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Estier T, Marchal A. Towards an understanding of bitterness in white wines: Contribution of 27 compounds assessed by LC-HRMS and sensory analysis. Food Chem 2024; 451:139503. [PMID: 38714111 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Whereas bitterness perception can modify the taste balance of white wines, its molecular origin remains largely unclear. This work aimed at determining the influence of a selection of the most cited bitter compounds on the bitterness of commercial dry white wines. Forty-two wines were sensorially characterized by a trained panel and divided into two statistically different groups depending on their bitterness. Twenty-seven bitter compounds were selected and five quantitation methods were developed and validated. The methods were used to measure the levels of all the 27 compounds in dry wine, 25 of them in sweet wine and 22 of them in grape juice. The detected concentrations were generally below the taste detection thresholds. No significant positive correlation between the bitterness intensity of the tasted samples and the concentration of the assayed bitter compounds was observed, suggesting the existence of other markers of bitterness in white wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Estier
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Axel Marchal
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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2
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Ha NM, Son NT. Health benefits of fraxetin: From chemistry to medicine. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400092. [PMID: 38501886 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Fraxetin is a bioactive molecule present in various natural plants, especially Cortex Fraxini. Evidenced outcomes in phytochemical and biological analyses for this agent are now available in the literature, but an insightful review is yet unknown. The goal of the current research is to offer a panoramic illustration of natural observation, biosynthesis, synthesis, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics for fraxetin. Esculetin and ferulic acid acted as precursors in the enzymatic biosynthetic route, whereas fraxetin could be easily synthesized from simple phenols. A great deal of interest was obtained in using this molecule for pharmacological targets. Herein, its pharmacological value included anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and antimicrobial activities, as well as the protection of the liver, neurons, heart, bone, lung, kidney, and others. Anticancer activity may involve the inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration, together with apoptotic induction. Health benefits from this molecule were deduced from its ability to suppress cytokines and protect the immune syndrome. Various signaling pathways, such as Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/NLRP3, Akt/AMPK, have been proposed for in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of action. Fraxetin is highly distributed to rat plasma and several organs. However, more pharmacokinetic studies to improve its bioavailability are needed since its solubility in water is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Manh Ha
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ninh The Son
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
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3
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Guo S, Liu S, Liu C, Wang Y, Gu D, Tian J, Yang Y. Biomimetic immobilization of α-glucosidase inspired by antibody-antigen specific recognition for catalytic preparation of 4-methylumbelliferone. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131697. [PMID: 38688333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Immobilization technology plays an important role in enhancing enzyme stability and environmental adaptability. Despite its rapid development, this technology still encounters many challenges such as enzyme leakage, difficulties in large-scale implementation, and limited reusability. Drawing inspiration from natural paired molecules, this study aimed to establish a method for immobilized α-glucosidase using artificial antibody-antigen interaction. The proposed method consists of three main parts: synthesis of artificial antibodies, synthesis of artificial antigens, and assembly of the artificial antibody-antigen complex. The critical step in this method involves selecting a pair of structurally similar compounds: catechol as a template for preparing artificial antibodies and protocatechualdehyde for modifying the enzyme to create the artificial antigens. By utilizing the same functional groups in these compounds, specific recognition of the antigen by the artificial antibody can be achieved, thereby immobilizing the enzymes. The results demonstrated that the immobilization amount, specific activity, and enzyme activity of the immobilized α-glucosidase were 25.09 ± 0.10 mg/g, 5.71 ± 0.17 U/mgprotein and 143.25 ± 1.71 U/gcarrier, respectively. The immobilized α-glucosidase not only exhibited excellent reusability but also demonstrated remarkable performance in catalyzing the hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-D-glucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Dongyu Gu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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4
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Zhang W, Bai B, Du H, Hao Q, Zhang L, Chen Z, Mao J, Zhu C, Yan M, Qin H, Abd El-Aty A. Co-expression of metabolites and sensory attributes through weighted correlation network analysis to explore flavor-contributing factors in various Pyrus spp. Cultivars. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101189. [PMID: 38357376 PMCID: PMC10865235 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavor profiles of various Pyrus spp. cultivars exhibit significant variations, yet the underlying flavor-contributing factors remain elusive. In this investigation, a comprehensive approach encompassing metabolomics analysis, volatile fingerprint analysis, and descriptive sensory analysis was employed to elucidate the flavor disparities among Nanguoli, Korla fragrant pear, and Qiuyueli cultivars and uncover potential flavor contributor. The study comprehensively characterized the categories and concentrations of nonvolatile and volatile metabolites, and 925 metabolites were identified. Flavonoids and esters dominated the highest cumulative response, respectively. Utilizing weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), seven highly correlated modules were identified, yielding 407 pivotal metabolites. Further correlation analysis of the differential substances provided potential flavor constituents strongly associated with various sensory attributes; taste factors had a certain association with olfactory characteristics. Our findings demonstrated the manifestation of flavor was a result of the synergistic effect of various compounds; evaluation olfactory flavor necessitated a comprehensive consideration of taste substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Hongxia Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Qian Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zilei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jiangsheng Mao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Mengmeng Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - A.M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
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White Wine Antioxidant Metabolome: Definition and Dynamic Behavior during Aging on Lees in Oak Barrels. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020395. [PMID: 36829954 PMCID: PMC9952738 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
White wines' oxidative stability is related to a flow of chemical reactions involving a number of native wine compounds comprising their antioxidant metabolome. By applying the combination of powerful and modern analytical approaches (EPR, DPPH, and UPLC-qToF-MS-based metabolomics), we could define wine antioxidant metabolome as the sum of molecular antioxidant markers (AM) characterized by their radical scavenging (AM-RS) and nucleophilic (AM-Nu) properties. The impact of on-lees barrel aging of chardonnay wines on the antioxidant metabolome was studied for two consecutive vintages. The identification of wines' antioxidant metabolome allows for a detailed understanding of the transient chemical interplays involved in the antioxidant chemistry associated with well-known antioxidants and opens an avenue towards personalized winemaking. The present study gathers for the first time the dynamics of wines' antioxidant metabolome during on-lees aging. Monitoring the variations of the wine antioxidant metabolome can provide an avenue to better control the winemaking process using the knowledge of how to optimize the wine aging potential.
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DLLμE/GC-MS as a Powerful Analytical Approach to Establish the Volatilomic Composition of Different Whiskeys. BEVERAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages8030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The volatilomic fingerprint of nine different whiskeys was established using a rapid and sensitive analytical approach based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLμE) followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The influence of the extractor solvent on the extraction efficiency of volatile compounds (VOCs) was evaluated by DLLμE/GC-MS. The highest amounts of VOCs were obtained using 5 mL of sample, dichloromethane as the extractor solvent, and acetone as the disperser solvent. The proposed method showed no matrix effect, good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.993) in the assessed concentration range, recovery (ranging from 70 to 99%, precision (RSD ≤ 15%) and sensitivity (low limits of detection and quantification). A total of 37 VOCs belonging to different biosynthetic pathways including alcohols, esters, acids, carbonyl compounds, furanic compounds and volatile phenols were identified and quantified using DLLμE/GC-MS and DLLμE/GC-FID, respectively. Alcohols (3-methylbutan-1-ol, propan-1-ol), esters (ethyl decanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl hexanoate), and acids (decanoic acid, octanoic acid, hexanoic acid) were the most abundant chemical families. The multivariate statistical analysis allowed for the discrimination of whiskeys based on their volatilomic fingerprint, namely octanoic acid, 2-furfural, ethyl octanoate, ethyl hexanoate, acetic acid, ethyl dodecanoate, butan-1-ol, and ethyl decanoate.
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Isolation of a new taste-active brandy tannin A: Structural elucidation, quantitation and sensory assessment. Food Chem 2022; 377:131963. [PMID: 35008026 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Enjoying a glass of spirits can be one of the delights of life. While it is well known that their taste improves during barrel aging, the molecular explanations of this phenomenon remain largely unknown. The present work aimed at searching for taste-active compounds formed in spirits during aging. An untargeted metabolomic approach using HRMS was applied on "eau-de-vie" of cognac. A fractionation protocol was then performed on brandies to isolate a targeted compound. By using HRMS and NMR, its structure was elucidated for the first time. This new ellagitannin, called brandy tannin A, considerably increased the sweetness of spirits at 2 mg/L. After development of an LC-HRMS quantitation method, it was assayed in various spirits and was detected mainly in cognacs up to 7 mg/L. These findings demonstrate the sensory contribution of this compound and more generally the relevance of combining metabolomics and separative techniques to purify new taste-active compounds.
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Gadrat M, Emo C, Lavergne J, Teissèdre PL, Chira K. Impact of Barrel Toasting on Ellagitannin Composition of Aged Cognac Eaux-de-Vie. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082531. [PMID: 35458728 PMCID: PMC9027108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that C-glucosidic ellagitannins contribute to wine quality, and new forms of ellagitannins have been found recently in cognac eaux-de-vie. The contribution of some ellagitannin-derived spirit compounds to eaux-de-vie taste has been demonstrated recently. However, there is a gap in our knowledge of the content, composition, and evolution of C-glucosidic ellagitannins in this matrix. Indeed, the quantification of these compounds and their evolutionary compounds have never before been researched in cognac eaux-de-vie. Thus, the aim of this study was not only to quantify these compounds, but also to study their kinetics and to observe how they are impacted by barrel toasting. For this purpose, barrels representing eight different toasting levels were used to age the same eau-de-vie during the first 18 months. Ellagitannin quantification was carried out by HPLC-Triple quadrupole. The results showed that the evolutionary trend of the eight ellagitannins is the same for all eight types of barrel toasting. The maximum concentrations of C-glucosidic ellagitannins were found after 3 months of aging (up to 23 mg/L) before decreasing to 18 months (9.7 mg/L), whereas ellagitannin-derived spirit compound concentrations increased throughout aging (up to 130.9 mg/L). In addition, barrel toasting had such an impact on ellagitannin content that barrels could be differentiated according to their levels. Eaux-de-vie in barrels with high toasting were lower in ellagitannins concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Gadrat
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1366 Œnologie, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, CS 50008-210, Chemin de Leysotte, CEDEX, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (M.G.); (P.-L.T.)
- Courvoisier SAS, 2 Places du Château, 16200 Jarnac, France; (C.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Catherine Emo
- Courvoisier SAS, 2 Places du Château, 16200 Jarnac, France; (C.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Joël Lavergne
- Courvoisier SAS, 2 Places du Château, 16200 Jarnac, France; (C.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Pierre-Louis Teissèdre
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1366 Œnologie, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, CS 50008-210, Chemin de Leysotte, CEDEX, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (M.G.); (P.-L.T.)
| | - Kléopatra Chira
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1366 Œnologie, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, CS 50008-210, Chemin de Leysotte, CEDEX, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (M.G.); (P.-L.T.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Untargeted MS-Based Metabolomics Analysis of the Responses to Drought Stress in Quercus ilex L. Leaf Seedlings and the Identification of Putative Compounds Related to Tolerance. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect and responses to drought stress were analyzed in Quercus ilex L. seedlings using a nontargeted metabolomic approach, implementing the approaches of previous studies in which other -omics platforms, transcriptomics, and proteomics were employed. This work aimed to characterize the Q. ilex leaf metabolome, determining possible mechanisms and molecular markers of drought tolerance and identifying putative bioactive compounds. Six-month-old seedling leaves subjected to drought stress imposed by water withholding under high-temperature and irradiance conditions were collected when leaf fluorescence decreased by 20% (day 17) and 45% (day 24) relative to irrigated seedlings. A total of 3934 compounds were resolved, with 616 being variable and 342 identified, which belonged to five chemical families. Out of the identified compounds, 33 were variable, mostly corresponding to amino acids, carboxylic acids, benzenoids, flavonoids and isoprenoids. Epigallocatechin, ellagic acid, pulegone, indole-3-acrylic acid and dihydrozeatin-O-glucoside were up-accumulated under drought conditions at both sampling times. An integrated multi-omics analysis of phenolic compounds and related enzymes was performed, revealing that some enzymes involved in the flavonoid pathways (chalcone synthase, anthocyanidin synthase and anthocyanidin reductase) were up-accumulated at day 24 in non-irrigated seedlings. Some putative markers of tolerance to drought in Q. ilex are proposed for assisting breeding programs based on the selection of elite genotypes.
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A state-of-the-art review of the chemical composition of sugarcane spirits and current advances in quality control. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Kustos M, Goodman S, Jeffery DW, Bastian SE. Appropriate food and wine pairings and wine provenance information: Potential tools for developing memorable dining experiences. Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Fan FY, Huang CS, Tong YL, Guo HW, Zhou SJ, Ye JH, Gong SY. Widely targeted metabolomics analysis of white peony teas with different storage time and association with sensory attributes. Food Chem 2021; 362:130257. [PMID: 34118510 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The sensory features of white peony teas (WPTs) significantly change with storage age; however, their comprehensive associations with composition are still unclear. This study aimed to clarify the sensory quality-related chemical changes in WPTs during storage. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on widely targeted metabolomics analysis was performed on WPTs of 1-13 years storage ages. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to correlate metabolites with sensory traits including color difference values and taste attributes. 323 sensory trait-related metabolites were obtained from six key modules via WGCNA, verified by multiple factor analysis. The decline and transformation of abundant flavonoids, tannins and amino acids were related to the reduced astringency, umami and increased browning of tea infusions. In contrast, the total contents of phenolic acids and organic acids increased with storage. This study provides a high-throughput method for the association of chemical compounds with various sensory traits of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Fan
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chuang-Sheng Huang
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi-Lin Tong
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao-Wei Guo
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sen-Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shu-Ying Gong
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Winstel D, Bahammou D, Albertin W, Waffo-Téguo P, Marchal A. Untargeted LC-HRMS profiling followed by targeted fractionation to discover new taste-active compounds in spirits. Food Chem 2021; 359:129825. [PMID: 33940473 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Taste is a key driver of food and beverage acceptability due to its role in consumers' pleasure. The great interest that natural food and beverages now arouse lies notably in the complexity of their taste, which in turn is related to a wide range of taste-active compounds. Going beyond the classic divide between targeted and untargeted strategies, an integrative methodology to spirits was applied. Untargeted profiling of several cognac spirits was implemented by LC-HRMS to identify compounds of interest among hundreds of ions. A targeted fractionation protocol was then developed. By using HRMS and NMR, dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol was identified and described for the first time in spirits and oak wood. It was characterized as sweet at 2 mg/L in two matrices and was quantified in spirits up to 4 mg/L. These findings demonstrated how this methodology is relevant and effective to discover new taste-active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Winstel
- Univ. Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
| | - Delphine Bahammou
- Univ. Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
| | - Warren Albertin
- Univ. Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
| | - Pierre Waffo-Téguo
- Univ. Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
| | - Axel Marchal
- Univ. Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
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