compounds for medicinal purposes, such as thebaine, morphine, and codeine, is, nowadays, majorly dependent on opium poppy crop harvesting. This dependency puts an extra risk factor in ensuring the supply chain because crops are highly susceptible to environmental factors. Emerging technologies, such as biocatalysis, might help to solve this problem, by diversifying the sources of supply of these compounds. Here we review the first committed step in the production of alkaloid painkillers, the production of S-norcoclaurine, and the enzymes involved. The improvement of these enzymes can be carried out by experimental directed evolution and rational design strategies, supported by computational methods, to create variants that produce the S-norcoclaurine precursor for alkaloid painkillers in heterologous organisms, meeting the pharmaceutical industry standards and needs without depending on opium poppy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Marques Sousa
- REQUIMTE LAQV Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, PORTUGAL
| | - Maria J Ramos
- FCUP: Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Ciencias, Chemistry and Biochemistry, PORTUGAL
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- Universidade do Porto, Department of Chemistry Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Group, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007, Porto, PORTUGAL
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Ding J, You S, Zhang J, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhang W, Qi W, Su R, He Z. Rational design of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type3 for improving testosterone production with an engineered Pichia pastoris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125833. [PMID: 34455250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone (TS) is a critical androgenic steroid that regulates human metabolism and maintains secondary sexual characteristics. The biotransformation from 4-androstene-3,17-done (4-AD) to TS is limited by the poor catalytic activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3). Herein, we explored the structural characteristics and catalytic mechanism of 17β-HSD3 and adopted the rational design strategy to improve its catalytic activity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the substrate-binding pocket and the binding mode of 4-AD to 17β-HSD3. We located the pivotal residues and regulated their hydrophobicity and polarity. The obtained G186R/Y195W variant formed additional electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond with 4-AD, increasing the binding affinity between the variant and 4-AD. Therefore, the G186R/Y195W variant produced 3.98 g/L of TS, which increased to 297%. The combination of structural and mechanism resolution drives the implementation of the rational design strategy, which provides guidance for bioproduction of TS catalyzed by 17β-HSD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Ding
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Shengping You
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Ever-Sky Bioscience (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., PR China; Biosyn Healthy Pharma Co., Ltd, PR China
| | - Wei Qi
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Rongxin Su
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhimin He
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
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Liu Y, Cong Y, Zhang C, Fang B, Pan Y, Li Q, You C, Gao B, Zhang JZH, Zhu T, Zhang L. Engineering the biomimetic cofactors of NMNH for cytochrome P450 BM3 based on binding conformation refinement. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12036-12042. [PMID: 35423749 PMCID: PMC8696588 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00352f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 BM3 (BM3) is an important oxidoreductase that is widely used in drug synthesis, chemical synthesis, and other industries. However, as BM3 unquestionably increases costs by consuming a natural cofactor that unstably provides electrons, an alternative biomimetic cofactor with simpler structures represented by nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMNH) has been utilized. Currently, few reports exist on artificially modified BM3 enzymes using NMNH, especially regarding theoretical simulation and calculation. With the cognition of the mechanism in mind, we propose a strategy that optimizes and refines catalytic conformation. Based on constrained molecular dynamics simulation, the distance between N-5 of FAD flavin and C-4 of NMNH is used as a cue for the determination of improved conformation, and the potential positive mutants are subsequently screened virtually in accordance with binding free energy requirements. As a result, the Kcat/KM values of the favorable mutant S848R increased to 205.38% compared to the wild-type BM3 with NMNH. These data indicate that our strategy can be applied for the specific utilization of biomimetic cofactors by oxidoreductases represented by BM3. A rational design strategy was proposed to improve the efficient utilization of alternative biomimetic cofactor by P450 BM3 enzyme.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Yalong Cong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Chuanxi Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Bohuan Fang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Yue Pan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Qiangzi Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
| | - Chun You
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
| | - Bei Gao
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - John Z H Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China .,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai Shanghai 200062 China.,Department of Chemistry, New York University New York New York 10003 USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China .,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Lujia Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China .,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai Shanghai 200062 China
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Jiang B, Wang M, Wang X, Wu S, Li D, Liu C, Feng Z, Li J. Effective separation of prolyl endopeptidase from Aspergillus Niger by aqueous two phase system and its characterization and application. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:384-395. [PMID: 33347934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase (An-PEP) has become a research focus because of its advantages in specifically cleaving the C-terminal peptide bond of proline residues, especially it was an industrial food-grade acidic PEP. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was first applied for separating An-PEP from fermentation broth. Via response surface method (RSM) experiment, an effectively separation of An-PEP was achieved by ATPS containing27% (w/w) ethanol and 14.5% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 at pH 6.0 with the recovery of 90.29 ± 0.23% and purification coefficient of 15.35 ± 0.30. The purified An-PEP was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and fluorescence spectrometry. The optimum temperature and pH of An-PEP were 40 °C and 4.5-5.0, respectively. An-PEP was activated and stabilized by Ca2+ but inhibited by Fe3+. The enzymatic application of purified An-PEP was evaluated by hydrolyzing egg white protein (EWP) to prepare bioactive peptides. The obtained hydrolysates had good scavenging ability of OH and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and anti-gout activity. This research realized a low-cost, high-efficiency and simple separation technology of An-PEP and provided a broader idea for the preparation of bioactive peptides and the application of An-PEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Meichan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Heilongjiang Eco-meteorology Center, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao Feng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China.
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